TINMOUTH. TOPSHAM. TOWNSHEND sugar, lbs. 19,555; wool, 10,759. Popu- TOMLINSON. Congregational church, which was for many years the only church in town, was organized in 1780, and has had the following settled ministers: the Rev. Benj. Osborn from Sept. 25, 1780, to Oct. 11, TOPSHAM, a post town in the north 1787; Rev. William Boies from Feb. 28, part of Orange county, is in lat. 44° 8' 1804, to July 15, 1818; Rev. Stephen and long. 4° 45', and is bounded north by Martindale from Jan. 6, 1819, to Feb. 6, Groton, east by Newbury, south by Cor1832, and the Rev. Rufus C. Clapp, the inth, and west by Orange. It lies 19 present minister, since Sept. 18, 1839. miles southeast from Montpelier, and 47 Between 1832 and 1839 the Rev. Stephen north from Windsor. It was chartered Williams labored here more than 4 years. June 17, 1763. The settlement was comThis church consists at present of 57 menced about the year 1781, by Thomas members. An Episcopal church, by the Chamberlain, Thomas McKeith and Samname of St. Stephen's Church, is organ- uel Farnum. In 1783 they were joined ized here, and now consists of 16 mem- by Robert Mann, Samuel Thompson and bers, but has no settled minister. There John Crown; and, in 1784, by Lemuel are some Methodists here, who have Tabor. The first settlers were generally preaching a part of the time. There is no from New Hampshire. Lemuel Tabor meeting house excepting that belonging built the first saw mill here in 1784, and to the Congregationalists, which is a neat, the first grist mill in 1787. The town was convenient building, erected in 1836. organized March 15, 1790, and Lemuel The situation of the town is elevated and Tabor was the first town clerk, which ofhealthy. Mrs. Abigail Carpenter died fice he held 33 out of the 34 succeeding here in Jan., 1817, aged 100 years and 6 years. It was first represented in the months. The Hon. Thomas Porter lived general assembly, in 1801, by William here from 1779 to about 1832, and died at Thompson. The religious denominations Granville, N. Y., in May, 1833, aged 99 are Congregationalists, Freewill Baptists, years and 3 months. Mrs. Rossetter and Baptists, Universalists and Methodists. Mrs. Dean died here in 1820, aged about The Rev. Stillman Morgan is minister of 98, and the Hon. Nath'l Chipman is still the Congregational church, Elders Williving here at the age of 90. The epi- liam and Eber Sanborn of the Baptist, and demic of 1813 was very mortal. Furnace Elder A. Shipman of the Freewill Baptist. brook, or Little West river, rises from a A town house, which has been occupied small pond in the south part of the town- as a meeting house, was erected here in ship, and runs nearly north through 1806. The township is watered princiClarendon, and unites with Otter creek pally by the head branches of Wait's rivin Rutland. A dam was formerly erected er, several of which are considerable mill on this stream, near the north line of the streams. The surface is very uneven, town, which caused the water to flow and much of it stony. The rocks are back for the distance of three miles, and principally granite. The timber is maple, the pond was, in some places, half a mile beech, birch, spruce and hemlock. There in width. In this pond the fish multiplied are in town 17 school districts and school and became remarkably numerous and houses, 7 saw, 2 fulling and 4 grist large. About the year 1815, this dam mills, 1 carding machine, 2 stores, and was taken away, and the furnace, which 3 tanneries. Statistics of 1840.-Horsstood upon it, was removed further up es, 350; cattle, 2,591; sheep, 6,111; the stream near the centre of the town-swine, 1,457; wheat, bus. 5,576; barley, ship, where it was in operation till 1837, when it ceased. Poultney river waters the western part. There are two ranges of hills or mountains extending through the township from south to north, one on each side of Furnace brook. Several quarries of fine marbie have been opened, and iron ore is found in abundance in several places. The town contains 6 school districts, besides forming parts of three more with adjoining towns, 3 saw mills, 1 store, 1 tavern and 1 tannery. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 179; cattle, 2,059; sheep, 5,215; swine, 589; wheat, bush. 1,441; oats, 7,555; rye, 3,363; Ind. corn, 2,824; potatoes, 10,750; hay, tons, 3,187; 470; oats, 18,215; rye, 164; buckwheat, 487; Ind. corn, 5,653; potatoes, 63,179; hay, tons, 4,294; sugar, lbs. 31,645 ; wool, 8,961. Population, 1,745. TOWNSHEND, a post town in the central part of Windham county, is in lat. 43° 3' and long. 4° 24', and is bounded north by Grafton and Athens, east by Athens and Brookline, south by Newfane, and west by Windham, Jamaica and Wardsboro'. It lies 28 miles northeast from Bennington, and 12 northwesterly from Brattleborough; and was chartered June 20, 1753, containing, originally, about 23,000 acres. In 1840 the town of Acton was annexed to it. The first settlement was TOWNSHEND. TROUT RIVER. TROY. commenced in 1761, by Joseph Tyler, cinity, who were to hold themselves in who was soon joined by John Hazletine, readiness to march at the beat of the whose mother lived to the age of 104 drum. His whole company volunteered, years, and others, from Upton, Ms. The and in 1777, they marched to Ticonde first town meeting was on the 30th of roga for the purpose of relieving the May, 1771. Joseph Tyler was the first American army, which was there betown clerk. The religious denominations sieged. On this expedition, with 13 volare Congregationalists, Baptists, Metho-unteers, he attacked a British detachment dists and Universalists. The Rev. Mr. of 40 men, killed one and took seven prisDudley was the first settled minister. He oners, without sustaining any loss himwas ordained over the Congregational self. He soon after received a Major's church June 26, 1777, and dismissed about commission, and continued in the service the year 1780. This church, having be- till after the capture of Burgoyne. After come extinct, was reorganized in 1792, his return, he rose through the different and then consisted of 15 members. The grades of office to that of Major General ministers since that time have been the of militia, which office he held six years. following: Rev. Luke Whitcomb from He was several years member of the exAug. 30, 1815 to his death, Jan. 2, 1821; ecutive council, and, in 1788, was apRev. Philetus Clark from Nov. 21, 1821, pointed high sheriff of the county of to July 6, 1824; Rev. James Kimball from Windham, which office he held 18 years Jan. 13, 1825, to Oct. 6, 1830; and Rev. successively, and he was three years a Horatio N. Graves, the present minister, judge of the county court. He died Sepwho was settled Feb. 3, 1833. The pres- tember 15, 1814, aged about 70 years. ent minister of the Baptist church is the The surface of this township is generally Rev. Wm. D. Upham, who has been set- uneven, and many of the hills are high tled here 3 or 4 years. There are two and steep. West river runs through the villages, whose post office designations township in a southeasterly direction. It are Townshend and West Townshend. is a very rapid stream, and is about ten The former is a flourishing village, con- rods in width. Along its banks are some taining a Baptist and Congregational fine tracts of intervale. There are also meeting house, the former built in 1838, several brooks, which afford good mill the latter in 1790, 3 stores, a number of seats. The town contains 9 school dismechanics' shops, and about 40 dwelling tricts and school houses, 2 grist, 1 fulling houses. The Leland Classical and Eng- and 4 saw mills, 4 stores, 2 taverns, 1 trip lish School is located here. It is a flour- hammer, and 2 tanneries. Statistics of ishing institution. The building is of 1840.-Horses, 326; cattle, 2,669; sheep, brick, 54 feet by 36, together with a large 8,890; swine, 1,055; wheat, bus. 2,025; boarding house for the accommodation of barley, 116; oats, 8,936; rye, 1,823; the pupils. In the west village is a meeting house, built in 1816, but no settled minister. There are now living in this township two persons who are between 90 and 100 years of age. Among the early and distinguished inhabitants of this township may be mentioned the late Gen. Samuel Fletcher. He was born at Grafton, Mass., in 1745. At the age of 17 he enlisted as a soldier in the contest between the British and French colonies, in which service he continued one year. On his return he learned the trade of a blacksmith, which he followed about four years, when he married a young lady with a handsome property, and, resigning the sledge, removed to Townshend to wield the axe among the trees of the forest. In 1775 he joined the American standard at Bunker's hill, with rank of orderly sergeant. He returned to Townshend in January following, where he was made a captain of militia. He was, at this time, principal leader in the county convention, and was ordered, as captain, to raise as many minute men as possible in his vi buckwheat, 898; Indian corn, 7,946; po. tatoes, 41,488; hay, tons, 4,178; sugar, lbs. 10,460; wool, 17,276. Population, 1,515. TROUT RIVER, is formed in Montgomery, by the union of south and east branch, the former rising in Avery's gore, and the latter in Westfield. The junction is formed about half a mile west of the centre of the town, from which the river takes a northwest course, and, after running about four miles, passes through the northeast corner of Enosburgh, into Missisco river near the south line of Berkshire. Trout river receives, in its course, a number of tributary streams, affords several valuable mill privileges, and fertilizes a handsome tract of intervale. The Rev. Mr. Gray, an Episcopalian clergyman, was drowned in attempting to cross this river to attend a funeral, during a remarkable freshet in the fall of 1822. He was a man respected and beloved, and his loss was much lamented. TROY, a post town in the north part of Orleans county, is in lat. 44°55' and long. TROY. TUNBRIDGE. part of Orange county, is in lat. 43o 54' and long. 4° 32', and is bounded north by Chelsea, east by Strafford, south by Roy. 4° 36', and is bounded north by Potton, Can., east by Newport, south by Lowell, and west by Westfield and Jay. It lies 47 miles northeasterly from Montpelier.alton, and west by Randolph. It lies 30 This township is eleven miles and a half miles north from Windsor, and 26 southlong from north to south. The length of east from Montpelier. It was chartered the north line is nearly five miles, and Sept. 3, 1761, to Abraham Root, Obadiah that of the south nearly two, and the Noble, and others, containing 23,040 atownship contains about 23,000 acres. cres. The settlement of the township This township was granted in two sepa- was commenced about the year 1776, by rate gores. The south part was charter-James-Lyon, Moses Ordway and others, ed to John Kelley, Oct. 13, 1792, and the emigrants from New-Hampshire. James north half to Samuel Avery. The settle- Lyon, jr., was born January 25, 1780, and ment was commenced about the year 1800, was the first child born in town. The by emigrants from different towns on Indians passed through the township, at Connecticut river. During the late war the time they visited Royalton, and took with Great Britain, most of the inhabi- one or two prisoners here. The town tants left the town. A part of them, how- was organized in March, 1786, and A. ever, returned after the war, and the set- Stedman was first town clerk. The town tlement has since advanced with consid- was first represented in 1787, by Seth erable rapidity. The town was organized Austin, who was also the first captain of March 30, 1802, and was then called Mis- militia and the first justice of the peace. sisco. Curtis Elkins was the first town About this time the ingress of inhabitants clerk. This township is well watered by was so great that grain could not be proMissisco river, which runs through it cured for their support, and they were renear the western border from south to duced almost to a state of starvation. north, and by several of its tributaries. Since that time the inhabitants have been The falls, on the Missisco, in the north generally blessed with a competency. part, are a considerable curiosity. Here The religious denominations are Congre the river precipitates itself down a ledge gationalists, Freewill Baptists, Methoof rocks about 70 feet. these falls and dists and Universalists. The first settled the deep still water below, present a grand minister was the Rev. David H. Willisand interesting spectacle, when viewed ton. He was ordained over the Congrefrom a rock, which projects over them, gational church, June 26, 1793, and dis120 feet in perpendicular height. The missed in 1802. The Rev. Jacob Allen soil is in general a strong loam, suitable September, 1813, and dismissed in 1821. for grass and most kinds of grain. The The Rev. Joseph Thatcher, the present surface is generally level, and along the minister was settled in April 1838. The river are tracts of intervale of considerable Congregational church was organized extent and fertility. The principal rocks Feb. 5, 1792. In 1836 and 7 the society are chlorite and mica slate, serpentine, built a new meeting house, which was limestone and steatite. About 10 years dedicated June 14, 1837. April 19, 1838, ago an immense mass of iron ore of an this building was consumed by fire. A excellent quality was discovered in this new house was, however, immediately town a short distance to the eastward of erected which was dedicated July 25, Missisco river. A furnace and forge have 1839. This church consists of 52 membeen erected, which produce annually bers. The Methodists have a good brick about 400 tons of cast iron, and several meeting house at the lower village, built tons of wrought iron. The quantity of in 1833. The Freewill Baptists have ore is inexhaustible. The timber is most- one in the easterly part of the town built ly maple, birch, beech, spruce and hem-in 1808. Their minister is the Rev. Geo. lock, with some pine. There are here 3 Hacket. A union house was finished at post offices, denominated Troy, North the upper village in 1840. The meeting Troy, and Troy Furnace, around each of house near the centre was built in 1797, which is a small village. The town con- and is now principally used as a town tains 8 schools, 4 saw, 3 grist and ful- house. There are three small villages ling mills, 4 stores. Statistics of 1840. situated on the first branch of White rivHorses, 195; cattle, 1,066; sheep, 2,995 er, called the Centre, the Upper and Lowswine, 632; wheat, bus. 923; barley, 132; er village, of which the Centre is largest, oats, 6,592; rye, 511; buckwheat, 1,336; containing 1 meeting house, 2 stores, 1 Ind. corn, 1,886; potatoes, 30,880; hay, tavern, 1 grist, 1 saw and 1 fulling mill, tons, 2,192; sugar, lbs. 19,066; wool, 5,- trip hammer &c., also 1 clergyman, 1 at944. Population, 816. torney and 1 physician. Among the instances of longevity may be mentioned TUNBRIDGE, a post town in the south UNDERHILL. VERGENNES. portion of the township is very uneven. UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT. that of Daniel Hunt, who died here aged 100 years, Daniel Hopkins, who died here in 1818, aged 100 years, and Mrs. Mary White, who died in 1822, aged 95 years. This town has never experienced any remarkable season of mortality. The township is watered by the first branch of White river, which runs through it from north to south, near the centre. There are, on this stream, several very good mill seats, which are already occupied. The soil is generally a deep, rich loam, and along the branch is some intervale. The surface of the township is uneven, broken, and the elevations are abrupt. There is a medicinal spring in the western part of the township, the waters of VERGENNES, the only city in Verwhich are impregnated with sulphuretted mont, is situated in lat. 44°. 10', and long. hydrogen. They have been considerably 3° 43, and is bounded north and east by resorted to by persons afflicted with cuta- Ferrisburgh, south by Waltham, and west neous complaints, and have been found by Panton and Ferrisburgh. It lies at beneficial. There are in town 5 meeting the head of navigation on Otter creek houses, 19 school districts, 2 grist 10 saw and was incorporated with city privileges and 3 fulling mills, 2 carding machines, October 23, 1783, being 480 by 400 rods 4 stores, 1 tavern, 2 tanneries, 1 woollen in extent. The first meeting under its factory, besides the usual mechanics. charter was held March 12, 1789, and Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 376; cattle, Samuel Chipman, jun. Esq. was first 2,185; sheep, 8,890; swine, 1,345; wheat, clerk. Its first Mayor was Enoch Woodbus. 3,310; barley, 175; oats, 13,305; bridge, Esq. who was afterwards chief rye, 655; back wheat, 1,415; Indian corn, 7,620; potatoes, 67,705; hay, tons, 3,430; sugar, lbs. 31,670; wool, 18,905. Population, 1,811. TURNERSBURgh. See Chelsea. TYSON FURNACE. See Plymouth. UNDERHILL, a post town in the northeastern part of Chittenden county, is in lat. 44° 33' and long. 4° 7', and is bounded northerly by Cambridge, easterly by Mansfield, southerly by Jericho, and westerly by Westford. It lies 15 miles northeast from Burlington, and 26 northwest from Montpelier. It was chartered June 8, 1763, to Joseph Sacket and others, containing 23,040 acres. In 1839 the western part of Mansfield was annexed to it. The settlement of the township was commenced about the year 1786, the first surveys having been made in 1785. The town was organized March 9, 1795, and William Barney was the first town clerk, and also the first representative, chosen the same year. The religious denominations are Congregationalists and Methodists. The Congregational church was organized in December, 1802. And they, in 1804, settled the Rev. James Parker, who was dismissed in 1812. The Rev. N. B. Dodge was settled in 1814, and dismissed in 1820. His successors have been the Rev. Messrs. Robinson, P. Kingsley, and John Adams. present minister. ing houses. The The latter is their judge of the Supreme Court. He was chosen July 1, 1794, and the same year represented Vergennes in the General Assembly. In 1798, a large building was erected here for a state house, which has since been taken down. The first settlement within the present limits of Ver a Episcopal church and Methodist chapel. e ConThey have 2 meet-gregational church. p Mills. q Champlain Arsenal. surface of a large Iron Foundries. VERGENNES. gennes, was made in 1766, by Donald M'Intosh, a native of Scotland, who was in the battle of Culloden. He came to this country with Gen. Wolfe's army during the French war, and died July 14 1803, aged 84 years. The emigrants, who subsequently located themselves here, were principally from Massachusetts, Connecticut and the south parts of this state. The Congregational church was formed Sept. 17, 1793. The Rev. Daniel C. Sanders was settled over it from June 12, 1794 to August 24, 1799; the Rev. John Hough from March 12, 1807 to August 28, 1812; the Rev. Alexander Lovell from Oct. 22, 1817 to Nov. 10, 1835, and the Rev. Harvey F. Leavitt, the present minister, was settled August 31, 1836. This society built a neat and commodious house of worship in 1834 which was dedicated Dec. 23 of that year. An Episcopal society was organized here in 1811, which was under the care of the Rev. Parker Adams for 2 or 3 years, but, having become nearly extinct, it was reorganized in January, 1832,by the name of St. Paul's Church. The society shortly after erected a neat church edifice, which was consecrated Jan. 18, 1835. The Rev. Charles Fay became rector of this church in 1833 and continued about three years, since which they have had the services successively of the Rev. Messrs. A. T. Twing, A. K. Putnam, Z. Thompson, N. W. Monroe and Mr. Greenleaf. Rev. H. M. Davis is the present minister. There is a respectable Methodist society here which has erected a neat house of worship the present year, (1842.) Vergennes has always been healthy, having suffered as little as almost any place of its size in the state, by sickness. Otter creek passes through this city, and at the falls here are some of the finest stands for mills in the country. At the head of the falls the stream is divided by two small islands into three chanuels, forming three distinct sets of falls of 37 feet. On these falls a very large amount of machinery was put in operation during the non-intercourse and war with Great Britain, which consisted of one blast furnace, one air furnace, eight forges, one rolling mill, one wire factory, besides grist, saw, and fulling mills, &c. During the war 177 tons of cannon shot were cast here for government. In June, 1816, most of the iron works were suspended and have since, only in part, been resumed. The creek is navigable to the foot of the falls here, a distance of seven miles, for the largest vessels on the lake. Its width varies from 14 to 20 rods. The channel is so crooked in many places as to VERNON, render the navigation difficult with the most favorable wind. To obviate this in convenience it was contemplated to construct a tow path along the bank of the creek, by which the navigation might be greatly facilitated. The shore of this creek is very bold, and vessels of 300 tons burthen may receive and discharge their cargoes at almost any spot with the assistance of ten feet plank. The flotilla, commanded by the brave M'Donough, which captured the British fleet in Plattsburgh bay, on the 11th of September, 1814, was fitted up at this place. A United States Arsenal was erected here in 1823. (See part second, page 128.) There is no place in the state which affords greater facilities for ship building. Vergennes is surrounded by a rich, fertile country. Its trade has always been considerable, and is gradually increasing. There are regular lines of canal and steam-boats between this place and New York, and also between here and Buffalo, through the western canal. The city contains three houses for public worship, 6 attorneys, 3 physicians, 1 bank, 14 dry goods, grocery and apothecary stores, 1 book store, 2 iron foundries, 2 flour mills, 2 saw mills, 2 clothiers' works and 3 tanneries, tistics of 1840.-Horses, 96; cattle, 388; sheep, 3,683; swine, 246; wheat, bus. 150; oats, 1,330; buckwheat, 50; Indian corn, 1,453; potatoes, 3,420; hay, tons, 1,284; wool, lbs. 9,900. Population, 1017. Sta VERNON, a small post town in Windham county, situated in the southeast corner of the state, is in lat. 42° 46' and long. 4° 28', and is bounded north by Brattleborough, east by Connecticut river, which separates it from Hinsdale, N. H., south by Northfield, Mass., and west by Guilford. It lies 35 miles nearly east from Bennington, and 50 south from Windsor. This township constituted a part of Hinsdale, N. H., which was chartered September 5,, 1753, till Vermont became a separate state. It then became the township of Hinsdale in Vermont, which name was altered to Vernon, in 1802. This was one of the first settled townships in the state, but the precise time of its commencement is not known. The earliest inhabitants were emigrants from Northampton and Northfield, Mass. The inhabitants of this township encountered all the dangers and solicitudes of Indian wars, and struggled with all those difficulties and hardships which are incident to frontier settlements. Fort Dummer in Brattleborough, Hinsdale's fort in Hinsdale, and Bridgeman's fort in this township, were all insufficient to shield the inhabitants from the incursions of the |