wheat, 20; In. corn, 75; potatoes, 1,300; | hay, tons, 60; sugar, lbs. 7,00; wool 75. The other Gores of this name, are now annexed to townships.

BARNARD.

are two establishments for the manufacture of starch. The town is well watered with springs and brooks, but has no good mill privileges or streams of much consequence. Hawks mountain, which lies between the town and Cavendish, renders the communication between the two towns difficult, and was the occasion of the division. The summit of this mountain is, for the greater part of the distance, the boundary line. The rocks are almost wholly Gneiss and Granite; the soil warm but stoney. The town has always been healthy. There was not a case of the spotted fever at the time it was epidemic in other parts of the state. There are two school districts with school houses in each. No mills in town. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 40; cattle, 242; sheep, 971; swine, 99; wheat, bu. 292; barley, 17; oats, 1,664; rye, 225; buck wheat, 49; Ind. corn, 905; potatoes, 6,566; hay, tons, 519; sugar, lbs. 1,650; wool, 2,855. Population, 155.

BAKERSFIELD, a post town, in the eastern part of Franklin county, in latitude 44° 47' and long. 4° 13', is bounded north by Enosburgh, east by Avery's Gore and Waterville, south by Waterville and Fletcher, and west by Fairfield. It is 30 miles northeast from Burlington, was granted Feb. 27, 1787, and chartered to Luke Knowlton, Jan. 25, 1791, and originally contained but 10,000 acres. Additions have since been made, and it now contains about 26,000. The settlement of this town was commenced in 1789, by Joseph Baker, from whom the town derives its name. He emigrated from Westborough, Mass. Joel Brigham and Abijah Pratt settled in Bakersfield about the same time. From October 1790 to Oct. 1812, there were only 68 deaths in this town. During the two next years there were 60 deaths, mostly by the spotted BARNARD, a post town in Windsor and lung fevers. The religious denomi- county, 21 miles northwest from Windnations are Congregationalists, Method- sor, and 37 south from Montpelier, is in ists, Baptists and Universalists. The lat. 43° 44', and long. 4° 24'. It is bounpublic buildings are a town house, built ded northerly by Royalton and Bethel, in 1827, a brick meeting house in 1831, a east by Pomfret, south by Bridgewater, brick chapel in 1839, and an academy in and west by Stockbridge. The town 1839. The professional men are three was chartered July 17, 1761, to William clergymen, one attorney and two physi- Story, Francis Barnard and their associcians. This township is somewhat brok-ates. en, but not mountainous. It is timbered principally with hard wood, and the soil is in general warm and productive. It is watered by Black creek, which crosses the southwest corner, and several other branches of the Missisco river. The streams are, however, small and the mill privileges not numerous. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 260; cattle, 2000; sheep, 4,733; swine, 400; wheat, bu. 3000; barley, 110; oats, 7,728; rye, 176; b. wheat, 450; Ind. corn, 2,450; potatoes, 62,000; hay, tons, 3,570; sugar, lbs. 33,305; wool, 10,876. Population, 1,258.

BALTIMORE, a small township of a triangular form, lying in the south eastern part of Windsor county, in lat. 43° 21', and bounded east by Weathersfield and Springfield, south by Chester, and northwest by Cavendish. It is eleven miles northwest from Windsor, and 64 south from Montpelier. It was set off from Cavendish by an act of the Legislature, Oct. 19, 1793, and constituted a separate township. The town was organized March 12, 1794, and Joseph Atherton was first town cl'k. It has seldom been represented in the General Assembly. The religious denominations are Congregationalists, Baptists and Universalists. There

James Call chopped the first timber here in 1774, but left in the fall. The settlement was commenced in March, 1775, by Thomas Freeman, his son Wm. and John Newton. The same season Lot Whitcomb, Nathaniel Paige, Wm. Cheedle and Asa Whitcomb moved their families into town. Thomas Freeman, jr. came into town June 7, 1775. He is now living and is the only survivor of those who spent the first winter here. At the time of the battle of Bunker's hill, (properly Breed's hill,) which took place on the 17th of June, 1775, the firing was distinctly heard in this town by Thomas Freeman and others, a distance of more than 100 miles. On the 9th of August,, 1780, this town was visited by a party of 21 Indians, who made prisoners of Thos. M. Wright, Prince Haskell and John Newton, and carried them to Canada. Newton and Wright made their escape the spring following, and Haskell was exchanged in the fall. They suffered many hardships while prisoners and on their return,but they arrived safely at Barnard, and were all living in 1824, upon the farms from which they were taken. They were all prisoners in Canada at the time Royalton was burnt, and were not then taken, as has been stated in the narrative

BARNARD.

BARNET.

BARNET, a post town in Caledonia county, lying on Connecticut river, opposite to Lyman, New Hampshire, in lat. 44o 19', and long. 4° 55' and containing about 40 square miles. It is bounded north by Waterford, east by Connecticut river, south by Ryegate, and west by Peacham and Danville, and is 35 miles east from Montpelier,and 65 miles north from Windsor, as the roads are travelled. The charter of Barnet is dated September 15, 1763, The principal proprietors were Enos, Samuel and Willard Stevens, sons of Captain Phineas Stevens, who so nobly defended the fort at Charlestown, New Hampshire, April 4, 1747, against a large party of French and Indians, under the command of M. Debeline.* March 4, 1770, the first settlement was commenced in this town by Jacob, Elijah and Daniel Hall and Jonathan Fowler. Sarah, daughter of Elijah Hall, was the first child, and Barnet, son of Jonathan Fowler, the first male child born in town. The latter was presented by Enos Stevens, Esq. with 100 acres of land. The town was subsequently settled mostly by emigrants from Scotland. A part of the township was purchased in 1774 by the late Alexander Harvey, Esq. and another gentleman, for a company in Scotland. A considerable proportion of the people are of Scotch descent. In the summer of 1772, Enos Stevens, Esq. erected a grist mill on Stevens' river, about 150 rods from its junction with the Connecticut. The first town meeting was held and the town organized March 18, 1783. Walter Brock, Esq. was first town clerk, and Colonel Alexander Harvey the first representative. Major Rogers, on his return from an expedition against the St. Francis Indians, in 1759, encamped near the mouth of the Passumpsic river in this town, where he expected to meet a supply of provisions to be sent on from Charlestown, New Hampshire, by order of General Amherst. The order of the General was complied with. Samuel Stevens and three others proceeded up Connecticut river with two canoes, to the round island opposite the mouth of the Passumpsic, where they encamped for the night. In the morning, hearing the report of guns, they were so terrified that they reloaded their provisions and hastened back to Charlestown, leaving Rogers and his famished rangers to their fate. The Presbyterian church and society is the most numerous in town. The Rev.

of that event. During the years 1783 | potatoes, 50,286; hay, tons, 4,913; sugar, and 4, canine madness was very common lbs. 36,360; wool, 18,027. Pop. 1,774. in this part of the state. Dogs, wolves, foxes, cats, &c. were affected by it. On the 17th of March, 1784, a Mr. Stewart of this town was bitten in his finger by a mad wolf. Twenty-seven days from that time symptoms of hydrophobia appeared, and he died of the disease three days after. Barnard was organized as a town, April 4, 1778, and Thomas W. White was first town clerk. Thomas Freeman, Asa Whitcomb and Solomon Aikens were the first select men, and Asa Whitcomb was first representative and first justice of the peace. The religious denominations are Congregationalists, Methodists and Universalists, each of which have a convenient meeting house. The Rev. Joseph Bowman was installed over the Congregational church Sept. 22, 1784, and continued their pastor till his death, which happened April 27, 1806. The Rev. Joel Davis was ordained over this church August 10, 1807, and was dismissed in 1822. The Rev. Hosea Ballou was ordained over the Universalist Church and society about the year 1804, and three or four years after removed to Portsmouth, N. H., and from that place to Boston where he now resides. The Methodist society is numerous, and is principally supplied by the several preachers of that order, who reside in town, and by circuit preachers. The most remarkable revivals of religion were 1801 and 1822, both of which were very general. The hopeful subjects of the latter amounted to nearly 300, about 200 of whom united with the Methodist church, and 67 with the Congregational church. There are no considerable streams. The town lies between Ottà Quechee and White river, and contributes to both. Locust creek rises in the southwest part of the town, and running northerly falls into White river in Bethel. Near the centre of the town is a natural pond which covers about 100 acres. It discharges its waters to the northwest into Locust creek. The outlet of this pond affords some very fine mill seats. A branch of Ottâ Quechee river rises in the south part on which is one saw mill in this town. In the eastern part of the town is a bog of excellent marl. There is a small village situated in the centre of the town, about the outlet of the pond, in which are two meet ing houses, two stores, two taverns, and several mills and mechanic shops. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 384; cattle, 1,957; sheep, 8,847; swine, 846; wheat, bu. 2,279; barley, 60; oats, 9,040; rye, 413; buck wheat, 2,087; In. corn, 4,266;

* See part second, page 7. For an account of this expedition see part second, page 14.

BARRE.

BARRE.

lies about 50 miles northwesterly from Windsor. This township was granted Nov. 6, 1780, to William Williams and his associates, and chartered by the name of Wildersburgh. This name being unpopular with the inhabitants of the town, in the year 1793, a town-meeting was called, to be holden at the house of Calvin Smith for the purpose of agreeing on some other name to be presented to the legislature for their sanction and approval. The meeting being opened, freedom was given for any one to present the name he chose, and the choice among the number presented was to be decided by vote of the town. Several names were proposed, such as Paris, Newburn, &c. Two of the voters present, Capt. Joseph Thomson and Mr. Jonathan Sherman, the first from Holden, the other from Barre, Mass., each in their turn strenuously contended for the name of the town from which he came; and as the matter seem

David Goodwillie was settled over it in | Williamstown and west by Berlin, and 1791, and was their minister many years. The Rev. Thomas Goodwillie is the present minister. The first meeting house was built in 1789. A small Congregational church was formed in this town, October 21, 1829, and the Rev. Andrew Govan officiated here about three years. It consists of 46 members. In 1811, the spotted fever occasioned great mortality in this and the neighboring towns. The typhus fever prevailed in 1815, '16 and '17, and carried off a considerable number. The principal streams are the Passumpsic, which falls into the Connecticut just below the foot of the 15 mile falls, and Stevens' river, which unites with the Connecticut about two miles below the mouth of the Passumpsic. On these streams are several valuable mill privileges, the most remarkable of which is at Stevens' mills on Stevens' river. At this place the river, which is three rods wide, falls about 100 feet in the distance of ten rods. At the foot of the 15 mile falls in Connecticuted to lie chiefly between these two, it was river, is a cluster of 21 islands, the lar- proposed that it should be decided begest of which is said to contain 90 acres. tween them, by boxing, to which they There are several other fertile islands of readily agreed. The terms were, that they considerable size between Barnet and Ly- should fight across a pole; but if one man. Some parts of the town are broken should knock the other down, they might and hilly, but the soil is in general rich then choose their own mode of warfare. and excellent for pasture and tillage. The meeting then adjourned to a new There is some handsome intervale along barn-shed, erected by said Smith, over the Connecticut and Passumpsic in this which a floor of rough hemlock plank had town, the ascent from which to the up- just been laid, and on this the issue was land is precipitous and rocky. The rocks to be decided. Agreeably to this arrangewhich form the precipice are principally ment, the combatants advanced upon argillaceous slate, and, just below the each other, and soon Thompson, by a well mouth of the Passumpsic, they rise from directed blow, brought his antagonist to 100 to 300 feet nearly perpendicular. Iron the floor, and, springing upon him at full ore has been found near the mouth of the length, began to aim his heavy blows at Passumpsic. There are three natural his head and face; but Sherman, being ponds in this town, viz. Harvey's pond more supple, avoided them, and they gencovering about 300 acres, Ross' pond, about erally fell harmless on the floor, except 100, Morse's pond, about 15 acres. The peeling his own knuckles. During this present head of boat navigation on Con- process, Sherman was dexterously plying necticut river is at the lower village in his ribs from beneath, when Thompson this town at McIndoe's falls. The prin- was soon heard to groan, and his blows becipal places of business are at this village, came palsied and without effect. Sherat the village at Stevens' mills, and the man then rolled him off, and, springing village at Randal's mills on the Passump-upon his feet, exultingly exclaimedsic river. Statistics of 1840.-Horses, 529; cattle, 2,898; sheep, 6,601; swine, 1,711; wheat, bush. 4,652; barley, 412; oats, 39,672; buckwheat, 559; Ind. corn, 6,780; rye, 203; potatoes, 66,410; hay, tons, 4,815; sugar, lbs. 19,670; wool, 12,229. Population, 2,030.

"There, the name is Barre, by God!" Accordingly a petition for the name Barre was presented, and sanctioned by the legislature the same year. The day following this encounter, Sherman called on Dr. Robert Paddock, the physician of the town, who was an eye-witness of the BARRE, a post town in the southeast transaction, and is still living, and who part of Washington county, lies in lati-related these particulars to the writude 44° 11' and longitude 4° 31', and ter, and requested him to extract from contains 31 square miles, or 19,900 acres. his back and posteriors the hemlock splinIt is bounded north by Montpelier and ters he had received while writhing on Plainfield, east by Orange, south by the plank floor. In 1788, Samuel Rogers

BARRE.

BARRE.

of the former. The Baptists, by reason of deaths and removals, are not known as a society in the town. The inhabitants of this town were remarkably healthy till the year 1795, when the scarlet fever or eanker rash made its appearance as an epidemic, and prevailed for about a year, during which time almost every child, some young people and several 30 or 40 years old had the disease, but it proved fatal only to children. From this time it was generally healthy till February, 1811, when the spotted fever made its appear

and John Goldsbury, one from Bradford, | village and fitted it up for a store, methe other from Hartland, Vt., with their chanic shops, &c. The Methodist sociefamilies, moved into this town and began ty is large and respectable, numbering converting the wilderness into farms. about 150 communicants, belonging to The next year a number of other families the town. They are usually supplied by eame in, and from this time the town set- stationed preachers, whose term of sertled rapidly by emigrants from Worcester vice is commonly two years. The Rev. county, Mass., and from New Hampshire John Currier is their present preacher. and Connecticut. The town was organ- A Universalist society was organized ized, March 11, 1793, and Joseph Dwight here soon after the commencement of the was first town-clerk. It was first repre- settlement. In 1808, the Rev. Paul Dean, sented in the General Assembly in 1796, now of Boston, was ordained over said by Asaph Sherman. The religious soci- society, but soon left the town. From eties are Congregationalists, Methodists, that time they had not regular preaching, and Universalists, each of which have a till the year 1821, when they settled the meeting house; the Congregational meet- Rev. John E. Palmer as their minister, ing house is 60 by 50 feet and was built and in 1822, they erected a brick meeting in 1808-it stands on an elevation one-house in the south or upper village. Of fourth of a mile east of the north or low- late they usually have preaching about er village, on the Road to Chelsea. The half the time on the Sabbath, and Mr. Rev. Aaron Palmer was ordained to the Palmer is employed in the neighboring pastoral care of the Congregational church towns. The number who nominally beFeb. 23, 1807. He was a pious and faith-long to the society is larger than either ful minister of Christ; but having a delicate constitution, he fell a victim to a quick consumption, which terminated his earthly career on the 7th of February, 1821. He lived beloved and died lamented. The next year the Rev. Justus W. French received a call by said church and society to settle as their minister, and was ordained May 23, 1822. He remained their pastor 10 years, and was dismissed on account of ill health. From this period till 1840, two other ministers were settled over said church and society, and dismissed by counsel, viz. Rev. Jo-ance, and soon became alarming. Those seph Thacher and Rev. James R. Wheelock. Rev. Andrew Royce, their present minister, received a call and was ordained as pastor over said church and society, Feb. 18, 1841. In 1840, a majority of the church and society, believing the location of the old meeting house to be inconvenient and unfavorable to their prosperity, built a new meeting house in the village, one-fourth of a mile west of the other; it is of brick, 65 by 44 feet, built in the modern style, and is a good building; this created some little dissention and alienation of feeling with a minority, but it is believed all are at present happily united. The members belonging to the Congregational church may be estimated at 180. In the year 1838, the Methodists built a new and elegant meeting house, in the lower village, 624 by 44 feet. It was built in the modern style and well finished, and has the appendage of a good bell. This and the other new meeting house stand about 15 rods apart. Previous to building the new, the society sold their old meeting house to a number of individuals who removed it to a central part of the

who did not recover seldom lived over 36 hours, and some died within 3 or 4 hours from the time they were attacked with the disease. The approach of warm weather put a stop to its ravages. In the winter of 1812 and '13, the inhabitants were visited by much the most fatal epidemic disease that has ever prevailed in the town-it was an inflamation of the lungs with a fever of the typhoid kind, commonly called pneumoniac Typhoides. The subjects of this disease were general. ly people of middle age, and many who were heads of families were swept off by it. It was much more fatal to males than to females. Warm weather put a stop to its ravages, and the people have since, with few exceptions, been remarkably healthy.* Dr. Robert Paddock from Connecticut, moved into this town in Aug., 1794, and for many years was the principal physician. There are, at present, three others. The soil is, in general, a dry warm loam, free from stone, and as

inclusive, wore as follows: 1808, 16; 1809, 16; 1810, 24; 1811, 33; 1812, 34; and 1813, 70.

*The number of deaths in Barre from 1808 to 1313

BARRE.

BARRE

camp, near the mouth of this stream, lying on a bed of beaver skins, with a tin kettle, containing herbs, probably for medicine, hanging over the place where he had built a fire. He was buried near the spot, and from him the branch received its name. Jail branch rises in Washington, [see Washington,] runs norther ly into Orange, thence westerly into Barre, and unites with Stevens' branch a little south of the lower village, and near the centre of the town. These streams, in their passage through the town, afford many excellent mill and other water privileges. There are two considerable villages in town, commonly denominated the upper and the lower, or Barre and south Barre. The lower village is situate about three-fourths of a mile northwesterly of the geographical centre of the town; and from its central situation, as the stage road from Royalton to Montpelier, and the stage road from Haverhill and Hanover, N. H., to Montpelier, form a junction here, it bids fair to become a place of considerable business. Within a few years this village has made considerable improvement. Twingsville, situate half a mile north of this, is a neat little village and has been built up within a few years, under the auspices of Mr. Twing; and from its proximity to this, may justly be said as belonging to it. In this village, united, there are two taverns, three stores, two houses of public worship, two school houses, one of which is 36 by 26 feet, two stories, built of brick; one starch factory, one clothier's shop one carding machine, one tin, stove-pipe and copper plate manufacturer, two shoe

well adapted to agricultural pursuits as any township in the county. The surface is uneven, but there are no elevations of much consequence except Cobble and Millstone hills, so called, the first in the easterly, the other in the southeast part of the town, each of which is made up of an almost solid mass of granite. The granite is of a light gray color, and is not surpassed by any in New England. Jail Branch washes the base of Cobble hill on the southwesterly side, from which it rises abruptly, and, in some places, almost perpendicularly to the height of about 500 feet. On the east, north and west, it subsides gradually to the adjoining farms, so as to be easy of ascent with teams, to its summit. The region here, mostly covered with granite rock, would, probably, form an area of about 200 acres. Millstone hill lies about a mile and a half south of Cobble hill-it is a much larger swell and probably rises higher than the former. It is of hemispherical form, and generally of regular ascent on all sides. The region of rock is greatest on the north and westerly part. This and the other hill contain inexhaustible quarries of this stone. The granite for the State House in Montpelier was taken wholly from these hills, and transported thither with teams; the distance from Cobble hill being 8, from the other 9 miles. The Pillars in front of said building were taken from Cobble hill. This granite is a source of profit to the individuals who own it, and as the country around advances in improvement and wealth, it is eagerly sought by those who can afford the expense, as a most durable and ornamental article in building. It is used for base-shops, four black smith shops, one tannements, or under-pinning, pilasters and caps for doors, caps and sills for windows, door steps, fence posts, acqueducts, and many other purposes. It is quarried from the rock by means of drilling and settling wedges fitted for the purpose, by which it is split to any length, thickness and depth, required. This stone, when wrought by skillful workmen is capable of receiving a smoothness nearly equal to marble; and there are a number of artists in the town who are engaged in working it. Large quantities of it are transported to Montpelier, Burlington and other parts of the country. The principal streams are Stevens' and Jail branches. Stevens' branch rises in Williamstown and runs north into Barre, and then takes a northwesterly course through a corner of Berlin,andunites with Winooski river between Berlin and Montpelier. Previous to the settlement of this town, a hunter by the name of Stevens was found dead in his

ry, one tailor shop, two plough makers, one wheel wright, also, a grist and saw mill, a foundry and factory for turning iron, which belong to Mr. Joshua Twing, and deserve a passing notice. This factory or machine shop is a spacious building of brick, 80 by 28 feet, two stories and does a good business in the line for which it was erected, which is, principally in finishing and polishing castings for mills, &c. and is the only factory of the kind in the state. In connexion with this building is a foundry, in which the largest mill irons are cast, after which, by operation of the machinery, (which is principally the invention of the owner,) they receive a trimming and polish not heretofore known in this part of the country. These castings, in the manner in which they are finished, have obtained great celebrity, not only in this state, but in the neighboring states. Many sets of these castings have found their way into Pennsylva