CHAP. III. Of the public institutions, and bodies for the purposes of trade, in Sweden. Of the Bank. East India company. West India company. College of commerce. Of trade. Marine society.-Company for diving and salvage. Course of exchange. Remarks on the national debt.- State of the trade of Sweden. - Amount of imports and exports of Great Britain to and from thence, from the year 1700 to 1805. Of the trade and navigation of Great Britain with Sweden, in the years 1800, 1801, and 1802 BOOK V. page 322 Of Denmark in general. Norway, and the dutchies of Holstein, Schleswig, and Jutland.-General observations on the importance of those dominions in the present time. The trade of Europe at present passing through them.-Pacific disposition of the Danish government. Of the circuitous navigation to the Baltic diminished, by passing through Holstein.-Its particular importance.- Produce of Denmark, Norway, &c. &c. - CHAP. II. Of the ports of Holstein and Schleswig.-Tonningen described; the best port during the blockade of the Elbe for the trade to Hamburg. Conveyance of merchandize from Tonningen to Hamburg, by different routes. New regulations of customs for ⚫the transit trade. - Roads now forming.-Husum, the station for the English packets, described. Route and mode of travelling from thence to Hamburg. — Kiel, Rendsburg, Altona, &c. &c. described CHAP. III. 330 . 336 Of the Holstein canal. - Its cost. Description. Dimensions for vessels which can pass through. Rules, regulations, and duties for shipping.-Table of duties for merchandize passing through, also for warehouse rent, at Rendsburg, if landed. Number of vessels which have passed through the canal each year, distinguishing foreign from Danish vessels CHAP. IV. Of the island of Zealand. - Its position. Remarks on its attack and the confederacy in 1801.-Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. Its localities. Its trade and navigation. The transit trade, moneys, weights, and measures -- CHAP. V. Of Elsineur. Remarks on the toll paid there. The wars it formerly occasioned. Prudence of merchants fixing with agents there to transact their business. - Table of duties on merchandize passing through the Sound.-The number of ships which passed the Sound from 1752 to 1792; and from that period, distinguishing the number of ships of each nation, in each year, till 1805. . 361 CHAP. VI. Of Norway. Its extent and productions.- Iron and copper mines.Salt work. — Fisheries. Quantity of fish caught and exported in 1790; also in 1802; specifying the ports from whence and where to... The details of the timber trade. - Alphabetical list of the principal Norwegian ports CHAP. VII. Of commercial institutions in Denmark. - Its Bank. - Asiatic company. West India 'company. Sea insurance company.-Transit trade. Salvage company and regu 370 - Tations. Late and present state of the Danish shipping. Number of ships built, and their lastage, in 1802. Table of the trade and navigation of Denmark in 1803. Imports and exports of Great Britain to and from Denmark and Norway, from 1700 to 1804.--Trade and navigation of Great Britain with Denmark, in 1800, 1801, and 1802. - General observations CHAP. VIII. page. 381. Of the aggregate of the Baltic trade. Its state, at the commencement of the French BOOK VI. Of Germany in general. -Remarks on the trade and navigation by the rivers Elbe, Weser, and Ems.- Description of the Silesian and German linens exported by way of Hamburg and Bremen, alphabetically arranged . - CHAP. II. Of the river Elbe. Its communication with other rivers and the interior. - How it might be extended. Of Hamburg. Its localities.-Sketch of its late and present state. List of ships arrived there, from all places, in 1802.-Tolls and duties payable there. Colonial produce imported in several years. — Linens brought into Hamburg from all places.-The Bank. - Account of grain imported and exported. -British factory. - Moneys, weights, and measures. Channels by which the trade of Hamburg is carried on during the blockade. — Alphabetical specification of goods imported into Hamburg from all places in 1802. CHAP. III. . 400. 412 Of the river Weser, and other rivers falling into it. The manner in which the trade CHAP. IV. Of the river Ems. Its short interior communication. - The Dollart. Its convenient situation for the Dutch trade. — Of Embden. A free port. Its trade. Establishment for fisheries. Number of vessels arriving.Increasing trade, arising from the blockade of the rivers Elbe and Weser. Its moneys, weights, and mea General observations on the blockade of the rivers Elbe and Weser. The new chan- -- Preliminary matter, relative to British commerce with the North of Europe, in being replaced by the cultivation of the internal resources of Great Britain and Ireland . . 454 Of the British linen manufacture. Of the quantity exported from Ireland. - Ex- posed for sale in Scotland. - Foreign imported. Of the cotton manufacture. Of British shipping, and the means of increasing it.-General observations relating thereto. British and foreign ships which have entered inwards, and cleared out- Conclusion.-Importance of the subject to all ranks of society.Recapitulation of what is to be done, the manner of doing it, and the necessity of doing it soon. 611 EUROPEAN COMMERCE, SHEWING NEW AND SECURE CHANNELS OF TRADE WITH THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE, &c. &c.. BOOK I. CHAP. I. Of the Facility of carrying on Commerce with the Interior of the Continent, by Means of the Baltic Sea and the North of Germany, where it flourished earlier than in England, France, or Holland; illustrated with an Account of the Rise and Progress of Commerce in those Parts. -Of the Hanseatic Towns.—The Armed Neutrality of 1780.—The Convention between the Northern Powers and Great Britain, in 1801. The Present State of those Countries. THE British nation, in the plenitude of commercial success, must naturally feel as all nations, and all bodies politic, and all individuals do, in similar circumstances. It must feel bold and confident, but it should be attentive to avoid becoming rash to risk, or negligent to preserve that happy pre-eminence to which it has attained. The history of all nations shews that wealth and prosperity are much more easily obtained than they are preserved; for, though many nations have risen to wealth and power, yet, no one has yet found the art of preserving them for any great length of time. B The case is a very natural one, for commerce brings with it affluence and habits of thinking and acting that are contrary to that disposition to save and to produce, from which all wealth is originally derived. But, if the example of all other nations; if the history of the world, for three thousand years, be not sufficient to inculcate this principle; let us look to the care and pains with which our ancestors laboured to procure us those blessings we now enjoy:- Let the example of Edward III. Henry VII. Elizabeth, and, (with a few exceptions,) of all their successors, and of the members of both houses of parliament, have some influence; at least, let us not imagine that Britain has become flourishing, without great attention and care, and then we shall certainly have the good sense to conceive that attention and care are necessary to preserve, what they were so essential to create. At the present time, the prosperity of this empire is attacked altogether in a new way. Our enemy, the most bitter one we ever had, aims at increasing our expenses, and diminishing our means of supporting them, as the surest way of bringing on our ruin; and it is a fact, that, with regard to the whole of the south of Europe, our commerce is at a stand. It is totally interrupted. It is now only by the channels of which we are about to treat, that we can supply the continent of Europe, either with British manufactures or colonial produce. The channels are some of them new, and others of great antiquity. They are important, and not yet generally understood; it is, therefore, natural and reasonable to expect the attention of all such as are anxious for the commercial success of this nation, or who are connected with that important source of our prosperity. For the better understanding the subject, and that the mind of the reader may be more fully impressed with the necessity of attending to the northern channels of trade, some details will be given, tending to illustrate the progress by which this nation, and the nations of the North, have arrived at their present state; what are their interests; where they agree, and where they are opposed to each other. Some observations will be found, tending to shew that the nations of the North have not looked on this country, and its commercial pros |