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meaning the Palladium itself. -179. Quod avexere, which (says Sinon) they have carried away over (on) the sea. This is not the statement of Calchas, which would have been quoted indirectly here, and therefore in the subjunc tive mood, but the language of Sinon himself. Some, less naturally, I think, take avexere in the sense of brought from Greece; understanding by numen the divine favor.180. Quod petiere-parant, as to the fact that they have sought-(it is because) they are preparing. H. 540, IV, n.; A. 333, a ; B. 292, c, G. 525, R. 2; M. 398, b, obs. 2.- -181. Arma, deos; i. e., re-enforcements for war and the favor of the gods.- -183. Moniti, being instructed; namely, by Calchas. Pro, in place of. Here Sinon comes to the most delicate part of his story; he must give a plausible reason both for the building of the horse, and for its vast size, and he must make such suggestions as shall induce the Trojans to take it into the city. -184. Quae piaret, to atone for. See on I, 20.- -185, 186. The emphasis is on immensam, which should be joined to attollere. They were not only advised to build this in place of the Palladium, but to build it of vast dimensions, so that the Trojans might not get it into the city to serve as a new Palladium, and that they might be tempted through suspicion to lay violent hands upon it, and thus incur the anger of Minerva.- -186. Roboribus; the means of attollere. Caelo; dative for ad caelum. See on Latio, I, 6.187. Portis; the abl. of way or route. M. 274. Moenia; for urbem. The present possit after jussit may be explained as Sinon's allegation; but it is probably a mistake of the copyist for posset.188. Neu, or lest. Antiqua sub religione; under the same religious security as that which they had enjoyed under the Palladium.189. Nam violasset, for (said Calchas) if your hand should violate; this is the continuation, in the oblique form, of what Calchas had stated. Saying, thinking, etc., are often implied in the foregoing verb, as here in iussit. For the subjunctive, see on 94.- -190. Omen; metonymy for the fate or destruction indicated by the omen. Ipsum refers to Calchas.probably not, as Forbiger takes it, from far, but of its own accord, spontaneously; i. e., without waiting to be again attacked.194. Nostros refers to the Greeks. Ea fata, such fates, namely, as the exitium in 190. This calamity would await the posterity of the Greeks, if the horse should be received into the city by the Trojans.- -198. Mille; a round number. The II., II, 924, sqq., makes the number of the Grecian ships 1,186. -199. Hic. See on 122. Maius; even a greater event than the adventure of Sinon.201. Ductus sorte. Though priest of Apollo, Laocoon had been appointed by lot on this day to make sacrifices to Neptune.-202. Sollemnis, customary, ritual, sacrificial. -203. Ecce. Comp. 57. Gemini, two; implying similarity. Comp. I, 162. A Tenedo. They come from Tenedos as an omen that the enemy is coming from its concealment there to destroy the city.204. Immensis orbibus; an ablative of description, limiting angues.

-193. Ultro;

205. Incumbunt pelago; translate in connection with tranquilla per alta; swim along the tranquil waters pressing upon the sea. Pariter, side by side. Tendunt; as in I, 205.- -207. Sanguineae, bloody; of the color of blood. Pars cetera; all except the head and breast. Pontum pone legit, courses the sea behind.- 208. Sinuatque, in connection with legit may be translated as a present participle, curving. Volumine, in a fold, in folds, meaning the undulating curves made by the long bodies of serpents in propelling themselves over the waves. -209. Spumante salo; ablative of instrument. Arva, the shores.- -210. Oculos. See on I, 228.- -212. Visu exsangues, terrified by the sight. Agmine certo, in an undeviating course; indicating that they had been sent by a higher power expressly to destroy Laocoon, and were not merely seeking for prey. Agmen is also used of the motion of a snake in V, 90.215. Morsu depascitur, devours.216. Post; adverbially for postea. Ipsum refers to Laocoon. Auxilio is a dative of the end or purpose.

See on I, 22.- -218. Medium; supply eum; around his body. Collo, around his neck. For the dative, see H. 384, II, 2; A. 225, d; B. 240, a; G. 348; M. 260, b.-219. Superant, rise above him. Capite, with the head; with their heads. Comp. volumine, 208, and similar examples of the singular in I, 579; VII, 392; IX, 721; X, 334. Cervicibus altis, with their necks (stretched on)

high.

Laocoon.

Taurus in prose would stand

-221. Vittas. See on I, 228.- -223. Qualis mugitus, (such) bellowings as the bull raises when he has fled, etc. in the relative clause, thus: qualis mugitus taurus tollit. Comp. I, 316 and 430. If Vergil was familiar with the famous

statue of Laocoon, now pre

served in the Vatican, he chose rather, with true poetic taste, to transfer the spirit of that great work to his description than to adhere to the original in respect to all its details.225. At; în transition. Comp. I, 267. Delubra summa, the lofty shrine; the same as the arx in 226. Tritonidis. See Dict. Arcem for templum. It was situated on the summit of the Acropolis.227. Sub pedibus. The statues of Minerva are draped to the feet (see page 39), and some, as the Minerva Medica in the Vatican, have a snake coiled at the feet; and in some, as the Minerva Salutifera, also in the Vatican, there are two serpents represented. Vergil conceives of a statue of the goddess still remaining in the temple, after the Palladium had been stolen.228, 229. Novus pavor, new terror; no longer apprehension for our personal safety, as in 212, but fear of the goddess who has punished Laocoon, and thus shown the danger of committing any outrage upon the wooden horse. Cunctis. For the dative, see H. 398; A. 235, a,; B. 244; G. 343, R. 2; M. 241, obs. 3. Insinuat; supply se. Scelus expendisse; for sceleris poenam solvisse. -231. Laeserit. For the mood, see on I, 388. Tergo, for corpori. -232. Ad sedes, to the shrine. -233. Conclamant, exclaim with one voice. -234. We divide the walls and throw open the bulwarks of the city. Others understand by moenia the buildings within the walls. The Trojans are here supposed to throw down that part of the wall which forms the top and sides of the Scaean gate. Comp. 242, where the term portae would seem to indicate that the horse was carried in through one of the gates of Troy.- -235, Accingunt; supply se; apply themselves. Comp. 1, 210. Rotaram lapsus, the movements of wheels; for the simple term rotas. Comp. I, 301. Collo, about the neck; dative. Comp. IV, 506.. -237. Scandit, climbs or mounts; a bold figure, indicating the difficulties overcome in conducting the wooden horse through the walls and to the summit of the citadel. Comp. VI, 515.238. Armis for armatis, as in I, 506. For the ablative, see H. 421, II; A. 248, c; B. 258; G. 289, R. 3; M. 268, a.- -239. Sacra canunt. Hymns were sung at the sacred festivals of the Romans by choirs of boys and girls. -240. The dat. urbi is governed by illabitur. Minans, towering; as in I, 162; IV, 88. -242. Dardanidam. See on I, 565.- -243. Substitit, halted. Stumbling on the threshold was considered an evil omen. Utero; the ablative of situation. The shock of the sudden halt caused the weapons of the Greeks secreted within the horse to clash and rattle.244. Instamus. Comp. I, 423, and below 491. Immemores, caeci, thoughtless and blind in respect to the circumstances which should have awakened suspicion: the stumbling of the horse and the noise of the arms from within. Sistere is followed by the accusative with in, or by the ablative either with or without in. Comp. X, 323.-246. Tunc etiam, then also as an additional warning. Credita is better joined with ora than with Cassandra. For the dative Teucris, see on ulli, 1, 440.- -248. Esset. The relative clause gives the reason why they should be called miseri. See on I, 388; and comp. V, 624. But some make it concessive. See on IV, 536. -249. Velamus. See on I, 417.

250-437. While the city is buried in slumber, the Grecian fleet returns silently from the island of Tenedos, and Sinon, seeing the signal torch on board the ship of Agamemnon, opens the wooden horse. The leaders issue forth and commence the attack on the city, setting fire to it in various places, with the aid of Sinon, and are soon joined by their whole army at the Scaean gate. Aeneas is warned of the danger in a dream by the shade of Hector, and is roused from sleep by the increasing noise of the conflict and of the flames. He arms himself and hastens from the palace of his father, and, being joined by Coroebus and other warriors, undertakes to defend the city. After a momentary success his party is defeated, Coroebus and others are slain, and he is left with only two companions, with whom he proceeds to the palace of Priam.

250. Vertitur. The sky itself is conceived to revolve, while the earth stands still. Ruit oceano, ascends from the ocean, i. e., Night rises in her

chariot from the eastern ocean when the sun sinks in the west. Comp. V, 721; and for this sense of ruit, VI, 539; VIII, 369.-252. Myrmidonum by synecdoche for Graiorum. Dolos refers especially to the stratagem of the wooden horse. Per moenia, throughout the city; not here the fortifications merely.- -254. Phalanx; here for host or army. Instructis navibus, their ships being drawn up in order. They would advance in regular array, in order to be ready for an enemy, and to effect a simultaneous landing.255. Amica-lunae, the friendly stillness of the silent moon; friendly, or favorable to the projects of the Greeks. Lunae, of the moonlight night. According to the post-Homeric tradition, Troy was taken at the time of full moon. We should infer from 340, 360, 397, 420, etc., that the moon was sometimes shining, and sometimes obscured.- -256. Nota, well known; for the Grecks had been ten years encamped upon the shores.- -257. Extulerat, etc.; intensive for the perfect: suddenly raised the signal flame; the signal by which Sinon was to understand when to open the horse. Defensus, protected from discovery in his nocturnal movements.- -258. Utero. For the case, comp. 19 and 45.- -259. Laxat. This verb is adapted to both objects, Danaos and claustra, by zeugma: releases the Greeks, and loosens the bolts. H. 636, II, 1; A. p. 298; B. 370, a, 2; G. 690; M. 478, obs. 3. The natural order of the ideas is also reversed. This license, which is termed hysteron proteron, is defined in H. 636, V; B. 370, d, 2.- -260. Se promunt; for prodeunt. Robore. See on Italiam, I, 2. -262. Demissum per funem, over (or along) a rope let down.- -263. Primus. This should probably be understood literally, and then would only show that the speaker, in mentioning the names rapidly, was reminded at the moment when this one occurred, that he was said to have issued first from the horse.--264. Doli fabricator, maker of the treacherous work. He was directed by Minerva. See 15. -265. Sepultam. Comp. 253; III, 630; VI, 424.- -266. Portis; ablative of the route. See on 187. Omnis socios; those who have just landed from the ships.-267. Conscia, confederate; implying that those already in the city and those just arrived have a mutual understanding of the plan of attack. -268. Comp. IV, 522. Aegris, sorrow-laden; said of men, as compared with the gods.- -269. Dono divom, by the blessing of the gods; ablative, cause of serpit. -270. In somnis, in slumber. Comp. 302. Aeneas is repeatedly favored with warnings by visions and dreams.271. Largos fletus, a flood of tears. Comp. I, 465.- -272. Raptatus bigis, ut quondam, (appearing) as formerly, after being dragged by the chariot. Aeneas had seen the corpse of Hector in this condition after it had been brought back to Troy by Priam. The ghosts of the slain are conceived to appear like their disfigured and mutilated bodies. See VI, 494.-273. Per tumentis; for loris per pedes tumentis traiectis. Lora; the Greek accusative, used with somewhat more boldness than usual, as it is applied not to a part of the person, as in I, 589, nor even to the dress, as I, 320. The ordinary Greek accusative here would have been pedes, accompanied by loris in the ablative. -274. Ei mihi. H. 389, n. 2; B. 244, R. 2; G. 340, R. 2; M. 236, obs. 2. Qualis refers to the appearance of Hector's person. -275. Redit. The present in vivid narration. H. 467, III; A. 276, d; B. 58; G. 220; M. 336. Qui redit may be rendered returning. Exuvias, the spoils; those, namely, which had been taken from the body of Patroclus, whom Hector had slain in battle, and who had worn the armor of his friend Achilles. Hence, they are called here "the spoils of Achilles." For the accusative, sce H. 377 A. 225, d: B. 219; G. 332, R. 2; M. 237.-276. Iaculatus, after he had hurled. The attack on the Grecian ships, here alluded to, described in II. XV, 392, sqq. Puppibus, upon the ships; dative. The ships were drawn up from the water, with the sterns toward the land, and surrounded on the land side by fortifications.- -278. Quae plurima. See on I,

is

419. The wounds are those wantonly inflicted on the dead body of Hector by the Greeks (see II. XXII, 369-375), and the mutilations received when it was dragged by the chariot of Achilles. Ultro; comp. 193; at once; without waiting to be first spoken to by the ghost; join with compellare. Flens ipse, myself also weeping; as well as he.-282. Morae. In his dream Aeneas does not realize that Hector is dead, but fancies that he has been

Hector.

long absent, and anxiously waited for.- -283. Exspectate; vocative by attraction for the nominative. H. 369, 3; A, 241, 6; B. 210, 3; G. 324, R. 1; M. 299, b, obs. 2. Ut, how; i. e., how gladly; or else, with Thiel, how is it that; join with aspicimus. -287. Nihil; the object of respondit understood. Nec-moratur, nor regards my useless inquiries.- -289. Heu fuge. Comp. III, 44.290. A culmine, from the summit; from top to bottom; like the Homeric kaт' äкρns, II. XIII, 772. Comp. below, 603.- -291. Satdatum; "enough has been done by thee, Aencas, for the country and for Priam." So Heyne. Perhaps, however, the sense is, enough has been given by the fates; the destinies of Priam and of Troy are satisfied or fulfilled. So sat fatis Venerique datum; IX, 135. (Qua) dextra, by (any) right hand; by human prowess. -292. Hao, with this; with mine. For the subjunc tive imperf. and plup. after si, see H. 510; A. 308; B. 306, c; G. 599, R. M. 347, b.293. Sacra. Supply sua. A limiting word pertaining equally to two substantives is sometimes expressed only with the last. Comp. surgentem, I, 366. The Penates of Troy are those which pertain to the whole state in common, as distinguished from those of individual families.

1;

-294. Comites, as companions, in apposition with hos. His; dative. Moenia; for urbem.- -295. The order is: quae magna, ponto pererrato, denique statues. Comp. III, 159. The city referred to here is Lavinium, at least primarily; though the poet seems to have Rome in mind, as the ultimate offspring of Lavinium.-296, 297. The vision seems (comp. I, 358) to bring the figure of Vesta with the fillets round her head, and other things which pertained to her worship, from the penetralia, or sanctuary of the house; thus indicating that Aeneas will soon be called upon (see 320) to

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