105 Mnestheus. Comp. 210. Possunt videntur, they can, because they think (videntur) they can.- -233. Ponto, to (or towards) the sea; for ad pontum. Comp. I, 6. Utrasque. The plural is properly used only when each of the two objects referred to is plural; but exception is made, as here, when they are things naturally associated.witness to his vows. -234. In vota, to his vows; to bear A vow, or conditional promise, was attached to a prayer; some offering was to be made on condition that the gods should fulfill the wishes of the suppliant. If the prayer is answered, he will be bound to fulfill his promise; defendant of his vow, bound by his vow, reus, or damnatus voti. -235. Aequora. See on I, 67. note 2; A. 220, a; B. 236; G. 204, R.; M. 290, d. -237. Voti. H. 410, III, used especially in religious formulas.-238. Porriciam; a term hand; as below, 487. -241. Manu magna, with his great Gods and heroes were larger than men. Euntem; join with navem understood.- -243. Fugit, condidit. This combination of the historical present with the perfect, without any important difference of meaning, is not unfrequent in poetry. Alto, i. e., deep inland, or in the deep bosom of the bay; receding.- -244. Cunctis ; all, that is, who had been engaged in the contest. Optare, ferre. See on I, 66. There are several -247, 248. bullocks ready for presents and prizes (see 366), three of which he allows each of the commanders to choose for his crew; beginning, of course, with Cloanthus.. -248. There is also a present of wine and of silver for each of the Melicertes, or Portunus. 252. Two scenes are represented; one the chase, in which Ganymede is hunting the stag on Mount Ida; in the other the eagle of Jupiter is bearing Ganymede up to the sky.panting in the chase. The picture is life-like. -254. Anhelanti similis, like one eagle was often represented as bearing in his claws the thunderbolts of Ju-255. Iovis armiger. The piter.- -256. Longaevi. The old men, guardians of the youth, are stretching their hands in despair towards the eagle as he ascends, while the dogs, resting on their haunches, bark furiously at the supposed bird of prey. 257. In auras; because they are looking upwards. Mnestheus.- -259. Hamis consertam, etc. See on the same words, III, 467. -258. Qui deinde ; -260. Ipse Aeneas. See on III, 211.. -261. The o in Ilio is retained, and made short. -262. Habere; for habendam. Viro; in apposition with -264. Multiplicem, with its heavy folds; emphatic and explaining vix. -265. Cursu, in swift pursuit; join with agebat.terial, abl. after perfecta, well made. Aspera signis; embossed with figures.— -267. Argento; the ma-269. Taeniis; scanned here as a dissyllable. literally, disabled in respect to one row. But nearly all the best commenta-271. Ordine debilis uno; tors take ordine here for latere; in respect to one side of the ship. By a natural figure, quite frequent in nautical phrase, the captain, instead of the ship, is said to be crippled (debilis). Thus seamen say, topsail, ," "he is taking in sail," and the like. he has lost his 16 -273. Qualis. Comp. I, 430. huic. and note. Saepe; as in I, 148. Viae in aggere; on the raised pavement of the road. The entire surface of the road is an agger.- -274. Obliquum, lying across the track. Ictu; join with gravis.- -275. Saxo; join with both adjectives, seminecem and lacerum. -276-279. Nequiquam-plicantem, in vain throws forth long wreaths with his body, while attempting to flee; in one part fierce and glowing with his eyes, and stretching high his hissing Ganymede and the eagle. (From a statue by Leochares.) neck; (the other) part crippled by the wound, holds him back (though) struggling (to force himself forward) on his coils (nodis), and winding himself into his own folds. -279. Nixantem refers to the action of the unwounded portion of his body first described; with this he vainly struggles to pull himself along by throwing it into contortions, while he twists the joints (membra) of the wounded part, or part below the wound, into themselves; i. e., into coil within coil. Nexantem, adopted in many editions for nixantem, has inferior MS. authority. Nixantem is used by Lucretius, 6, 836, 3, 1000, with the same meaning (to struggle), and is needed here to complete the picture. Nodis, knots, curving joints, denotes the alternate contraction and extension of the joints, either vertical or horizontal, which in the snake are the means of motion, and which, in this case, when he is struggling violently, rise into large undulating knots.-281. Vela facit, unfurls the sails; for dat, or pandit vela.282. Promisso munere. No particular reward has been mentioned in the narrative, but we may infer from 305 that in the ship race, also, none was to go unrewarded.- -284. Datur lengthens the last syllable here. Operum Minervae; the use of the needle, distaff, and loom. -285. Genus; Greek acc. 286-361. Description of the foot-race. Aeneas chooses a meadow, encircled by wooded hills, as a circus, or stadium. He invites all who wish to make trial of their speed in a foot-race to present themselves. The most prominent competitors are Nisus, Euryalus, Diores, Salius, Patron, Helymus, and Panopes. Nisus takes the lead, Salius is next, and third Euryalus, followed by Helymus and Diores. Near the goal Nisus falls down, but gives the victory to his friend Euryalus by tripping up Salius. Helymus takes the second prize, and Diores the third. The idea of the footrace is suggested by II. XXIII, 740–797. 287, 288. Quem-silvae, which woods surrounded on all sides with curving hills; which wood-covered hills encircled. Ruaeus makes the abl. elliptical, denoting place: (situated) on winding hills; others, abl. of instrument. -288. In valle theatri; in the midst of a valley which resembled a theatre; the same as cavea, 340. Most commentators, however, join theatri with circus.- -290. Consessu; dative for in consessum. -291. Qui. The antecedent is eorum understood.- -296. Nisus--pueri, Nisus (distinguished) for his affectionate love for the boy (Euryalus).299. Ab. See on I, 730. -300." Helymus was a friend of Acestes, mentioned above, 73.- -307. Caelatam, mounted or embossed, with silver; probably having a wooden handle embossed, or inlaid, with figures in silver. Ferre; for ferrendam, as in 248, 262. -308. Praemia, prizes; to be distinguished here from honos, the present which was to be common to all.-310. Phaleris insignem, adorned with trappings. These were straps of leather mounted with metallic ornaments, and fastened about the breast, neck, and head of the horse.- -311, 312. Amazoniam, Threiciis; general appellatives here, signifying such as Amazons and Thracians use; for both races were renowned as archers.- -312. Lato auro; abl. of description; of broad gold; that is, broad and gilded. Circumplectitur. The belt, as seen in some antique representations of the quiver, passes round the quiver, and the two ends are joined together by the buckle, or brooch. See page 27.313. Tereti gemma, of, or with, tapering jewel; a jeweled clasp. The ablative as auro, above.cum; the place for starting. Comp. 132.- -316. Corripiunt spatia, they rush upon the course; "take the track." Comp. 145, and I, 418. Limen, the starting-point.- -317. Ultima signant, they mark the farthest point; that is, with the eye; for without fixing the eye on the goal, they may turn from a direct line.- -318. Corpora; nicely chosen here for the persons themselves. -319. Fulminis alis. The thunderbolt was often represented on coins, with wings.-Heync.-321. Deinde is joined with insequitur understood; post with relicto, governing eum understood.- -323. Quo sub ipso, close behind whom. Ipse here, as in III, 5, implies directly, immediately. Calcem calce, and even now rubs heel with heel; i. e., foot with foot; almost abreast of Helymus, lacking only a pace of it.- -325. Umero; dat. towards his shoulder; i. e., the shoulder or side of Helymus. So Ruaeus and Heyne. The passage is suggested by II. XXIII, 764. Spa i plura; for plus spatii. Supersint relinquat. "The poets sometimes use the pres. subj. even instead of the plup." M. 347, b, obs. 3. -326. Ambiguum Heyne regards as masculine, translating, would have left him (Helymus) uncertain (of the victory); -315. Lo -324. but it is generally taken as an indefinite neuter: he would have left it (the thing, or the result) uncertain. -que, found in most of the MSS. instead of-ve, is inconsistent with the foregoing transeat prior, unless we adopt the very unnatural translation: "And would have left the (now) doubtful (Helymus) behind.”. -327. Spatio extremo, in the farthest part of the course; the ultima mentioned in 317. The race seems to have terminated here, and not to have turned back from the goal, as in the regular circus.- -328. Sub finem, near to the end; defining more precisely the preceding words. Levi sanguine, in smooth, that is, slippery, blood; the ablative of situation. Victims had been slaughtered on the spot, as is implied in sacro, 333.329. Ut possibly local here and equivalent to ubi, but more safely taken as causal, since. Forte. It so happened that, when they were slaughtering bullocks, the blood had soaked the ground in this part of the race-course. -330. Fusus (erat), had been poured out. Super; adverb.-331, 332. Presso solo is the ablative absolute denoting time. When once his foot had pressed this treacherous spot, he instantly slipped and fell headlong. 334. Ille; in apposition with the foregoing subject, as in I, 3.- -336. Revolutus, rolled over. Spissa harena, on the slimy sand.- -337. Euryalus lengthens the last syllable here.- -338. Plausu, fremitu; abl. of manner. -339. Nunc; emphatic; now that Nisus and Salius are thrown out.340. Caveae ingentis, of the vast theatre; the vallis theatri. See 288.340, 341. Ora prima, the front seats of the fathers. The senators at Rome occupied the seats in front; so now the nobles and elders were seated in front of the multitude.- -344. Veniens virtus, his merit presenting itself. -349. Palmam-nemo, no one moves the prize from the (determined) order, The prizes were to be given to those who should come out first, second, and third, with no other condition specified.- -352. Aureis; here, a dissyllable. 31. -354. Niso; an emphatic substitute for mihi. Comp. II, 79, and IV,, -357. Simul his dictis. H. 437, 2; A. 261, b, B. 179, R. 1; G. 418, R.; M. 172, obs. 3.- -358. Olli. Comp. I, 254. -359. Artis; the acc. pl. in apposition with clypeum.- -360. Danais; dative of the agent after refixum. See on I, 326. The Greeks had taken the shield from a temple of Neptune, and, perhaps, it had come into the hands of Acneas through Helenus.361. Hoc munere. H. 384, II, 2; A. 225, d; B. 258; G. 348; M. 260, b. 362-494. The pugilistic contest is next described. Dares, a Trojan, presents himself as the challenger, but at first no one is disposed to compete with him. Then an old Sicilian of Trojan descent, Entellus, is induced by his friend Acestes to enter the lists. They put on the gauntlets furnished by Aeneas, and begin the fight. Entellus at first stands on the defensive, and merely parries or avoids the blows of his more nimble antagonist. At last the old man aims a blow with immense effort at Dares, who adroitly turns aside, leaving Entellus to fall headlong by the impetus of his own motion. Entellus, thus roused by shame and revenge, rises from the ground, attacks Dares with fury, and gains the victory. The description is suggested by II. XXIII, 651-699. 362. Peregit. For the tense, see on postquam, I, 216.- -363. Animus praesens, a prompt spirit.- -364. Evinctis palmis, the palms being bound; i e., with the caestus; not a boxing-glove" covering the hand, but a coil of leather thongs, filled with lead or iron, and bound around the palm and wrist, and sometimes extending to the elbow.- -366. Auro is, perhaps, best referred to the practice of gilding the horns; and velatum explained as a zeugma. -370. Paridem. The post-Homeric poets represent Paris as a hero excelling in agility, strength, and the use of weapons.tumulum; at the funeral games in honor of Hector. Quo, in which; abl. Comp. I, 547.- -373. Veniens se ferebat, etc., who, descending from the Bebrycian race of Amycus, boasted himself; freely translated, who boasted of his descent from, etc. As in II, 377, III, 310, the participle agrees with the -371. Ad subject, yet virtually modifies the predicate as if in the accusative. I have given the more usual translation of this passage, assigning to veniens a meaning quite unauthorized. Perhaps the following may be more correct: Who, coming (to the contest), gave himself out (to be) of the Bebrycian family of Amycus. Amyci. Amycus, king of the Bebrycians, compelled all strangers to contend with him, until at length he was killed by Pollux, who had landed with the other Argonauts in Bithynia.—375. Prima; a substitute for primus; first presented himself. So Forbiger; but some understand it more literally: the beginning (of battles, or of the fight).381. Aeneas; better the dative than the genitive.- -384. Finis; not here purpose, but time; what will be the end of delaying? Usque; separated from quo by tmesis.- -385. Ducere. Supply me as the subject.Gravis for graviter. -388. Ut consederat, as (by chance) he had seated himself. -389. Frustra; in vain, if, after all, you suffer another to carry away the prize on the present occasion.- -391. Nobis; a dativus ethicus; where, now, is that god of ours?-395. Senecta is joined by Ruaeus with hebet; by some with gelidus, which the rhythm seems rather to require.397. Qua is governed by fidens. H. 425, 1, 1), n. ; A. 254, b; B. 257; G. -387. 345, R. 1; M. 264. Caestus. -400. Nec dona moror, nor do I regard the gifts. Deinde. See on 14. -402. In proelia; join with ferre. Quibus. Forbiger supplies indutus; some make it an abl. of instrument.- 403. Duroque intendere tergo is equivalent to duro intendens tergo. For other examples of this idiom, see III, 355; IV, 257.- -404, Tantorum with boum conveys the same notion as if it were tam qualifying ingentia.- -406. Longe recusat, shrinks far back. So Ladewig.- 407, 408. Pondus-versat, tries the weight of the |