EXHIBITING THE AFFINITY AND EXTENT OF LANGUAGE, WHICH IS FOUND TO PREVAIL IN ALL THE ISLANDS OF THE EASTERN SEA, AND DERIVED FROM THAT SPOKEN ON THE CONTINENT OF ASIA, IN THE COUNTRY OF THE MALAYES. N.B. The Malaye being considered as the root, three specimens of its Numerals stand separate at the top of the Table. The derivative branches are ranged and numbered, according to the longitudinal situation of the several places, proceeding from Madagascar, the most western boundary, eastward to Easter Island. In the instances marked with a star, liberty has been taken to separate the Article from the Numeral. XXXVI. Marquesas. *A Tahce One, Three, Five, Eight, Ten, A Toroa A Aeema A Ono A Wheetoo A Eeva XXXII. Eooa Tooroa A Faa Cook, end of vol. iii. XXXIII. Sandwich Islands. Whannahoo, and XXXIV. Tohe Rooa Torhoa ANDERSON'S Vocab. Ha Il Lemi Whaine Hitoo Wallhoa Iva XXXVIII. XXXVII. Rooa Ha, and Fa ELEC Bo Na Bo Hiddoo Reema Bo Nahoo SAtta Hooroo FORSTER'S Obs. p. 284. Cook, end of vol. iii. 4to ed. FORSTER'S Obs. p. 284. PARKINSON, p. 64. XXXV. *A Tahay E Rooa Toroo A Haa A Ono A Heitoo A Eeva A Hooroo Cook, end of vol. iii. 4to ed. XXXIX. Rooa Toroo Haa Reena Ana Hooroo APPENDIX. BEFORE proceeding to offer in detail, as we propose, a brief sketch of the remarkable changes in the condition of the several countries which were either in the first instance discovered by Cook, as the Sandwich Islands—or, respecting which we are chiefly indebted to his researches for our most authentic early information, as New Zealand, it may be useful to give a rapid survey of the progress of maritime discovery in the fields which he traversed, both before, and since, his yet unequalled labours. In his first voyage, commenced in August 1768, and terminating in July 1771, we may recollect, that besides fulfilling the scientific duties which were the immediate cause of the voyage, he discovered the Society Islands; circumnavigated and made a wonderfully accurate survey of New Zealand, which was before very imperfectly known; explored the eastern coast of New Holland for a space comprising twenty-seven degrees of latitude, or upwards of two thousand miles, and passing through Endeavour Strait, determined the disputed question of the insularity of New Guinea :-that in his second voyage, the most arduous of his expeditions, he settled the long-debated problem of a supposed Southern continent, which in the fancies of mere theorists was held to be necessary as a due counterpoise to the preponderance of land in the Northern hemisphere. For although more modern discoveries have ascertained that a Southern continent does exist, yet it is not the continent of the theorists, its utmost possible dimensions falling far short of what they contended for as indispensable. New Caledonia, Georgia, and Sandwich Land were also discovered during this remarkable voyage, in the course of which, the efficacy of the precautions adopted by Cook for the preservation of his ships' crews were severely tested, yet in which, out of the full complement of both ships, only four were lost, and but one of them by sickness. The third voyage, although defeated in its main object, the discovery of the North-West Passage, was, like the former, attended with unexampled success. The shores of Behring's Strait, not only on the American, but on the Asiatic side, were traced and laid down to a greater extent and with far greater accuracy than had been before attempted even by the Russians, who claimed a country, the true boundaries of which were first made known to them by the researches of Cook. His account of Nootka Sound first led to a knowledge of the resources of the North-Western shores of America, and the value of a fur trade with China and the whole was crowned by the important, but, alas! fatal discovery of the Sandwich Islands, a subject which even now we cannot revert to without painful feelings. Dr. Douglas, who edited the original edition of Cook's Third Voyage, prefixed a lengthy introduction, in which he traced the career of discovery up to his time. This we had at first intended to give entire, but after consideration suppressed, much of being rendered unnecessary by the present extension of our knowledge. But such facts as are really useful we shall introduce in this place, to which indeed they more properly belong. For nearly two centuries and a half the greater part of that immense expanse, known as the Pacific Ocean, particularly to the South of the Equator, had remained unexplored. Magalhaens' voyage was undertaken in 1519. But, observes Dr. Douglas, "The great aim of Magalhaens, and of the Spaniards in general, its first navigators, being merely to arrive, by this passage, at the Moluccas, and the other Asiatic Spice Islands, every intermediate part of the ocean that did not lie contiguous to their western trac which was on the north side of the Equator, of course escaped due examination; and if Mendana and Quiros, and some nameless conductors of voyages before them, by deviating from this track, and holding a westerly one from Callao, within the Southern tropic, were so fortunate as to meet with various islands there, and so sanguine as to consider those islands as marks of the existence of a neighbouring Southern continent; in the exploring of which they flattered themselves they should rival the fame of De Gama and Columbus; these feeble efforts never led to any effectual disclosure of the supposed hidden mine of the New World. On the contrary, their voyages being conducted without a judicious plan, and their discoveries being left imperfect without immediate settlement, or subsequent examination, and scarcely recorded in any well-authenticated or accurate narrations, had been almost forgot; or were so obscurely remembered, as only to serve the purpose of producing perplexing debates about their situation and extent; if not to suggest doubts about their very existence. "It seems, indeed, to have become a very early object of policy in the Spanish councils to discontinue and to discourage any farther researches in that quarter. Already masters of a larger empire on the continent of America than they could conveniently govern, and of richer mines of the precious metals on that continent than they could convert into use, neither avarice nor ambition furnished reasons for aiming at a fresh accession of dominions. And thus, though settled all along the shores of this ocean, in a situation so commodious for prosecuting discoveries throughout its wide extent, the Spaniards remained satisfied with a coasting intercourse between their own ports; never stretching across the vast gulph that separates that part of America from Asia, but in an unvarying line of navigation; perhaps in a single annual ship, between Acapulco and Manilla. "The tracks of other European navigators of the South Pacific Ocean were, in a great. measure, regulated by those of the Spaniards; and consequently limited within the same narrow bounds. With the exception, perhaps, of two instances only, those of Le Maire and Roggewein, no ships of another nation had entered this sea, through the Strait of Magalhaens, or round Cape Horn, but for the purposes of clandestine trade with the Spaniards, or of open hostility against them: purposes which could not be answered, without precluding any probable chance of adding much to our stock of discovery. For it was obviously incumbent on all such adventurers, to confine their cruises within a moderate distance of the Spanish settlements, in the vicinity of which alone they could hope to exercise their commerce, or to execute their predatory and military operations. Accordingly, soon after emerging from the Strait, or completing the circuit of Tierra del Fuego, they began to hold a northerly course, to the uninhabited island of Juan Fernandez, their usual spot of rendezvous and refreshment. And, after ranging along the continent of America, from Chili to` California, they either reversed their course back to the Atlantic; or, if they ventured to extend their voyage, by stretching over to Asia, they never thought of trying experiments in the unfrequented and unexplored parts of the ocean; but chose the beaten path (if the expression may be used), within the limits of which it was likely they might meet with a Philippine galleon, to make their voyage profitable to themselves; but could have little |