The Pictorial Field-book of the Revolution ; Or, Illustrations, by Pen and Pencil, of the History, Biography, Scenery, Relics, and Traditions of the War for Independence

CHAPTER I.

First unfurling of the Union Flag-Return of Cole Knox

from the North with heavy Cannons and Howitzers-Plan

of Attack on Boston-Re-enforcement of the Army-Council

of Wer-Number of Troops-Situation of Washington-Con-

ditia of the British Troops in Boston-A Farce, and its Term-

ingon-Bombardment of Boston-Industry of Patriots-As-

toshment of the British-Insecurity of the Fleet and Army

-reparations for bombarding Boston-Condition of the

Priots there-Tacit Agreement to spare the Town-Can-

made renewed-Commission to plunder-Bad Conduct

the British Troops-The Embarkation-Entrance of the

mericans into the City-The Refugees-Condition of Bos-
in after the Evacuation-Troops sent to New York-Linger-
ag of British Vessels-Final Departure-Capture of Camp-

bell and Store-ships-Effect of the Evacuation of Boston-

Medal awarded to Washington-Denunciations by John

Wilkes-Boldness of Common Council-Governor Penn-

John Horne Tooke-Strength of the Americans-Political

Change in the London Common Council-Persecution of

Stephen Sayre-Tenor of the King's Speech-His false Hopes

-Warm Debates in Parliament-Duke of Grafton in Opposi-

tion-The Colonies placed under martial Law-Augmenta

tion of the Army and Navy-Proposition to employ foreign

Troops-Reasons for employing German Troops-Opposition

to it in Parliament-Terms on which the Mercenaries were

hired-Parliament alarmed by a Rumor-French Emissary

in Philadelphia-Official Announcement of the evacuation of

Boston-Royal approval of Howe's Course-Opinions of the

People-Position of the Colonies-Count Rumford-Fortifi-

cations-Boston Harbor-Remains of the Revolutionary.

Fortifications around Boston-The "Convention Troops"-

Their Parole of Honor-Picture of the Captives-Burgoyne

in Boston-Expedition against Penobscot-Its Failure-Gen-

eral Phillips-General Wadsworth-Close of the Chronicles

of Boston

.Page 9-26

CHAPTER II.

Departure from Boston-Scenery on the Route Coehitaape

The Quinebaug-Tradition of Mashapaug-Arrival at Nor-

wich-A literary Friend-Indian History of Norwich-Uncas.

and Miantonömoh-Surrender of Miantonomoh to the En

glish-Unjust Decision-Murder of Miantonömok-Sette

ment of New London-Settlement of Norwich-Molegan

Cemetery-Uncas's Monument-Revolutionary Spirit wa

neko-Norwich Liberty Tree-Celebration under i Hod

ore to John Wilkes-Patriotic town Meeting-Benevolence

of the People-March of Militia to Boston-General Hunting-

ton-The French Officers-Benjamin Huntington-A pre-

cious Heir-loom-The Road to Lebanon-Bozrah and Fitch-

ville-Situation of Lebanon-Governor Trumbull-His Char

acter and Services-His Dwelling and War Office-Settle-

ment of Lebanon-Lauzun-The Alden Tavern-General

Prescott horsewhipped there-The Williams House-The

Trumbull Vault-Return to Norwich-Destruction of the

Yantic Falls-Birth-place of Arnold-Inscription upon the

Trumbull Monument - Arnold's early Years-Attempt to

commit Murder-A Ringleader in Mischief-His Mother-

-Scorching Acrostic-Residence of Governor Huntington-

Unpublished Letter written by Washington-Family Vault

of Governor Huntington-Tomb of General Jabez Hunting.

ton-His five Sons-The old Burying-ground-Captain Per-

kins-Old Men of Norwich-Greenville-Tory Hill-Letter

of General Williams-New London-Its Settlement-Forti-

fications- The Harbor-Revolutionary Movements-Forts

Griswold and Trumbull - Prizes-Clinton's Designs - Ar-

nold's Expedition-Naval Force of Connecticut-Landing of

the Enemy-March toward New London-Destruction of

the Town-Property destroyed-"Fire Lands"-Infamy of

Arnold-Attack on Fort Griswold-Its Defense and Capture

-Murder of Colonel Ledyard-Cruelties at Fort Griswold-

Fanny Ledyard-Departure of the Enemy-Events in 1813

-Arnold's Dispatches-The Groton Monument-Inscription

upon it-Ascent of its Stair-case-View from the Top-A

Retrospect-The Pequots-English Expedition against them

-Attack on their Fort-Pequot Hill-Destruction of the Fort

-Terrible Massacre-Departure of the English-Another In-

vasion-Destruction of the Pequots-Mrs. Anna Bailey-Her

Husband at Fort Griswold-Her Mementoes and her Politics

-Her Patriotism-Landing place of Arnold-Bishop Sea-

bury's Monument-First Printing in Connecticut.. Page 27-50

CHAPTER III.

Voyage to Rhode Island-Stonington-Arrival at Providence

-Roger Williams's Rock-" Water Lots"-Proposed Dese

cration-Arrival of Roger Williams-His Character-Narrow

Views of the Old Puritans-Zeal of Roger Williams-Dis-

turbance at Salem-Williams arraigned for Treason-His

Banishment-Flight to Seekonk-Landing at Providence-

Commencement of a Settlement-His Negotiations with the

Indians-Ingratitude of the Massachusetts Colony-March to

and Encampment of the French Army at Providence-Site

of the Encampment-Remains-Departure of the French

from Boston-Governor Cooke's Monument-La Fayette's

Head-quarters-Roger Williams's Spring-Old Tavern in

Providence-Its Associations-Destruction of Tea in Market

Square-Rhode Island Historical Society--Valuable Manu-

scripts A telescopic Peep at the Moon and Stars-Bryant's

Song of the Stars"-Voyage to Gaspee Point-The Gaspee

Conduct of her Commander-Sketch of Gaspee Point-

Governor Wanton-Montague's insolent Letter-Wanton's

Rejpiader-Captain Lindsey's Packet chased by the Gaspee

-Expedition against the Gaspee-Her Destruction-Efforts

to discover the Incendiaries-The Commissioners-Return

to Providence-Visit to Mr. John Howland-His military

Carcer in the Revolution-Departure for Newport-Appear.

ante of Rhode Island-Mansion of Governor Gibbs-Old

Tower at Newport-Its former Appearance-Attempt to de-

stroy it-Obscurity of its Origin-First Wind mill at New.

port-Inquiries respecting the Tower-" Antiquitates Amer.

icana"-Inscription on Dighton Rock-Prescott's Head-quar-

ters at Newport--Old Cemetery-Perry's Monument-Runic

Inscriptions elsewhere-"Tonomy Hill-Hubbard's House

and Mill-Inscription on Perry's Monument-Oppression of

the Whigs by Prescott-View from 'Tonomy Hill-Mrs. Hut-

chinson and Sir Henry Vane-Persecution of Mrs. Hutchin-

son and her Friends-Settlement of Rhode Island-Its first

Constitution-Royal Charter-Toleration in Rhode Island-

Separation and Reunion of the Plantations-Newport-De-

struction of the Sloop Liberty-Admiral Wallace in Narra

ganset Bay-Disarming of the Tories-Skirmish in the Har-
bor-Engagement at Sea-Continued Hostilities in Newport
Harbor-Privateers-Arrival of a large British Force-Con-
duct of the Enemy..
...Page 51-73

CHAPTER IV.

Condition of Rhode Island in 1777-Re-encampment of the
British-General Prescott-His Character and bad Conduct
-Colonel Barton's Plan for capturing him - Biographical
Sketch of Barton-Expedition to capture Prescott-Pres
cott's Quarters-A Sentinel deceived-Names of Barton's
Men-Entrance to Prescott's Room-Seizure of the Gen-
eral and his Aid-de-camp-Barton rewarded by Congress-
Predatory Excursions-French Fleet for America-Count
D'Estaing-France and England-Excitement in Parliament
-The King's Speech-Boldness of the Opposition - The
British and French Fleets-Sandy Hook and Amboy Bay-
General Spencer's Expedition against Rhode Island-His
Resignation-French Fleet off Newport-American Land
Forces-Destruction of British Vessels-Landing of Ameri-
cans on Rhode Island-Naval Battle-Great Storm-State
of the American Troops-Refusal of the French to co-operate
-They sail for Boston-Protests-Retreat of the Americans
to Butts's Hill-Battle of Quaker Hill-Scene of the Engage-
ment-Loss of the Belligerents-Evacuation of Rhode Island
by the Americans-Return of La Fayette from Boston-Ex-
pedition against New Bedford- Murmurings against the
French-Evacuation of Rhode Island by the British-Severe
Winter-Sir Robert Pigot-Return of La Fayette to France
-His Zeal and Success-Washington appointed Lieutenant
General by the French King-Good Tidings brought by La
Fayette Their Effect-Arrival of the Allies--Encampment
at Newport-British blockade of Narraganset Bay-Clinton's
Expedition-Death of Ternay-Washington in Newport-
Property destroyed in Newport-Ride to Butts's Hill-Hos-
pitality-Fort on Butts's Hill-View of the Battle-ground-
North View from Butts's Hill-The Narraganset Country-
Massasoit and his Sons-King Philip-His Jealousy-Treaties
with the Whites-Curtailment of his Domains-His chief
Captains-John Elliot--Enlightenment of the Indians-Sassa-
mon-Rising of the New England Tribes-Daniel Gookin-
Philip's Appeal-Condition of the Indians-Commencement
of Hostilities-Canonchet-Mather's Magnalia-Indian Meth-
od of Warfare-Destruction of New England Villages-Ter-
rible Retaliation by the Whites-Decimation of the Indians
-Strifes among them-Philip a Fugitive-His Death-His
Son-Captain Church-Sufferings of the Colonists-A happy
Change-Capture of the Pigot by Talbot-His Promotion-
Departure from Newport-Adieu to New England-Halleck's
Connecticut

CHAPTER V.

..74-97

The Hudson Highlands-Newburgh-The Indian Summer-Its
Character-The "Hasbrouck House" and Vicinity-Its in-
terior Construction-Purchased by the State-Ceremonies
at its Dedication-Washington's Dining hall-Anecdote con-
cerning it-Lady Washington's Gardening-Settlement of
Newburgh- First Settlements in Orange County - Indian
Wars-Sufferings of the People-Attack on Minisink-Intem-
perate Zeal of the Volunteers-Unwise Decision-Battle of
Minisink-Its Location-The Massacre - Brant's Defense-
Effect of the Massacre-Salvation of Major Wood-Interment
of the Remains of the Slain-Monument-Cantonment of the
Army near Newburgh-Head quarters of the Officers-Nico-
la's Proposition to Washington-Washington's Letter of Re-
buke to Nicola-Patriotism of the Chief-Discontents in the
Army-Memorial to Congress-Resolutions of Congress re-
specting Claims-The Army still dissatisfied-Action of the
Officers-Major Armstrong-Meeting of Officers privately
called-Anonymous Address to the Army-Dangerous Tend-
ency of its Recommendations-Bold Tone of the Address-
Similar Opinions held by Hamilton-Washington's Counter-
action-Second anonymous Address-Meeting called by
Washington-Major Burnet's Recollections Washington's
Address to the Officers-Action of the Meeting of Officers
A strong Resolution-Record of Proceedings sent to Con-
gress-Washington's Opinion of Armstrong's Motives-His
farewell Address-His Tour to the Northern Battle fields¬
Called to Princeton-A Statue ordered by Congress Gen
eral Clinton- A very little Maiden-Her Dignity-Plum
Point-Fortifications there-An Acrostic-Redoubt on Plun
Point Chevaux-de-frise Anecdote - Head ualers of
Greene and Knox-Ball at the Quarters of Greene and knox
-Signatures of young Ladies-Washington on Dancing-
-The Square-A Spy in the American Camp-Dispatch in a
silver Bullet-Name and Fate of the Spy-Site and probable
Form of the Temple-View from it-The Camp Ground and
Vicinity-The Temple, as described by Major Burnet-Two
living Patriots-Visit to Major Burnet-Public Life of Major
Burnet and Sergeant Knapp-Washington's Letter to Greene
-The Commander-in-chief's Guard-Its Organization, Char-
acter, and Uniform-Its Officers-Sergeant Knapp-Return
to Newburgh-Departure for Fishkill-Return of the Com-
mander-in chief's Guard-Fishkill Village-The "Wharton
House"--Enoch Crosby-The Spy Unmasked"-Exploits
of Crosby-Incidents of his Life-Ancient Dutch Church-

Fishkill Village-Escape of Crosby-His Exploits at Teller's
Point A very old Man and rejected Lover-Trinity Church
-Printing of the first Constitution of the State of New York
-Head-quarters of Baron Steuben-Anecdote of the Baron
-The Society of the Cincinnati-Final Proceedings in the
Organization of the Institution-Plan and Name of the So-
ciety of the Cincinnati-The Constitution-Opposition of
Judge Burke and others-Certificate of Membership of the
Cincinnati-The Design and Engraving-Alteration of the
Plate-The Order of the Society-The successive Presidents
General-Departure for West Point. .... Page 98-1:29

CHAPTER VI.

West Point and its Associations-Mrs. Faugeres-Sufferings of
Mrs. Bleeker--Scenery around West Point-The military
Establishment-Wood's Monument - Interesting Relics-
Size of the Mortars and Chain-Position of the Chain in the
River-Other Relics-Kosciuszko's Monument-His Garden
-Other Localities-Fort Arnold-Fort Putnam-View from
the Ruins of Fort Putnam-Names of the Highland Peaks—
Drake's "Culprit Fay"-Fortifications in the Highlands or-
dered-Action of the New York Assembly-Fort Constitu-
tion-New Forts in the Highlands proposed-West Point se-
lected - Radière and other Engineers from France-West
Point in 1780-Construction of the great Chain-History of
the Work-Map of West Point-The Chain weakened by
Arnold-Importance of West Point-Establishment of the
military Academy there-Forts Webb, Wyllys, and Putnam
-Visit to Constitution Island-Remains of Fort Constitution
-Buttermilk Falls-A venerable Boatman-Beverly Dock
and Robinson House-Arnold's Willow - Arnold in Phila-
delphia-His Extravagance-Marriage with Miss Shippen-
Memoir of Beverly Robinson-Arnold's Residence and Style
of Living-His fraudulent Dealings-Charge of Malfeasance
preferred against in- Arnold one red to be tried by a Court-
martial-this Trial. Verdict, and Punishment-Its Effects-
Interview with Luzerne-His Wife and Major André-Sym-
pathy of Schuyler and Livingston - Visit to the American
Camp-Washington decrived by him-Obtains the Com-
mand at West Point--Correspo Dance of Arnold and Andrè
--Proposed Plan of the British to gain Possessió: cwst
Point-Andrè appointed to confer with Arnold-Auluter.
view proposed by the Traitor-Letter to Colonel Shy on--
Effect of Andre's Letter to Sheldon-Arnold's attempd In-
terview with André-His Letter to Washington-Josha H.
Smith-Further arrangements for an Interview-Arld's
Correspondence with Beverly Robinson-Washington o his
Journey-Again deceived by Arnold's Duplicity-Smith m
ployed to bring Andrè from the Vulture-His Difficulti
Refusal of the Colquhons to accompany Smith-Final C
pliance-Landing of Andrè, and his first Interview with
nold-Arrival of the Conspirators at Smith's House-To
Vulture fired upon-Plan of Operations arranged-Color
Livingston-The Papers taken from Andrè's Boot-" Artiller
Orders"-Forces at West Point-Villefranche's Estimate-
Return of the Ordnance in the different Forts at West Poin
-Arnold's Description of the Works-His Pass-Smith's Re
fusal to take Andrè back to the Vulture-His insufficient Ex-
cuse-Andre's Exchange of Coats-He and Smith cross the
Hudson-Smith's Letter to his Brother-Ambiguous Mem-
orandum
130-156

CHAPTER VII.

Arnold's Composure in presence of his Aids-Washington's re-
turn from Hartford-His Approach to Arnold's Quarters—
His Delay in reaching Arnold's Quarters-Announcement
of Andre's Arrest-Flight of Arnold-His Wife and Son-His
Passage to the Vulture-Treatment of his Oarsmen-Wash-
ington's Visit to West Point- Discovery of the Treason-
His presence of Mind-Condition of Mrs. Arnold-Attempts
to "head" the Traitor-His Letters from the Vulture-Bev
erly Robinson's Letter to Washington--The Army at Tappan
. put in Motion André ordered to West Point-Ride to Fort
• Montgomery Mrs. Rose-A speculating Daughter-Sites of
Fords Clinton and Montgomery-Lake Sinnipink-Beverly
Gatrison His Recollections-"Captain Molly"-Character
of Forts Clinton and Montgomery-Chevaux-de-frise-Con-
dition of the British Forces-Putnam's intended Expedition
Sir Henry Clinton's Stratagem-Landing of British Troops
Governor Clinton informed of the Landing of the British
Acornoitering Party-Skirmish near Doodletown-
Treachery of a Messenger-Putnam deceived - Skirmish
head for Montgomery-Forts ordered to be surrendered-
Attack on Forts Clinton and Montgomery-Flight of the
Americans-Destruction of Vessels and the Chevaux-de-frise
-Evening Voyage in a Fisherman's Shallop-Anthony's Nose
-Peekskill-Situation of the Village-The Birdsall House-
An Octogenarian-Oak Hill-Van Cortlandt Mansion-Philip
Van Cortlandt-Paulding's Monument, and St. Peter's Church
-Gallows Hill-Execution Place of a Spy-Putnam's laconic
Letter View from Gallows Hill-Relative importance of
Peekskill Stratagem of Sir William Howe-Invasion of
Peekskill-Destruction of Stores-Destruction of Continental
Village-Peekskill possessed by the Americans-The Sol-
dier's Spring-Verplanck's Point--Hudson and the Indians-
Fortifications at Verplanck's Point-Capture of Fort Fayette

-Surrender of the Garrison-Disposition of the American

Troops on the Hudson-Preparations for attacking Stony

Point-The Negro Spy-Condition of Stony Point-Wayne's

Proposition to storm it-Biography of Wayne-His Momu-

ment-Approach of the Americans to Stony Point-Capture

of Sentinels-Storming of the Fort-Wayne wounded-His

Bravery-Surrender of the Fort-Wayne's laconic Dispatch

-Fort Fayette cannonaded-Relieved by Sir Henry Clinton

-Galley with. Ordnance sunk at Caldwell's-Medal awarded

Fleury-Promised Rewards for the bravest Men-Division

of the Spoils among the Troops-Medal awarded to Major

Stewart....

..Page 157-182

CHAPTER VIII.

King's Ferry-Jolly old Waterman-Stony Point-Evening

walk toward Haverstraw-" God's Acre"-Benson's Tavern

-Interview with a Builder of Stony Point Fort-View from

Smith's House-Ancient black Walnut-tree-Tarrytown-

Cow-boys and Skinners- Neutral Ground Place where

Andrè was captured-Journey of Andrè and Smith to Crom-

pond-Vigilance of Captain Boyd-Andre's Uneasiness-

Volunteer Expedition against the Cow-boys-Arrest of Andre

-Discovery of Papers in his Stockings-Deposition of David

Williams-Strange Conduct of Colonel Jameson-His Letter

to Arnold-Better Judgment of Colonel Tallmadge-Major

André at Sheldon's Head-quarters-Andrè's Letter to Wash-

ington-Taken to West Point, thence to Tappan-His Dis-

closures to Tallmadge-His Case and Hale's compared-

Bridge over Sleepy Hollow Creek-Ichabod Crane and the

Headless Horseman-Castle Philipse-Tarrytown Cemetery

-Greenburgh, on the Nepera-Van Wart's Monument-

View of Sunnyside, the Residence of Washington Irving, the

ancient" Wolfert's Roost"-Jacob Van Tassel-The "Roost"

a Castle-Its Garrison-Attack upon and Defense of "the

Roost"-Dobb's Ferry-Old Fort at Dobb's Ferry-The Liv

ingston Mansion-Rendezvous of the British-The Palisades

-Tappan-Massacre of Baylor's Corps at Tappan-The "76

Stone House," where Andrè was confined-Washington's

Head-quarters-Court of Inquiry in Andrè's Case-The Pris

oner's Conduct-Names of those who composed the Court

-Judge Laurance-Washington's Approval of the Decision

of the Court-Memoir of André-Honora Sneyd-Mr. Edge.

worth-Miss Seward-Andrè's Death warrant - His Will-

Disposition of his Remains-His Monument-Equity of his

Sentence-Efforts to save him-Embassy of Colonel Ogden

--Washington vilified-Proposition to Exchange Andre for

Arnold declined-A Deputation from the British General-

Result of the Efforts to save Andrè- His Letter to Washing.

ton, asking to be shot-Willis's Paraphrase-Andre's com-

posure of Mind-Pen-and-ink Sketch of himself-Name of

his Executioner-Dr. Thacher's Account of his Execution-

Feelings of the Spectators-The Place of his Death and

Buria 1-The Captors of Andrê rewarded-Disinterment of

his Remains-Honored by the Duke of York-Desire to se-

cure Arnold-A Plan to abduct him-Its Execution commit-

ted to Major Henry Lee-Sergeant Champe-His Sense of

Honor-Consents to attempt the Abduction of Arnold-His

Desertion favored by Lee-Pursuit of Champe-His Skill in

eluding his Pursuers-Escapes to a British Galley-Sir Henry

Clinton deceived-Champe sent to Arnold-Joins his Legion

-Preparations for carrying off the Traitor-Champe foiled

-Taken by Arnold to Virginia-Escapes, and rejoins his Le-

gion in the Carolinas-Ramapo Valley and Village-Mr. Pier-

son-Movements of the two Armies in 1777-Washington's

Perplexities-March of the American Army toward the High-

lands-Howe's Destination determined-The Clove - The

Ramapo Pass-March of the allied Armies to Virginia-

Clinton deceived by Washington's Letters-The "Hopper

House"-Patriotism of the Owner-Interesting Relics-

Burr's Head-quarters-Burr at Suffern's-Confusion of the
Militia-Night Attack upon the British Pickets near Hacken.

sack

CHAPTER IX.

..183-214

Departure for the South-Mode of Traveling-Characteristics

of the Journey-Interesting Associations-Perth Amboy-

Its original Settlement and Prospects-Governor William

Franklin-Dunlap's Recollections of military Affairs at Perth

Amboy-Journey to Crosswicks-Missionary Operations

there-The Friends' Meeting house-Mrs. Idell-Borden-

town-Revolutionary Events there-Joseph Bonaparte-

General Dickinson-Trenton - M'Conkey's Ferry, where

Washington crossed the Delaware-Long Bridge-Capture

of Forts Washington and Lee-Retreat of the Americans

across New Jersey-Decrease of the Army-Tardy Move.

menta of General Lee-His Capture-Longevity of the Cap-

tor's Horse-Biography of Lee-His Division commanded by

Sullivan-The Delaware between Washington and Corn-

wallis-Weakness of the American Army-Gloomy Aspect

of Affairs-Putnam in Command at Philadelphia-Reorgan

ization of the Army-Adjournment of Congress to Baltimore

-The Quakers-Howe's Plans-Injudicious Disposition of

the British Troops-Augmentation of Washington's Forces

-Successful Diversion by Putnam in favor of Washington

-The American Army cross the Delaware on Christmas

Night-The Battle in Trenton-Colonel Rall mortally wound.

ed-Capture of the Hessians-Complete Victory of the Amer

icans-Washington's Visit to the dying Rall-Parole of Hon-

or signed by the Hessian Officers-Colonel Rall's fatal Ca-

rousal Names and Signatures of the Hessian Officers at-

tached to the Parole-Retreat of the Enemy from Borden.

town-Their Line of Posts broken up-Good effect of the

Victory at Trenton-Washington made a military Dictator-

He recrosses the Delaware to occupy Trenton-Efficient Aid

by Robert Morris-Approach of Cornwallis toward Trenton

-Battles at Trenton Bridge and the Ford-The Americans

in Peril-Cornwallis out-generaled-March of the Ameri

cans toward Princeton-Their Approach discovered by the

Enemy-First Skirmish near Princeton-Effect of British

Bayonets-Dispersion of the Americans-Washington on the

Field-General Mercer mortally wounded by Bayonets- His

Bravery till the Last-Place of his Death-View of the Bat-

tle-ground-Loss of the Americans-Death of General Mer-

cer-His Monument-Skirmish near Nassau Hall in Prince-

ton-Destruction of the King's Portrait in Nassau Hall-

Prisoners taken-Skirmish at Worth's Mills-Cornwallis at

Princeton-Disappointment of the Enemy-The Loss sus-

tained-Washington's Pursuit-Fatigue of the Americans→

Capture of British Baggage-wagons- Evacuation of New

Jersey by the British-Estimate of Washington's Character

in Europe-Appointment of general Officers for the Conti-

nental Army-Its Reorganization-Visit to the Princeton

Battle-ground-Morven, Stockton's Estate-Desolated by the

British-Sufferings and Death of the Owner-Annis Stock-

ton-Nassau Hall-Governor Belcher's Donation-Ritten-

house's Planetarium - Life of its Inventor - Portraits of

Washington and Mercer by Peale-Character of the College

of New Jersey-White Hall-The Floral Arch in Honor of

Washington-His triumphal Journey - His Reception by

the Ladies at Trenton-Interest of the Scene-Washing.

ton's Note to the Ladies-Reflections-Grave of Mr. Arm-

strong...

.Page 215-246

CHAPTER X.

Departure from Trenton-Buck's County-St. Tammany-Old

Villages-Frankford-Its revolutionary Events--Kensington

-Arrival in Philadelphia-Christ Church and its Sounding.

board-The Grave of Dr. Franklin and others-His early.

written Epitaph-Description of Christ Church-The Natives

on the Delaware and Schuylkill-The Delawares - Their

Character portrayed by William Penn-First Settlements on

the Delaware by the Dutch and Swedes-Troubles with the

Indians-Gustavus Adolphus-Extension of Swedish Settle-

ments-Opposition of the Dutch-Stuyvesant's Conquests-

Charter granted to William Penn-Emigrations-Arrival of

Penn-His Biography-Annexation of Delaware-Penn's

just Dealings with the Natives-Effect of his Justice-Treaty

Monument-Character and Influence of the Quakers-Found-

ing of the Pennsylvania Commonwealth, and the City of Phil-

adelphia-Secession of Delaware - Penn's Difficulties-His

liberal Concessions-Pennsylvania Charter-Penn's Heirs-

His Successors hostile to the Indians - Popular Feeling

against the Proprietaries-Dr. Franklin-The Stamp Act-

Spirit of the People-Party Rancor-Franklin lampooned-

William Bradford-The Pennsylvania Journal-Repeal of

the Stamp Act-Rejoicings-Dickenson's Letters-Firmness

of Pennsylvania-Tea Ships-Destruction of Tea at Green.

wich-Revolutionary Movements-Members of Assembly in-

structed-Quakers opposed to the Revolution-"Testimony"

of their yearly Meeting in 1775-James Pemberton and others

sent to Virginia-Arrest and removal of Governor Penn

and Chief-justice Chew-Execution of Roberts and Carlisle

-Justice of their Punishment-Desecration of Carpenters'

Hall-Congress Hall-Prevalence of a Desire for Union-

-First Movements toward a general Congress-Election of

Delegates-Names of the Representatives of each Colony-

Character of the first Continental Congress-Its Organiza-

tion-Peyton Randolph-Charles Thomson-Opening of the

first Continental Congress-Patrick Henry-The first Prayer

in Congress-Sessions with closed Doors-Sympathy with

Massachusetts--Declaration of Rights-" American Associa

tions"-Mr. Duché--State Papers issued by Congress-De-

bates-Diversity of Opinion-Dartmouth's Circular--Joseph

Galloway-Opinions concerning the Adamses --Sketch of

Galloway's public Life-Disposition of his Estate....247-270

CHAPTER XI.

The

State House-Independence Hall--Hancock's Chair-Por

traits of Penn and La Fayette-Picture of the Treaty Tree-

Statue of Washington-Liberty Bell-Its History -- Inde-

pendence not early nor generally desired, except by a Few-

Patrick Henry's Prediction-Testimony of Washington and

others concerning the Loyalty of the Colonies-Paine's Com-

mon Sense-First public Movements favorable to Independ

ence-Paine's Crisis--The Ministry order it to be burned-

The Result-Timidity in the State Legislatures--State Gov-

--Absence of R. H. Lee-Jefferson's Draft of the Declaration

-Reasons why he was chosen to write it-Original Draft of

the Declaration of Independence, and Amendments-The

Debaters-Action of the several Colonies on the Subject of

Independence-Adoption of the Declaration-The Declara-

tion of Independence as adopted-Ringing of the Liberty Bell

-Signers of the Declaration-Its Reception in New York

and elsewhere-The Principles of the Declaration, and their

Effects Opinions of Raynal, Mirabeau, and Napoleon-Or-

ganization of State Governments-Adjournal of Congress to

Baltimore-Trip to Red Bank-Fort Mercer-Donop's Grave

-Whitall's House-De Chastellux's Visit there-Anecdote

of Mrs. Whitall-Old Cannon-Distant View of Fort Mifflin

-Military Works on the Delaware - Obstructions in the

River-Their Removal by the British-Capture of Billings.

port-The American Fleet in the Delaware-Hessian Expe-

dition against Fort Mercer-Storming of the Fort-Repulse

of the Hessians at Red Bank-Count Donop-Lieutenant-

colonel Greene-Monument at Red Bank-Attack on Fort

Mithlin-American Flotilla-Lieutenant-colonel Smith-Suc

cessful Defense of Fort Mifflin-Preparations for another At-

tack-Plan of the Fort-Washington's Efforts to re-enforce

his Army-Conduct of Gates and Putnam-Second Attack

of Fort Mifflin-Gallant Defense of the Fort- Destructive

Effects of Cannons and Bombs-Plan of Operations on the

Delaware Retreat of the Garrison - Destruction of the

Fort Movements in New Jersey - Fort Mercer aban-

doned..
Page 270-299

CHAPTER XII.

Ancient Philadelphia-The "Slate-roof House" and its Associa
tions-Loxley's House-Mrs. Darrah and the British Adjutant
General-Information sent to Washington's Camp by Mrs.
Darrah-Disappointment of the British-Swedes' Church-
Wharton's Mansion-house-The Mischianza-Immorality of
the Army-Major Andre's Description of the Mischianza-
Philadelphia Provost Prison - Cunningham - Washington
Square Office of the Secretary of Foreign Affairs-The
Secretary's Aids-British Fortifications in Philadelphia-The
British Encampment - Personal Appearance of the British
Officers-Loss of the Delaware Frigate-Torpedoes sent
down the River from Bordentown-"Battle of the Kegs"-
Alarm during the Mischianza Fête-Boldness of Americans
-Interesting Places near Philadelphia -- Patriotism of the
Philadelphia Women-Mrs. Reed and Mrs. Bache-De Chas-
tellux's Visit to Mrs. Bache-Contributions of Clothing for
the Soldiers-Germantown-James Logan-Speech of Lo-
gan the Indian Chief-Officers of Government at German-
town-Chew's House-Destructive Effects of War-Benja
min Chew-Maneuvers of the two Armies on the Schuylkill
-The British Army at Germantown-Preparations to attack
it-Approach of the Americans to Germantown-Attack on
the British Pickets-Chew's House a Defense-Remissness
of the Militia-Victory lost to the Americans-Battle of Ger-
mantown-The Americans, deceived, abandon the Field-
Washington's Chagrin The Loss-Letter of General Ag-
new's Servant to the Lady of that Officer concerning his
Death-American Officers killed-Washington and his Offi-
cers honored-General Stephen-Washington's Head quar.
ters at Whitemarsh - Skirmish there-American Encamp-
ment-Retreat of the British to Philadelphia-Departure of
the Americans from Whitemarsh-Barren Hill-La Fayette
-His first Impulses favorable to the Americans-His Liberal-
ity-Visit to England-Attempts to leave France-Sketch
of his Career-Sword presented to him by Congress-Mem
oir of him-Pictorial Devices on his Sword-His arrival in
America-Biography continued-His Burial-place-Applies
to Congress-His Appointment-Interview with Washington
-Attached to the Army-La Fayette on Barren Hill-Maneu.
vers of the two Armies-The British deceived-Retreat of
La Fayette across the Schuylkill to Valley Forge-Generals
Poor and Woedtke-Iron Ore near the Schuylkill-Consho
hocken-Its Industry-Morristown-Swedes' Ford..299-330
CHAPTER XIII.

Approach to Valley Forge-"King of Prussia Tavern"-Village

of Valley Forge Washington's Head quarters - The old

Flour-mill and its Associations-Hamilton and Lee-View

from Rogers's Observatory-Camp at Valley Forge-Re

ligious Services-Preparation of Huts-Disposition of the

American Army at Valley Forge-The Huts and their Occu-

pants-Condition of the Army-Great Sufferings-Number

of Soldiers in Camp-Toryism displayed-Hopefulness of

Washington-Conspiracy to deprive him of the chief Com-

mand-Persons named as Malcontents-Forged Letters-

Thomas Conway-Character of the Congress of 1778-Pre-

tensions of Gates and Lee-Anonymous Letters-Conway's

Letter to Gates-Quarrel between Gates and Wilkinson--

Board of War-Expedition against Canada proposed - La

Fayette appointed to the Command-Grossly deceived-Dis-

claimers of Gates and Mifflin-Opinion of Dr. Gordon-Con.

way's Resignation-Duel, and repentant Letter to Washing.

ton-Baron De Steuben-His Arrival in America, and Ap-

pointment as Inspector General - Biographical Sketch of

Steuben-His Aids and his Monuments-Washington's Ef-

forts in behalf of his Soldiers-Hostile Parties sent out from

Philadelphia-The Queen's Rangers Advertisement for

Recruits-Expedition against Militia Posts in New Jersey-

Skirmish at Quintan's Bridge, on Alloway's Creek-Expedi-

tion to Hancock's Bridge-Perils of the March-Massacre at

Hancock's House-Death of the Owner-Return of the Ma-

rauders to Philadelphia-Light from Europe-Alliance with

France-Rejoicings at Valley Forge-Lord North's Concilia-

tory Bills-Appointment of Commissioners-Chatham's Op-

position to American Independence-His sudden Illness and

Death-Copley's Picture of the Scene-His Funeral and

Monument-North's conciliatory Propositions rejected-Ar-

rival of Commissioners-Governor 'Tryon-Letter of Com-

missioners to Congress-Action of Congress concerning them,

and their Mission-Mrs. Græme-Attempt to bribe General

Reed-Mrs. Græme's part in the Affair-Memoir of General

Reed-Sir Henry Clinton Commander-in-chief- Condition

of the American Army-Exchange of General Lee-Oaths

of Allegiance-Evacuation of Philadelphia by the British-

Pursuit by the Americans -The British harassed in New

Jersey-Extent of the British Line-Washington's Determ-

ination to Fight-Preparations of both Armies for Battle-

British Camp near Monmouth Court-house- Their Move-

ment toward Sandy Hook-Lee ordered to attack the British

-Approach of the American advanced Corps-Conflicting

Intelligence-Preparation for Battle-Plan of Action-The

British attacked by Wayne-Oswald's Artillery — Wayne

checked by Lee-Strange Conduct of Lee-His Orders mis-

understood-Retreat of two Brigades-A general Retreat or-

dered by Lee-General Maxwell-Forward Movement of the

Division under Washington-Meeting of Washington and

Lee-Harsh Words between them-The pursuing Britons
checked-Courage and Skill of Washington-Lee's Conduct,
Trial, and Sentence-The fiercest of the Battle-Picture by
Mr. Custis-Captain Molly-Gallant Conduct of Lee-Form-
ing of the second Line-View of the Battle ground-Advance
of Grenadiers under Monckton-His Death-Close of the
Day and the Battle-Retreat of Sir Henry Clinton-Charac-
ter of the Monmouth Battle-Clinton's official Dispatch criti-
cised-The Loss-Sufferings of the Soldiers-Visit to the
Battle-ground-Woodhull's Monument-William and Gilbert
Tennent-Inscription upon Woodhull's Monument-Capture
and Execution of Captain Huddy-Case of Captain Asgill-
Remarkable Case of William Tennent-His own Descrip-
tion of his Feelings-Loss of his Papers-The Pine Rob-
bers....
Page 330-368

CHAPTER XIV.

Departure from Valley Forge-The Paoli Tavern-Place where
Americans were massacred-Wayne's Encampment, near
Paoli-British attack upon his Detachment-The Massacre-
Chaplain David Jones-His Address to the Troops at Ticon-
deroga-The Paoli Monument-The Inscriptions upon it-
The Dead of Paoli-Journey to West Chester-Departure
for the Brandywine Battle ground-Jefferis's Ford-Sconnel
Town, Osborne's Hill, and Birmingham Meeting house —
Landing of the British at the Head of Elk-Washington's
Preparations to meet them-March of Americans from Phila-
delphia-Encampment on Red Clay Neck-Howe's Procla.
mation-Retreat of the Americans across the Brandywine-
Approach of the British to the Brandywine-The Fords of
that Stream-Plan of the Battle-Position of the American
Army on the Brandywine-Movement of the British-Locali-
ties of the Battle-ground-Skirmishing on the March toward
the Brandywine-Engagement near Chad's Ford-Skirmish-
ing on the Brandywine-Sullivan deceived by conflicting In-
telligence-Washington's Suspense-Passage of the Brandy-
wine by the British Army-Forming of the Lines for Battle
-Conduct of Deborre-Commencement of the Battle-Skill
and Courage of the Belligerents-Effects of the British Ar-
tillery-Retreat of the Americane-March of Greene to their
Support-La Fayette wounded-The British checked by
Greene-Knyphausen preparing to cross the Brandywine
General Muhlenberg-Passage of the Brandywine by Knyp-
hausen-Bravery of Wayne-General Retreat of the Ameri-
cans-Result of the Battle-Washington again made Dicta