ADVERTISEMENT

TO THE

TWELFTH EDITION.

THE rapid sale of two unusually large impressions, is the best proof that the changes made by the editor have obtained the approbation of the public. He has therefore solicited and obtained permission from the proprietors to introduce some new chapters into this edition; incorporating the outlines of the discoveries in Grecian history, which we owe to the researches of German and English scholars. He has not, however, adopted the sceptical theories of Niebuhr and Müller, which, pushed to their full extent, would render all ancient history mere uncertainty and conjecture; but he has largely availed himself of the incidental information supplied in their disquisition. He has also the pleasing duty of confessing the great obligations he is under to Dr. Arnold's edition of Thucydides, one of the noblest contributions to sound classical literature that has ever issued from the press of this country.

CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION.

CHAPTER I.

Natural and Political Geography of Greece

CHAPTER II.

The principal Grecian cities.-Athens, Thebes, Delphi, Sparta,

Corinth

CHAPTER III.

15

The religion of Greece, and its effects on the national character.. 28

CHAPTER IV.

The influence of the Mysteries and Oracles on the Grecian character 35

CHAPTER V.

The Public Games and Festivals.......

CHAPTER VI.

The general constitution of the Grecian states

CHAPTER VII.

The mode of raising and supporting the army and navy

HISTORY.

CHAPTER I.

From the fabulous and heroic ages, to the abolition of royalty in

the several states

65

79

CHAPTER II.

Of the government of Sparta, and the laws of Lycurgus.

The legislation of Lycurgus

SECTION I.

SECTION II.

The laws of Lycurgus that more particularly influenced the Spartan

character, and the first Messenian war

The second Messenian war

SECTION III.

CHAPTER III.

Of the government of Athens, the laws of Solon, and the history

of the republic from the time of Solon to the commencement

of the first Persian war.

SECTION I.

Dissensions at Athens-legislation of Solon

SECTION II.

The sacred war against the Crisseans and Cirrheans the usurpation

of the Peisistratidæ

CHAPTER IV.

From the expulsion of Hippias to the death of Miltiades.

SECTION I.

The preparations made by Darius for the invasion of Greece

First Persian invasion

SECTION II.

CHAPTER V.

From the death of Miltiades to the retreat of Xerxes out of Greece.

SECTION I.

The extensive preparations of Xerxes for the invasion of Greece,

and the measures taken by the Greeks to secure their independ-

ence

136

SECTION II.

Second Persian invasion; battles of Thermopylæ, Artemisium, and

Salamis

...

.....

144

CHAPTER VI.

From the retreat of Xerxes out of Greece to the battle of Mycale.. 156

CHAPTER VII.

From the battle of Mycale to the peace concluded between the

Greeks and Persians.

SECTION I.

The rebuilding of Athens-the conspiracy of Pausanias, and ba-

nishment of Themistocles.

From the peace with Persia to the peace of Nicias.

SECTION I.

The causes that led to the war between Athens and Sparta-the

Corcyrean war

SECTION II.

First Peloponnesian war-The Great Plague-The siege and de-

struction of Platea

SECTION III.

First Peloponnesian war continued-The narrow escape of the

Lesbians the civil wars of Corcyra-The affair at Pylos-

Death of Cleon and Brasidas-Peace of Nicias

CHAPTER IX.

From the peace of Nicias to the end of the Peloponnesian war.

SECTION I.

The causes that led to a renewal of the war between Athens and

Sparta

SECTION 11.

The Athenian expedition to Sicily

163

169

175

183

190

198

203

SECTION VI.

The second Peloponnesian war continued; the tyranny of the four

hundred; the return of Alcibiades to Athens

SECTION VII.

The victories of Lysander-The battle of Arginusæ-The judicial

murder of the Athenian admirals.....

SECTION VIII.

228

235

The battle of Ægos-Potamos-Athens taken by Lysander, and the

Peloponnesian war concluded

241

CHAPTER X.

From the demolition of the Athenian power to the peace of Antal-

cidas.

SECTION I.

The reign of the thirty tyrants at Athens; the restoration of liberty

by Thrasybulus

SECTION II.

247

The death of Socrates-the retreat of the Ten Thousand........ 253

Rise of the Theban power under Pelopidas and Epaminondas.... 260

The battle of Mantineia; the death of Epaminondas, and conclu-

sion of the third Peloponnesian war

286