glut freshening the nip of the lever. (b) A becket or thimble fixed on the after side of a topsail or course, near the head, to which the bunt-jigger is hooked to assist in furling the sail.-7. In brickmaking: (a) A brick or block of small size, used to plete a course. (b) A crude or green pressed brick. C. T. Davis,

com

Bricks

Glut, def. 6 (b).

and Tiles, p. 69.-8. The broad-nosed eel, Anguilla latirostris. [Local, Eng.]-9. The offal or refuse of fish. glutæus, gluteus (glo-te'us), n.; pl. glutai, glutei (-1). [NL., Gr. yorós, the rump, pl. the buttocks.] One of several muscles of the nates or buttocks, arising from the pelvis and inserted into the femur.-Gluteus maximus, the ectogluteus, the outer or great gluteal muscle, notable

in man for its enormous relative size and very coarse fiber, arising from the sacrum, coccyx, and adjoining parts of the pelvis, and inserted into the gluteal ridge of the femur. It chiefly forms the bulk of the buttocks, is a pow erful extensor of the thigh, and assists in maintaining the erect posture of the body. See cut under muscle.-Glutæus medius, the mesogluteus or middle gluteal mus cle, arising from the dorsum of the ilium and inserted into the great trochanter of the femur. See cut under muscle. -Gluteus minimus, the entoglutæus or smallest and innermost gluteal muscle, the origin and insertion of which are similar to those of the middle gluteal. In some animals certain gluteal muscles are enumerated as glutæus primus, gluteus secundus, glutæus tertius, etc., not, however, necessarily implying that they are respectively homologous with the glutei of man. gluteal (glö-te'al), a. and n. [<glutæus +-al.] I. a. In anat., pertaining to the glutei or to the buttocks; natal.-Gluteal artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery, which supplies the gluteal mus

cles.-Gluteal fold. Same as gluteofemoral crease (which see, under gluteofemoral). — Gluteal muscles, the glutai. See glutaus.-Gluteal nerves, two nerves, superior and inferior, derived from the sacral plexus, and supplying the glutei and the tensor fascia latæ.-Gluteal region, the region of the buttocks.-Gluteal ridge, the outer lip or bifurcation of the linea aspera (rough line) of the femur below the great trochanter, rough and prominent for the attachment of the tendon of the gluteus

maximus (largest gluteus). Also called gluteal tuberosity.-Gluteal vein, the vein accompanying the gluteal artery.-Gluteal vessels, the gluteal arteries and veins. II. n. A gluteal muscle, or gluteus: as, the great, middle, or least gluteal. glutean (glö-tē'an), a. Same as gluteal.

With nude statues, seen from the front, the true aspect is constantly gained at the moment of eclipse of the glutean muscles behind the continuous line over the hip

=

from trunk to thigh. The Portfolio, No. ccxxvii., p. 222. gluten (glö'ten), n. [= Sp. glúten = Pg. gluten It. glutine, L. gluten (glutin-), also glutinum, glue: see glue.] The nitrogenous part of the flour of wheat and other grains, which is insoluble in water. On kneading wheat flour in a stream

of water to remove the starch, the gluten remains as a tough elastic substance, sometimes called wheat gum. On the physical and chemical character of the gluten the baking quality of flour largely depends. Gluten is a mixture of at least four different albuminoids: gluten-casein (which is similar to the casein of milk), gluten-fibrin (which has some resemblance to animal fibrin), mucedin, and gliadin. gluten-bread (glö'ten-bred), n. A kind of bread in which there is a large proportion of gluten. It is prescribed medicinally in cases of diabetes.

The vege

The vege

gluten-casein (glöʻten-kā sē-in), n. table casein found in gluten. gluten-fibrin (glö'ten-fi brin), n. table fibrin found in gluten. gluteofemoral (glö-te-ō-fem'o-ral), a. [< NL. gluteus L. femur, thigh.] Pertaining to the buttocks and the thigh.-Gluteofemoral crease, the transverse fold or crease of the surface which bounds the buttock below on either side, separating the gluteal from the posterior femoral region, and approximately corresponding to the lower border of the great gluteal muscle. Also called gluteal fold. gluteus, n. See glutaus. glut-herring (glut'hering), n. The blueback, Clupea æstivalis, an American clupeoid fish closely related to the alewife. glutin (glö'tin), n. [<glut-en-in2.] Same as gliadin.

glutinatet (glö'ti-nāt), v. t. [< L. glutinatus, pp. of glutinare, glue, draw together, gluten (glutin-), glue: see glue, gluten.] To unite with glue; cement. Bailey, 1731.

glutinationt (glö-ti-na'shon), n. [= Pg. glutinação, L. glutinatio(n-), a drawing together (used of the closing of wounds), glutinare,

2550

glue, draw together: see glutinate.] The act of glutinating or uniting with glue. Bailey, 1731. glutinativet (glö'ti-na-tiv), a. [< L. glutina

tivus, serving to glue or to draw together, glutinare, glue, draw together: see glutinate.] Having the quality of cementing; tenacious. Bailey, 1731.

glutiningt, a. [< L. gluten (glutin-), glue, + ing2.] Gluing.

These [the beams from the moon] clean contrary, refresh and moisten in a notable manner, leaving an aquatic and viscous glutining kind of sweat upon the glass. Sir K. Digby, Sympathetic Powder. glutinose (glöʼti-nōs), a. [<L. glutinosus, gluey, viscous: see glutinous.] Same as glutinous. glutinosity (glö-ti-nos ́i-ti), n. [= F. glutinosité Sp. glutinosidad It. glutinosità; as glutinose, glutinous, + -ity.] The state or quality of being glutinous; glutinousness. The mutual tempering of either toward a medium glu. tinosity or liquefaction. glutinous (glöʻti-nus), a. [< F. glutineux = Pr. glutinos = Sp. Pg. It. glutinoso, L. glutinosus, gluey, viscous, gluten (glutin-), glue: see gluten, glue, glutinose.] 1. Having the quality of glue; resembling glue; viscous; viscid; tena

cious.

Silver Sunbeam, p. 67.

Next this marble venom'd seat, Smear'd with gums of glutinous heat. Milton, Comus, 1. 917. All these threads, being newly spun, are glutinous, and therefore stick to each other wherever they happen to touch. Goldsmith, The Bee, No. 4. 2. Covered with a sticky exudation; viscid. He [Gesner] says this [pickerel] weed and other glutinous matter, with the help of the sun's heat, in some particular months, and some ponds apted for it by nature, do become Pikes. I. Walton, Complete Angler, p. 129. Where God Bacchus drains his cups divine, Stretch'd out, at ease, beneath a glutinous pine. Keats, Lamia, i.

Also glutinose. glutinousness (glö'ti-nus-nes), n. The state cidity; tenacity; glutinosity. or quality of being glutinous; viscosity; vis

There is a resistance in fluids, which may arise from their elasticity, glutinousness, and the friction of their parts. Cheyne. glutition (glö-tish'on), n. [< L. as if *glutitio(n-), < glutire, swallow: see glut, v.] The act of swallowing; deglutition. [Rare.]

This, however, does not, as a rule, prevent glutition, and in some instances does not even interfere with it. Medical News, LIII. 508. glutman (glut'man), n.; pl. glutmen (-men). In English custom-houses, an extra officer employed when a glut of work demands assistance. gluts (gluts), n. Same as glut, 8. glutton (glut'n), n. and a. [ME. gloton, glotoun, glutun, OF. gloton, glouton, glutun, F. glouton = Pr. gloto Sp. gloton = Pg. glotão It. ghiottone, < L. gluto(n-), glutto(n-), a glutton, glutire, gluttire, devour: see glut, v. Cf. glut, n., 2.] I. n. 1. One who indulges to excess in eating, or in eating and drinking; one who gorges himself with food; a gormandizer.

=

=

Alas! the shorte throte, the tendre mouth, Maketh that Est and West, and North and South, In erthe, in eir, in water, men to-swinke, To gete a glotoun deyntee mete and drinke. Chaucer, Pardoner's Tale, 1. 58. The drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty. Prov. xxiii. 21.

2. One who indulges in anything to excess; a greedy person.

He dradde not that no glotouns Shulde stele his roses. Rom. of the Rose, 1. 4307. Gluttons in murder, wanton to destroy. Granville. The elder Pliny, the most indefatigable laborer, the most voracious literary glutton of ancient times. G. P. Marsh, Lects. on Eng. Lang., xxi.

3. In zool.: (a) A popular name of the wolverene, Gulo luscus or arcticus, the largest and most voracious species of the family Mustelida. It belongs to the same subfamily, Mustelino, as the mar tens and sables, but is a much larger animal, exceeding a badger in size, thick-set and clumsy, and somewhat resembling a small bear. It is of circumpolar distribution, inhabiting northerly parts of Europe, Asia, and America. The name has been more particularly used for the animal of Europe and Asia, from which the American species has sometimes been supposed to differ, and is usually called the wolverene. They are, however, specifically identical. See wolverene. (b) Some other animal likened to the above.- Masked glutton, a book-name of one of on the head and the white eye-ring.- South American glutton, a book-name of the grison or Guiana marten. See Galictis. Syn. 1. See epicure.

the paradoxures, Paguma larvata, from the white streak

II. a. Of or belonging to a glutton; glutton

ous.

Thus do I pine and surfeit day by day;
Or gluttoning on all, or all away.
Shak., Sonnets, lxxv.
Whereon in Egypt gluttoning they fed.

Drayton, Moses, iii. II. trans. To overfill, as with food; glut. Then after all your fooling, fat, and wine, Glutton'd at last, return, at home to pine. Lovelace, Lucasta Posthuma, p. 81. [< glutton +-ess.] A female gluttonesst, n. glutton. Cotgrave. gluttonise, v. i. See gluttonize. gluttonish (glut'n-ish), a. [< glutton,n.,+-ish1.] Gluttonous. [Rare.]

Having now framed their gluttonish stomachs to have for food the wild benefits of nature. Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, iv.

gluttonize (glutʼn-iz), v. i.; pret. and pp. gluttonized, ppr. gluttonizing. [glutton, n., ✈ -ize.] To eat voraciously; indulge the appetite to excess; live luxuriously. Also spelled glut[Rare.]

tonise.

For what reason can you allege why you should gluttonize and devour as much as would honestly suffice so many of your brethren? Marvell, Works, II. 335. And again, οἱ περὶ τὴν ὕλην δαίμονες, the material demons do strangely gluttonize upon the nidours and blood of sacrifices. Hallywell, Melampronca (1681), p. 102.

gluttonous (glutén-us), a. [< ME. glotonous, glotonos, <OF. glotonos, <gloton, a glutton: see glutton, n.] 1. Given to excessive eating; greedy; voracious; hence, grasping.

Seke thow nat with a glotonos hond to stryne and presse the stalkes of the vyne in the ferst somer sesoun. Chaucer, Boëthius, i. meter 6.

Then they could smile, and fawn upon his debts,
And take down th' interest into their gluttonous maws.
Shak., T. of A., iii. 4.
Extravagance becomes gluttonous of marvels.
Is. Taylor, Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm, p. 70.

2. Characterized by or consisting in excessive eating.

The exceeding luxuriousness of this gluttonous age, wherein we press nature with over-weighty burdens, and finding her strength defective, we take the work out of her hands, and commit it to the artificial help of strong waters. Sir W. Raleigh.

Rank abundance breeds, In gross and pampered cities, sloth, and lust And wantonness, and gluttonous excess. Cowper, Task, i. 688. In a gluttongluttonously (glut'n-us-li), adv. ous manner; with the voracity of a glutton; with excessive eating. gluttonousness (glut'n-us-nes), n. Gluttony. gluttony (glut'n-i), n.; pl. gluttonies (-iz). [< ME. glotonie, glotounie, glotenie, glutunie, etc. (also glutenerie, glotery), < OF. glotonie, gloutonnie ( Pr. OSp. glotonia = It. ghiottonia), gluttony, gloton, a glutton: see glutton, n.j Excess in eating, or in eating and drinking; extravagant indulgence of the appetite for food; voracity; luxury of the table.

Thauh hus glotenye be of good ale he goth to a cold bed. dyng, And hus heued vn-heled vneisyliche ywrye.

Piers Plowman (C), xvii. 74. For swinish gluttony Ne'er looks to Heaven amidst his gorgeous feast, But with besotted base ingratitude Crams, and blasphemes his feeder. Milton, Comus, 1. 776. gluy, a. See gluey. gly, v. i. See gley. [Prov. Eng.] glyc-, glyco-. [L., etc., Gr. yukiç, sweet, уAUKEрós, sweet, perhaps akin to L. dulcis, sweet: see dulce, douce.] An element in some words of Greek origin, meaning 'sweet.' In some recent words this element appears in the form gluc-, gluco-.

glycelæum (glis-e-lē'um), n. [< Gr. KUÇ, sweet (in glycerin), + hatov, olive-oil.] A basis for ointment, composed of finely powdered almond-meal one part, glycerin two parts, and olive-oil six parts.

Glycera (glis'e-rä), n. [NL. (cf. L. Glycera, < Gr. Tukεpá, a fem. proper name), < Gr. UKεPÓS, sweet, yukiç, sweet.] 1. The typical genus North Sea is an example. Savigny. 1817.—2. of the family Glycerida. G. capitata of the A genus of crustaceans. Haswell, 1879. glycerate (glis'e-rāt), n. [< glycer-in +-ate1.] Same as glycerite.

Glyceria

Glyceria (gli-se'ri-ä), n. [NL., <Gr. Avkepóc, sweet, an extension of yλukus, sweet.] A genus of grasses, closely allied to Poa and Festuca. There are about 30 species, widely distributed through temperate regions, mostly in wet or swampy ground, and of little agricultural importance. The manna-grass, G. fluitans, grows in shallow water, its leaves often floating; its seeds are sometimes collected in Germany and used as an article of food under the name of manna-croup, furnishing a light nutritious aliment for invalids. The rattlesnake-grass or tall quaking-grass, G. Canadensis, and the tall or reed meadow grass, G. arundinacea, are tali and stout species of the United States. glyceric (glis'e-rik), a. [< glycer-in +-ic.] Derived from glycerin.-Glyceric acid, C3H804, an acid obtained by the cautious oxidation of glycerol. It is a monobasic acid, not crystallizable, but yields crystalglycerid (glis'e-rid), n. A worm of the family Glycerida. Glyceride (gli-ser'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., < Glycera +-ida.] A family of errant chatopodous annelids, of the order Polychata. They have a slender body composed of many ringed segments; the conical prestomium with two basal palps and four terminal tentacles; a protrusile proboscis with four teeth; and no special vascular system, the red hemal fluid being contained in the somatic cavity and branchial sacs.

lizable salts.

glyceride (glis'e-rid or -rid), n. [< glycer-in + -idel.] In chem., a compound ether of the triatomic alcohol glycerol or glycerin. Some of the glycerides exist ready formed, as natural fats, in the bodies of plants and animals, and many more may be produced artificially by the action of acid upon glycerol. glycerin, glycerine (glis'e-rin), n. [< Gr. yauKepóç, sweet,+-in2, -ine2.] A transparent, colorless, hygroscopic liquid (C3H5(OH)3), with a sweet taste and syrupy consistence. It occurs in natural fats combined with fatty acids, and is obtained from them by saponification with alkalis or by the action of superheated steam. It is a triatomic alcohol, and dissolves the alkalis, alkaline earths, and some metallic oxids, forming compounds analogous to the alcoholates. It is used in medicine as an emollient and protective dressing, with which, from its consistence and solvent properties, many substances can be incorporated; it absorbs wa is also applied to mixtures of glycerin with various substances, whether involving solution or not: as, glycerin of gallic acid; glycerin of starch. It is used in the arts for a great variety of purposes: for example, in soaps and cosmetics, for preserving animal and vegetable substances, in paper-making, and in the manufacture of nitroglycerin and dynamite. Also called glycerol, glycerole, glycerina, and glycerinum.-Glycerin butyrate. See butyrate.-Glycerin cement. See cement.

tery discharges, and has some astringent action. The name

glycerite (glis'e-rit), n. [ glycer-in +ite2.] The general name of a class of preparations consisting of a medicinal substance dissolved or suspended in glycerol. Also glycerate, glycerol, glycerole. glycerize (glis'e-riz), v. t.; pret. and pp. glycerized, ppr. glycerizing. [glycer-in +ize.] To mix or treat with glycerin.

Pasteur's vials containing glycerized broth.

Medical News, LIII. 216.

glycerol, glycerole (glise-rol, rol), n. [ glycer-in-ol, -ole.] 1. Same as glycerin. Glycerin is the common form, but the termination -ol is preferable, denoting an alcohol, while in is reserved for glycerides, glucosides, and proteids. 2. Same as glycerite. glycerule (glis'e-röl), n. [< glycer-in +-ule.] Same as glyceryl. glyceryl (glis'e-ril), n. [<glycer-in +-yl.] The hypothetical triatomic radical of glycerol and the glycerides. Also called, more suitably, propenyl. Glycimerida, Glycimeris. See Glycymerida, Glycymeris. glycin (gli'sin), n. [<Gr. y2ukus, sweet, + -in2.] Same as glycocoll. glycocholate (gli'ko-kol-at), n. [<glycochol-ic +-atel.] A salt formed by the union of glyglycocholic (gli-ko-kol'ik), a. [< Gr. уλvкiç, sweet,+xon, gall: see cholic1, bile2.] Derived from gall: used only in the following phrase.Glycocholic acid, C26H4NO6, the principal acid in oxgall, occurring in combination with alkalis. It is a monobasic acid, forming crystalline needles soluble in water.

cocholic acid with a base.

glycocin (gli'ko-sin), n. Same as glycocoll. glycocoll (gli'ko-kol), n. [ Gr. YAUKUS, sweet, +K622a, glue.] Amido-acetic acid (CH2.NH2. COOH), a substance having weak acid and also basic properties, formed when gelatin or various other animal substances are boiled with acids or alkalis. It is a crystalline solid having a sweetish taste. Also called glycin, glycocin, and gelatin sugar. glycogen (gli'ko-jen), n. [< Gr. Yukiç, sweet, +-yevs, producing: see -gen.] 1. A substance, C6H1005, belonging to the carbohydrates. When pure it is a white, amorphous, tasteless powder, insoluble

2551

in alcohol, soluble in water, and converted by boiling with acids into dextrose. Diastase converts it into dextrine, maltose, and dextrose. Iodine gives it a reddish-brown color. Glycogen is found in many animal tissues, both of vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in certain fungi. It is especially abundant in the liver. It is largely if not wholly derived from the carbohydrates of the food, and appears to be a reserve material deposited in the liver, which is converted as required into sugar and so enters the circulation. Also called animal starch. 2. In mycol., same as epiplasm. glycogenesis (gli-ko-jen e-sis), n. [< Gr. yλvKUC, Sweet,+yEveois, generation.] In pathol., the formation of glucose. glycogenetic (gli-ko-je-net'ik), a. Pertaining to glycogenesis. glycogenic (gli-ko-jen'ik), a. [<glycogen + -ic.] Of or pertaining to glycogen: as, the glycogenic function of the liver. glycogen-mass (gli'ko-jen-mås), n. Same as epiplasm.

glycogenous (gli-koj'e-nus), a. [< glycogen + -ous.] Same as glycogenic.

Similar glycogenous cells are met with in the walls of the lacunar spaces and on the "mesenteries" of the Snail. Huxley and Martin, Elementary Biology, p. 311, note.

glycohemia, glycohæmia (gli-kō-he'mi-ä), n. Same as glucohemia.

glycol (gli'kol), n. [glycerin) + (alcohol.] The general name of a class of compounds intermediate in their properties and chemical relations between alcohol and glycerol, or the bodies of which these are the types. An alcohol contains but one hydroxyl group, OH, as C2H5OH, or ethyl alcohol; a glycol contains two hydroxyl groups united to different carbon atoms, as C2H4(OH)2, ethyl glycol; a glycerol contains three hydroxyl groups' united to three carbon atoms, as C3H5(OH)3. Ethyl glycol is a liquid, inodorous, of a sweetish taste, and miscible with water and

alcohol.

glycolic (gli-kol'ik), a. [< glycol + -ic.] Pertaining to or derived from glycol. Glyconian (gli-ko'ni-an), a. Same as Glyconic. Glyconic (gli-kon'ik), a. and n. [K LL. Glyconius, Gr. Thuкvelos, Thiкwv, L. Glycon, the inventor of this meter.] I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to Glycon, an ancient Greek poet of uncertain date: with reference to a kind of verse or meter said to have been invented by him.-2. Pertaining to a particular verse or meter, consisting of four feet, one of which is a dactyl, sisting of such verses: as, a Glyconic system. the others being trochees; composed or con

See II.

in a series similar to a trochaic tetrapody cataII. n. [l. c.] In anc. pros., a meter consisting it by the substitution of a dactyl for the second lectic (~~), but differing from trochee; by an extension of meaning, any logamedic tetrapody, catalectic or acatalectic, in which three of the feet are trochees and one is a dactyl. A glyconic is called by recent metricians a first, second, or third glyconic, according as the dactyl is in the first, second, or third place. Glyconics seem to frequent in Alcæus and Sappho. Nothing certain is known have been first used by Alcman (about 660 B. C.), and are of the poot Glycon from whom this meter takes its name. glyconin (gli'ko-nin), n. [< glycerin) + -onin.] In phar., an emulsion of glycerol and yolk

of egg.

glycose, glycoside, etc. See glucose, etc. glycymerid (gli-sim'e-rid), n. A member of the Glycymerida.

Glycymeridæ (glis-i-mer'i-dē), n. pl. [NL. (Deshayes, 1839), Glycymeris + -ide.] A family of siphonate bivalve mollusks, consisting of the genera Glycymeris, Panopæa, and Pholadomya: same as Saxicavida. Also Glycimerida, Glycimerides. Glycymeris (gli-sim'e-ris), n. [NL. (Lamarck, 1801, after Belloni, 1553), also Glicimeris (Klein, 1753), Glycimeris, Glycimera; Gr. Yukis, sweet, +μepis, a part, a portion of food, morsel, < μépos, a part, <ueipeolau, part, divide.] A genus of bivalve mollusks, used in various applications by

now

different authors, giving name to the Glycymerida, and referred the family

to

Glycymeris siliqua.

Saxicavida. G. siliqua, a boreal clam, is the best-known species; the animal is larger than the shell, which is cov ered with a thick shining black epidermis, and roughened within with calcareous deposits. Glycyrrhiza (glis-i-ri' zä), n. [NL., Gr. y2vKuppila, a plant with a sweet root, licorice, <y Koç, sweet, + pica, root. The E. name licorice, also spelled liquorice, and ME. gliciride, are ult. from the same source.] A genus of leguminous

na, yields the licorice-root of commerce, and is cultivated in various parts of Europe. The root has a sweet taste and demulcent, laxative properties. One species, G. lepidota, is found in the United States. glycyrrhizin (glis-i-rīʼzin), n. [< Glycyrrhiza

in2] A peculiar saccharine matter (C24 H3609) obtained from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra. glyn, glynn (glin), n. [W. glyn, Ir. Gael. gleann (gen. glinne), a glen, a narrow valley: see glen.] An element in some Celtic place-names, meaning 'glen': as, Glyn-crwg, Glyn-taf, in Wales; Glynn in Antrim, Ireland. glyoxal (gli-ok'sal), n. [< Gr. yav(Kьç), sweet,

E. oral-ic.] A white, amorphous, deliquescent solid (CHO.CHO), soluble in water and alcohol. It is an aldehyde of oxalic acid. glyoxalic (gli-ok-sal'ik), a. Pertaining to or derived from glyoxal. [< glyoxal + -ic.] work, yupew, cut in, carve, engrave.] In glyph (glif), n. [< Gr. y2vph, carving, carved sculp. and arch., a groove or channel, usually vertical, intended as an ornament. See triglyph. glyphic (glif'ik), a. and n. [< Gr. yλvoikós, of y2vph, carving: see glyph.] I. a. Of or pertainor for carving (y2vpukh, the art of carving), < ing to a glyph or glyphs; pertaining to carving or sculpture.

implied; a hieroglyphic. II. n. A picture or figure by which a word is pic, pl. yupides, the notched end of an arrow,< Glyphideæ (gli-fid'e-e), n. pl. [NL., < Gr. yλvyupe, cut in, carve: see glyph.] A family of gymnocarpous lichens, containing one British genus, Chiodecton. Glyphidodon (gli-fid'o-don), n. [NL., Gr. Yvois, the notched end of an arrow (see Glyphidea), + odovç (odovr-)= E. tooth.] A genus of fishes, typical of the family Glyphidodontida. Also Glyphisodon. Glyphidodontes (gli-fid-o-don'tēz), n. pl. [NL., pl. of Glyphidodon.] A group of fishes: a name substituted for Glyphisodia, and an inexact synonym of Pomacentrida. S. H. Scudder. Glyphidodontidae (gli-fid-o-don'ti-dē), n. pl. [NL., Glyphidodon (t-)+ida.] A family of acanthopterygian fishes, typified by the genus Glyphidodon or Glyphisodon: same as Pomacentrida.

Glyphipterygidæ (gli- fip-te-rij'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., Glyphipteryx (-yg-) + -idæ.] A family of tineid moths, taking name from the genus Glyphipteryx. The head is globular, with smooth, moderately arched front; there are no ocelli; the palpi are hair-like and moderately long; the proboscis is rolled; and the fore wings have the hind border oblique. The larvæ are leaf-miners, or live in the seeds of grasses. Glyphipteryx (gli-fip'te-riks), n. [NL. (Hübner, 1816), Gr. y2voic, the notched end of an arrow (see Glyphidea), + TTÉрpus, wing.] A genus of tineids, typical of the family Glyphipterygida, having the palpi laterally flattened. The larvæ eat the seed-heads of grasses. Several European and three North American species are described. Glyphisodia (glif-i-so'di-ä), n. pl. [NL., an erroneous formation, now displaced by the correct recent form Glyphidodontes, q. v.] A group

Glyphisodia

of fishes: same as Glyphidodontes. C. S. Rafinesque, 1815. Glyphisodon (gli-fis'o-don), n. [NL., an erroneous formation, now displaced by the correct recent form Glyphidodon.] Same as Glyphidodon. Lacepède, 1802. glyphoceratid (glif-o-ser'a-tid), n. A cephalopod of the family Glyphoceratida. Glyphoceratida (glifo-se-rat'i-dē), n. pl. [NL., Gr. yige, carve, + Képac (Kepar-), horn, +ida.] A family of Goniatiting. "They have depressed whorls, semilunar in cross-section; the sutures the lower; the first pair of lateral lobes pointed, and the

with divided ventral lobes in the higher forms, but not in

large

saddles entire in some species and divided in

others. Proe, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1853, p. 322. Also Glyphioceratida. Glyphodes (glif'o-dez), n. [NL. (Guenée, 1854), Gr. 72, carving (engraving): see glyph.] A genus of pyralid moths, of the family Margarodida, composed of four beautiful East Indian species of striking coloration. glyphograph (glif'o-gråf), n. [<Gr.voh, carv ing (engraving), +ypage, write.] A plate formed by glyphography, or an impression taken from such a plate. glyphograph (glif'o-graf), v. t. [<glyphograph, n. To form plates by glyphography. glyphographer (gli-fogʻra-fèr), n. One versed in, or one who practises, glyphography. glyphographic (glif-o-grafik), a. [< glyphography+ic.] Of or pertaining to glyphography. glyphography (gli-fog'ra-fi), n. [As glyphography.] A kind of electrotypy by means of which plates engraved in relief are made, from which impressions can be taken. A copper plate is covered with a ground such as is employed in ordinary etching, but of considerable thickness, and this ground is cut away by etching or engraving-tools so as to expose recesses or incisions in the ground constituting the raised ridges which form the design of the glyphograph.

the metal plate. From this the electro cast is made, the

Glypta (glip'tä), n. [NL. (Gravenhorst, 1829), Gr. Yuros, carved: see glyptic.] An important genus of hymenopterous parasites, of the family Ichneumonide and subfamily Pimplina, of small size, usually infesting microlepidopterous larvæ. There are about 40 European and 30 North American species. glyptic (glip'tik), a. [< MGr. yuntikós, < Gr. YAUTÓC, fit for carving, carved (neut. YAUTÓ, a carved image), verbal adj. of yboew, carve: see glyph.] 1. Pertaining to carving or engraving: as, the glyptic art. See glyptics.

It will be convenient after noticing sculpture in marble to take next in order Bronzes and Terracottas; we thus pass by a natural transition from Glyptic to Plastic Art. C. T. Newton, Art and Archaol., p. 50.

2. In mineral., figured. glyptics (glip'tiks), n. [Pl. of glyptic: see -ics.] The art of carving or engraving. The word is applied especially to engraving on gems or hard stones, now performed with diamond powder and diamond-pointed instruments; also to the cutting of designs upon such ani

mal substances as shells, coral, and ivory, and such vegetable products as box, ebony, and other hard woods. glyptodipterine (glip-to-dip'te-rin), a. and n. I. a. Pertaining to the Glyptodipterini. II. n. One of the Glyptodipterini. Glyptodipterini (glip-to-dip-te-ri'ni), n. pl. [NL., Gr. YAUTÓS, carved,+ diTTEpos, having two wings: see dipterous.] In Huxley's system of classification, a group of Devonian ganoid fishes, of the suborder Crossopterygidi. Its technical characters are: two dorsal fins placed far back opposite the two ventrals, acutely lobate pectorals, and boid and those with cycloid scales, respectively represented by such genera as Glyptolema and Holoptychius. Glyptodon (glip'to-don), n. [NL. (so named from its fluted teeth), Gr. 72urroc, carved, + ¿dorç (¿dovt-) = E. tooth.] 1. The typical and best-known genus of the family Glypto

dendrodont dentition. It is divided into those with rhom

dontida; the long-tailed fossil armadillos or glyp todons, with 5 toes on the

Glyptodon (Glyptodon clavipes).

hind feet and 4 on the fore, the fifth digit of which is wanting. Species are G. clavipes and G. reticulatus, from the Pleistocene of South America.-2. [l. c.] An animal of the family Glyptodontide or Hoplophoride; one of the gigantic

fossil armadillos of South America. They are all distinguished from the living armadillos not only by their superior size, but by having the carapace composed of a single solid piece without movable segments, and also by possessing a ventral shield or plastron. The superficial

2552

resemblance to tortoises is striking; the feet are like those of some turtles, and, as in chelonians, the head could be withdrawn into the shell, though the rest of the vertebral column is a solid tube. The genera are several and the species rather numerous.

One of the

glyptodont (glip'to-dont), a. and n. [< NL. glyptodon(t-).] I. a. Having fluted teeth; specifically, of or pertaining to the Glyptodontide. II. n. A glyptodon. Also glyptodontine. glyptodontid (glip-to-don'tid), n. Glyptodontida. Glyptodontidae (glip-to-don'ti-dē), n. pl. [NL., Glyptodon(t-) + -ida.] A family of extinct armadillos of South America, represented by the genus Glyptodon. It formerly contained all these animals, but is now restricted to those of the single genus named, others being placed in Hoplophorida. See cut under Glyptodon. glyptodontine (glip-to-don'tin), a. and n. glyptodont + -ine1.] Same as glyptodont. glyptograph (glip'to-graf), n. [ Gr. Tóc, carved, páperv, write.] An engraving on a gem or other small object. See gem-engraving. An englyptographer (glip-tog'ra-fèr), n. graver on gems or the like. glyptographic (glip-to-grafʼik), a. [< glyptography + -ic.] Of or pertaining to glyptography; describing the methods of engraving on precious stones or the like.

A particularly valuable part of this introduction is the glyptographick lithology. British Critic, Oct., 1797. glyptography (glip-togʻra-fi), n. [As glyptograph + -y.] 1. The art or process of carving or engraving, particularly of engraving on gems or the like.-2. A description of the art of gemengraving.-3. The knowledge of engraved

gems.

Glyptosauridæ (glip-to-sâ'ri-dē), n. pl. [NL., <Glyptosaurus + -ida.] A family of fossil saurians from the Tertiary, typified by the genus Glyptosaurus: so called from the sculptured scales:

Glyptosaurus (glip-to-sâ'rus), n. [NL., < Gr. тós, carved, oavpoç, lizard.] The typical genus of Glyptosaurida. O. C. Marsh, 1871. glyptotheca (glip-to-the'kä), n.; pl. glyptotheca (-se). [NL., ‹ Gг. уλνπтóv, a carved image, neut. of Urós, carved (see glyptic), + Onn, a case, a repository: see theca.] A building or room for the preservation of works of sculp

ture.

glystert (glis'ter), n. A variant of clyster. G. M. An abbreviation of Grand Master. Gmelina (mel'i-nä), n. [NL., named after S. G. Gmelin, professor of natural history at St. Petersburg (died 1774).] A genus of verbenaceous shrubs and trees, including 8 species of eastern Asia and Australia. G. Leichtlinii, known in Australia as the beech or coo-in-new, is a fine timber-tree, the wood of which has a close silvery grain and is much prized for flooring and the decks of vessels.

gmelinite (mel'i-nit), n. [Named after Christian Gottlob Gmelin of Tübingen (1792-1860).] A zeolitic mineral closely related to chabazite in form and composition, and like it often oc

gnarl

Thou scourge maad of ful touz skyn,
Knottid & gnaggil, y crie on thee.

Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 211. Gnamptorhynchus (namp-to-ring' kus), n. [NL., Gr. vauntóc, curved, bent, + pixos, snout.] A notable genus of arachnidans, of the subclass Pycnogonida. Böhmer, 1879. gnap, v. and n. See knap1. gnaphalioid (na-fal'i-oid), a. [< Gnaphalium + -oid.] In bot., belonging or pertaining to the group of genera (in the order Composita) of which Gnaphalium is the type. [NL., < L. guaGnaphalium (nā-fā'li-um), n. phalion, Gr. yvaoázov, a downy plant used in stuffing cushions, supposed to be cudweed, or, according to others, lavender-cotton.] 1. A large genus of hoary-tomentose or woolly herbs, belonging to the order Composite. There are about 100 species, distributed over most parts of the globe. The yellow or whitish flowers are in small discoid clustered

heads, with a scarious and often colored involucre. The

common species are known by the popular names cudweed and everlasting. The leaves and flowers are generally

slightly bitter and astringent, and are sometimes used 2. [. c.] A plant of this genus.

medicinally.

Some bunches of wild sage, Gnaphalium, and other hardy aromatic herbs spotted the yellow soil. B. Taylor, Lands of the Saracen, p. 64. gnapperts, ". See knapperts. gnar1, n. See knar1. gnar2 (när), r. i.; pret. and pp. gnarred, ppr. gnarring. [Also gnarr, knar, gnarl; not found in ME. or AS. (the alleged AS. *gnyrran or *gnyrian is dubious); = D. knorren, snarl, grumble, G. gnarren, LG. knurren, knorren, gnurren = G. knurren, snarl, growl, = Dan. knurre, snarl, growl, = Sw. knorra, murmur, growl; cf. G. knarren, and knirren, creak; appar. ult. imitative, and variable in form.] To growl or snarl, as a dog.

For and this curre do gnar.

Skelton, Why Come Ye nat to Courte? 1. 297.
A thousand wants
Gnarr at the heels of men.

Tennyson, In Memoriam, xcviii.

gnaret, n. [ME., with a corresponding verb, found only in Wyclif (except that the verb occurs once, spelled gnarre, in Palsgrave), with a var. grane, appar. connecting it with grin, var. grene, grane, etc. (see grin2); but it cannot have been a variant in actual speech of either grin2 or snare, in the same sense, and it occurs too often to be regarded as a mere miswriting. It may perhaps have been an orig. miswriting of snare (which is also used in Wyclif), confused perhaps with grin2 and adopted by Wyclif as an independent word and used as such in subsequent passages. It is used in several instances as an alternative of snare and also of grin.] A snare; a noose; a grin; a trap. Goinge awey he hangide hym with a grane, or a gnare. Wyclif, Mat. xxvii. 5 (Oxf.).

Thei that wolen be maad riche fallen into temptacioun and into gnare of the deuel. Wyclif, 1 Tim. vi. 9 (Oxf.). gnaret, v. t. [ME. gnaren; ‹ gnare, n.] To catch in a snare or noose; snare; choke.

Abijd. that thei go and falle bacward, and ben tobrosed, and gnared and taken. Wyclif, Isa. xxviii. 13(Oxf.).

Thes double mannis lawes, the popis and the emperours, letten [prevent] Goddis lawe to growe and gnare the chirche, as tares gnaren corn, and letten [prevent] it to Wyclif, Select Works (ed. Arnold), I. 96. Ignarre in a halter or corde, I stoppe ones breathe or snarl one. Palsgrave.

knack.

gnaff (naf), n. [Origin obscure. Cf. gnoff Any small or stunted object. gnagt, v. t. [Also, improp., knag; ME. gnaggen, a secondary (Scand.) form of gnawen, gnaw: flected use.] To gnaw; bite; cut. see gnaw. Cf. nag1, the same word in a de

Sweche shul ben bounden up be the beltys til flys hem blowe,

And gnaggyd up by the gomys tyl the devyl doth hem grone. Coventry Mysteries, p. 384.

gnarityt, n. [In Minsheu, gnaritie; < LL. gnarita(t)s, knowledge, ‹ L. gnarus, knowing, skilful, expert, also rarely narus and gnaruris, < gnoscere, usually noscere = Gr. voKew, know,

E. know: see know1.] Knowledge; experience; skilfulness. Minsheu, 1625. gnarl1 (närl), n. [Prop., as formerly, knarl; but gnarl is the present general spelling; a dim. form, with suffix -1, of gnar, properly knar: see knar1, n.] A knot; a knotty growth in wood; a rough irregular protuberance on a tree. Gnarls without and knots within.

Landor. It is always the knots and gnarls of the oak that he [Carlyle] admires, never the perfect and balanced tree. Lowell, Study Windows, p. 126.

gnarl1 (närl), v. t. [< gnarl1, n.] To give a rough ridging or milling to, as to the edge of a thumbscrew.

gnarl2 (närl), r. i. [Freq. of gnar2.] Same as gnar2. Minsheu.

Ah, thus King Harry throws away his crutch,
Before his legs be firm to bear his body:
Thus is the shepherd beaten from thy side,
And wolves are gnarling who shall gnaw thee first.
Shak., 2 Hen. VI., iii. 1.

gnathonic

That Jack's is somewhat of a gnathonic and parasitic soul, or stomach, all Bideford apple-women know.

=

odous.

kind.

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Grout-head gnat-snappers, lob-dotterels, gaping change. lings. Urquhart, tr. of Rabelais, i. 25. Kingsley, Westward Ho, p. 150. gnatter (natʼér),v.i. [E. dial.; cf. gnast2, gnaw.] gnathopod (nath'o-pod), a. and n. [<NL. gna- 1. To gnaw.-2. To grumble. [Prov. Eng.] thopus (-pod-), Gr. váltos, jaw, + TOS (Tod-) gnat-worm (nat'werm), n. The larva of a gnat. E. foot.] 1. a. Jaw-footed; of or pertaining gnaw (nâ), v. [< ME. gnawen, gnazen (pret. to the Gnathopoda, in any sense. Also gnathop-gnew, gnow, pl. gnewen, pp. gnawen), AS. gnagan (pret. *gnog, pl. for-gnōgon, pp. *gnaII. n. A member of the Gnathopoda, of any gen) = D. knagen, knaauwen East Fries. knagen = OLG. cnagan LG. (Brem.) gnauen, Gnathopoda (nā-thopʻō-dä), n. pl. [NL., neut. with freq. gnaueln, gnaggeln = OHG. gnagan, pl. of gnathopus: see gnathopod.] 1. The nagan, and chnagan, MHG. nagen, G. nagen = xiphosures or horseshoe crabs regarded as an Icel. gnaga, mod. naga = Sw. gnaga = Norw. order of Arachnida. Straus-Durkheim, 1829.- gnaga and knaga = Dan. gnave and nage, gnaw. 2. In some systems of classification, a subclass Hence gnag, nag11, secondary forms, related or suborder of Crustacea, corresponding to En- to gnaw as drag is to draw.] I. trans. 1. To tomostraca in a broad sense; the lower series of bite off little by little; bite or scrape away with the crustaceans, contrasted with the malacos- the front teeth; erode or eat into. tracans or Thoracipoda.

gnathostegite (na-thos'te-jit), n. [< Gr. yváOos, jaw, orέyos, roof, + -ite2.] In Crustacea, a lamellar expansion of the ischiopodite and meropodite of the external maxilliped or third thoracic limb, which with its fellow covers the other mouth-parts. It may be terminated by a small jointed endognathal palp. Gnathostoma (na-thos'to-mä), n. [NL., < Gr. yvábos, jaw, + oróua, mouth.] A genus of nematoid entozoic worms, found in the stomach of the Felidæ or cat tribe. R. Owen. See Chiracanthus, 2.

Gnathostomata (nath-o-stō'ma-tä), n. pl. [NL., pl. of Gnathostoma, q. v.] 1. A group of entomostracous crustaceans, containing the phyllopods, copepods, and ostracodes, as a suborder of Entomostraca.-2. A tribe of true copepods, having a completely segmented body and masticatory mouth-parts, and being for the most part not parasitic. It contains the families Cyclopida, Calanidæ, and Notodelphyida. Claus. gnathostomatous (nath-o-stom'a-tus), a. [< Gnathostomata + -ous.] Pertaining to the Gnathostomata. Also gnathostomous. Gnathostomi (na-thos'tō-mi), n. pl. [NL., pl. of gnathostomus: see gnathostomous.] The jawmouthed series of skulled vertebrates, including all of these excepting the Cyclostomi or Monorhina (hags and lampreys). Like Amphirhina, with which it is conterminous, the term expresses rather an evolutionary series than a definite zoological group of

animals.

gnathostomous (na-thos'to-mus), a. [< NL. gnathostomus, Gr. yválos, jaw, + orbua, mouth.] 1. Having an under jaw: specifically applied to the Gnathostomi.-2. Same as gnathostomatous. gnathotheca (nath-o-the'kä), n.; pl. gnathotheca (-se). [NL., <Gr. yvabos, the jaw, + Ohn, case.] In ornith., the integument of the gnathidium; the horny or leathery investment of the under mandible. [Little used.] Gnathoxys (na-thok'sis), n. [NL. (Westwood, 1843), Gr. yvados, jaw, + oss, sharp.] 1. A genus of caraboid ground-beetles of Australia, comprising about 12 large species, black, broadly convex, with irregularly foveolate elytra. 2. A genus of ichneumon-flies, with two European species. Wesmael, 1844. gnatling (natʼling), n. [< gnat1 + -ling1.] A little gnat: used contemptuously of a person. But if some man more hardy than the rest Shall dare attack these gnatlings in their nest, At once they rise with impotence of rage, Whet their small stings, and buzz about the stage. Churchill, Rosciad.

gnat-snapt, n. Same as gnat-snapper, 1.

The little gnat-snap (worthy princes boords), And the greene parrat, fainer of our words, Wait on the phoenix, and admire her tunes, And gaze themselves in her blew-golden plumes. Du Bartas (trans.). gnat-snappert (nat'snap"ér), n. 1. A bird that catches gnats for food: probably the beccafico. Hakewill.-2. A stupid gaping fellow.

His children wende that it for hongir was That he his armes gnow (var. gnew). Chaucer, Monk's Tale, 1. 458. The Volsces have much corn; take these rats thither, To gnaw their garners. Shak., Cor., i. 1. They were to eat their bread, not gnawing it after the manner of rustics, but curialiter, like gentlemen, after a

courtly fashion.

Contemporary Rev., LIII. 60. 2. To bite upon, as in close thought, vexation,

rage, etc.

Then gnaw'd his pen, then dash'd it on the ground.
Pope, Dunciad, i. 117.

At this he turn'd all red and paced his hall,
Now gnaw'd his under, now his upper lip.
Tennyson, Geraint.

3. To wear away as if by continued biting; consume; fret; waste.

Thou, in envy of him, gnaw'st thyself. B. Jonson, Every Man out of his Humour, i. 1. Some derive the word Rhodanus [modern Rhone] from the Latine word rodere, which signifieth to gnaw, because in certaine places it doth continually gnaw and eat his Coryat, Crudities, I. 62. To bite or gnaw a file. See file1. Syn. 1. Chew. See eat. II. intrans. 1. To act by or as if by continual biting away of small fragments or portions.

bankes.

Take from my heart those thousand thousand Furies, That restless gnaw upon my life, and save me! Fletcher (and another), False One, iv. 3. If a Serpent gnawing in our bowels be a representation of an insupportable misery here, what will that be of the Worm that never dies? Stillingfleet, Sermons, I. v. Wretched hunger gnaweth at my heart. William Morris, Earthly Paradise, II. 156. 2. To bite or nibble at the hook, as fish. [Fishermen's slang.]

gnawt, n. [< gnaw, v.] A gnawing.

Nine days I struggled-think the cruel strife,
The gnaw of anguish, and the waste of life!
Boyse, Written in the Palace of Falkland.

gnawable (nâ'a-bl), a. [< gnaw, v., + -able.] That may be gnawed.

Undisturbed, the rats played in wild riot through my hut during the day, and in the night gnawed everything H. O. Forbes, Eastern Archipelago, p. 484. gnawable. gnawed (nâd), p. a. In bot., irregularly toothed, as if from gnawing; erose. gnawer (nâ ́èr), n. 1. One who or that which gnaws or corrodes. They [porcupines] are great gnawers, and will gnaw your house down if you are not watchful. J. Burroughs, The Century, XXXVI. 617. 2. In zoöl.: (a) A rodent. (b) pl. The Rodentia, Rosores, or Glires. gnawing (nâ'ing), n. [< ME. gnawinge D. knaging; verbal n. of gnaw, v.] The act of continued biting, consuming, or fretting.

=

Nowe therefore let vs here rehearse the contencion of familiar thinges, the gnawing at the heartes, and the freating of mindes & vowes, promises and requestes made of

diuerse persones.

Hall, Hen. VII., an. 19.

gneiss (nīs), n. [< G. gneiss (as defined); said to be connected with OHG. gneista, etc., MHG. gneiste, etc., a spark: see gnast1 and ganister. Cf. the meaning of mica.] A rock which consists essentially of the same mineral elements as granite, namely orthoclase, quartz, and mica, but in which there is a more or less distinctly foliated arrangement of the constituent minerals, and especially of the mica. It appears in a great variety of forms, and shows all stages of passage from true granite to a perfectly schistose condition, in which case the feldspar disappears, and the rock becomes a true mica schist. Porphyritic gneiss is characterized by the presence of large distinct crystals or rounded kernel-like masses of feldspar. Gneiss often contains hornblende instead of or associated with mica, and then receives the name of hornblendic or syenitic gneiss. Some gneisses are undoubtedly of eruptive origin; other varieties are admitted by most geologists to be metamorphosed sedimentary masses. As is the case with granite, so in gneiss the orthoclase is sometimes associated with plagio.

clase. See granite.

gneissic (ni'sik), a. [< gneiss + -ic.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling gneiss; gneissose.

gneissoid (ni'soid), a. [< gneiss + -oid.] Resembling gneiss in structure, especially with reference to the foliated arrangement of the constituents. Rocks are called gneissoid when they have the gneissic structure only imperfectly developed. gneissose (ni ́sōs), a. [< gneiss + -ose.] Having the qualities of, resembling, or exhibiting the texture or structure of gneiss.

Granite, but with gneissose aspect. Nature, XXX. 46. Gnetaceæ (nē-tā'sē-ē), n. pl. [NL., <Gnetum + -aceæ.] A gymnospermous order of shrubs or small trees, usually jointed, with opposite leaves and monoecious or dioecious flowers. The perianth of the male flower is membranous and twolobed, and that of the female flower utricular. The only genera are Gnetum, Ephedra, and Welwitschia. gnetaceous (ne-ta' shius), a. [ Gnetacea + -ous.] Belonging to or resembling the Gnetaceæ.

In the Gnetaceous Ephedra altissima, a process of cellformation goes on in the oospore. Encyc. Brit., XX. 429.

Gnetum (nē'tum), n. [NL. (Rumphius, 1767), altered from Gnemon (Rumphius, 1741), gnemon or gnemo, given as its name in the island of Ternate, Malay archipelago.] A genus of climbing shrubs, type of the order Gnetacea, including 15 species, natives of tropical regions. They have jointed stems, opposite dilated leaves, flowers verticillate in terminal spikes, and the fruit often drupa

ceous. The fruit of G. Gnemon and some other Asiatic spe cies is edible, and the young leaves are used as a vegetable. gnewt. An obsolete preterit of gnaw. gnidet, v. t. [< ME. gniden, ‹ AS. gnīdan (pret. grad, pl. gnidon, pp. ge-gniden), rub, break to pieces, = OHG. gnitan, MHG. gniten = Icel. gnidha Sw. gnida = Dan. gnide, rub.] To rub; bruise; pound; break in pieces. Herbes he sought and fond,

=

And gnidded hem bitwix his hond.
Arthour and Merlin, p. 94. (Halliwell.)

=

gnitt, n. [ME. gnit, pl. gnyttus = LG. gnid= G. gnitze, a gnat, Icel. gnit, mod. nitr = Norw. gnit =Sw. gnet = Dan. gnid, a nit. Cf. gnat1. The AS. hnitu, E. nit, is appar. a different word: see nit.] A gnat. gnodt, v. t. [ME. gnodden, gnudden, a var. of gnidden, a secondary form of gniden, rub (cf. Icel. gnudda (Jonsson, Ordbog, p. 179), the usual Icel. form being gnua, mod. nua, rub): see gnide.] To rub together; bruise; pound; break to pieces.

Corn up sprong unsowe of mannes hond, The which they gnodded, and eet nat half inow. Chaucer, Former Age, 1. 11. gnofft, n. [< ME. gnof, usually explained as a miser, but rather a churl, a lout (cf. 2d quot.); origin unknown. Cf. Sc. gnaff, any small or stunted object.] A churl; a curmudgeon.

Whilom ther was dwellynge at Oxenford
A riche gnof, that gestes heeld to bord,
And of his craft he was a carpenter.

Chaucer, Miller's Tale, 1. 2.
The country gnooffes, Hob, Dick, and Hick,
With clubbes and clouted shoon,
Shall fill up Dussyn dale

With slaughtered bodies soone. Norfolke Furies (1623). (Halliwell.) Gnoma (nō'mä), n. [NL. (Fabricius, 1801); so called in allusion to its dwelling in the earth; gnome2.] A genus of longicorn beetles, of the family Cerambycidæ, containing about 20 species, confined to Australia and the Malay peninsula.

gnome1 (nom; L. pron. nō'mē), n. [<LL. gnome, a sentence, maxim, < Gr. yvóun, thought, judgment, intelligence, a thought, a judgment, an opinion, a maxim, < yiyvásokεiv, visvai = L. noscere, know, E. know: see know1.] A brief reflection or maxim; an aphorism; a saying; a

Looking at His method or style, we find that not a little of His teaching was in gnomes, or brief, pointed sentences, easy to be remembered.

G. P. Fisher, Begin. of Christianity, p. 456. =Syn. See aphorism. [= D. G. Dan. Sw. gnom, < gnome2 (nõm), n. F. gnome = Sp. Pg. It. gnomo, a gnome, a factitious name, (by Paracelsus?) appar. taken < Gr. yvóun, thought, intelligence, or yvíμwv, one that knows or examines, an inspector or