gamble

We make of life a gamble, and our institutions, our edu cation, our literature, our ideals, and even our religion, all foster the spirit. N. A. Rev., CXLII. 395. When they take their "little all" ... out of the dull Three per Cents and put it into the Snowy Mountain Mines (Salted), which promise them thirty per cent., they are well aware that they are going in for a gamble.

T. G. Bowles, Flotsam and Jetsam, xxxviii. gamble2 (gam'bl), n. [Dim. of gamb, or var. of the related gambrel.] A leg. [Prov. Eng.] gambler (gam'blèr), n. One who gambles; one addicted to gaming or playing for money or other stakes; a gamester.

топ.

A gambler's acquaintance is readily made and easily kept-provided you gamble too. Bulwer, Pelham, lxxiv. gambling-house (gam'bling-hous), n. A gaming-house; a house kept for the accommodation of persons who play at games of hazard for stakes. Common gambling-house. See comgamboge (gam-bōj′ or -böj′), n. [Also written gambooge; a corruption (prob. originating in trade use) of what would reg. be camboge (NL. cambogia),<Camboja, usually called Cambodia, a French protectorate in Farther India.] A gum resin, the inspissated juice of various species of the guttiferous genus Garcinia. The gamboge of commerce is mainly derived from G. Hanburyi, a handsome laurel-like tree of Siam, Cambodia, and Cochin China. (See cut under Garcinia.) It is of a rich brown ish-orange color, becoming brilliant yellow when pow. dered, forming a yellow emulsion with water, and having a disagreeable acrid taste. It is a drastic purgative, but is seldom used in medicine except in combination. It is mostly used as a pigment in water-color painting, producing transparent yellows, verging on brown in deep masses. It is quite durable as a water-color, and fairly so in oil. Ceylon gamboge is obtained from G. Morella. False gamboge is a similar but inferior product of G. Xantho

chymus. The so-called American gamboge is the juice of

Vismia Guianensis and other species of South America. In doses of a dram or even less gamboge has produced

death.

gambogian, gambogic (gam-bōʼji-an or -böʻjian, gam-bo'jik or -böʻjik), a. Pertaining to gamboge.

gamboised (gamʼboizd), a. [< OF. gamboisé, gambise, etc., gambais, gambeson: see gambeson.] Quilted or padded, as in the making of a gambeson; especially, quilted in longitudinal folds or ridges so as to be pliable in one direction and more or less stiff in the other. gamboiserie (F. pron. goù-bwo-zė-rē ́), n. Gamboised work.

game

cards, dice, or roulette; the games of billiards, draughts, and dominoes; athletic games; the Floral games. The games of classical antiquity were chiefly public trials of athletic skill and endurance, as in throwing the discus, wrestling, boxing, leaping, running, horse- and chariot-racing, etc. They were exhibited either periodically, usually in honor of some god, as the Olympic, Pythian, Nemean, and Isthmian games of Greece, the Ludi Apollinares at Rome, etc., or from time to time for the amusement of the people, as the Circensian games at Rome. The prizes in the Greek periodical games were generally without intrinsic value, as garlands or wreaths of olive- or laurel-leaves, of parsley, etc.; but at the Panathenaic games of Athens the prizes were quantities of olive-oil from the consecrated orchards, given in a special type of painted amphore, of which a hundred or more might constitute a single prize. The four great Greek national games formed the strongest bond in the nature of a national union between the various independent Greek states. At them any person of Hellenic blood had the honor in Greece; and citizens of all states, however hostile, met at these games in peace.

And meet me: or I'll box you while I have you, And carry you gambrill'd thither like a mutton. Fletcher (and another?), Nice Valour, iv. 1. 2. To form with a curb or crook: as, a gambreled roof.

Here and there was a house in the then new style, threecornered, with gambrelled roof and dormer windows. S. Judd, Margaret, p. 33. (Bartlett.) A roof the gambrel-roof (gamʼbrel-röf), n. slope of which is broken by an obtuse angle like that of an animal's gambrel; a curb-roof. See extract under gambrel, n., 1. gambroon (gam-brön'), n. [Perhaps Gombroon (Gomeroon, Gomberoan), a Persian seaport (now called Bender Abbasi), from which a large export trade was formerly carried on.] Atwilled cloth: (1) of worsted and cotton. used for summer trousers; (2) of linen, made for linings. Dict. of Needlework. Gambusia (gam-bū ́si-ä), n. [NL. (Poey, about 1850); Cuban gambusina or gambusino, nothing: a proverbial term expressing humorously a supposed something that is really nothing.] A genus of cyprinodont fishes, containing such ovoviviparous killifishes as G. patruelis, known as the top-minnow, a common species in the lowland streams of the southern Atlantic States.

Gambusiinæ (gam-bū-si-i'nē), n. pl. [NL., Gambusia + -ina.] A subfamily of cyprinodont fishes, typified by the genus Gambusia. They have the dentary bones firmly united, the eyes nornal, and the sexes diverse, the anal fin of the male being advanced forward and its anterior rays modified as an intromittent organ. The species are of small size and confined to America.

Quid est quod sic gestis? What is the matter that you leape and skyppe so? for that you fet such gambauldes. Udall, Flowers of Latin Speaking, fol. 72. Some to disport them selfs their sondry maistries tried on

grasse,

And some their gamboldes plaid. Phaer, Eneid, vi.

Bacchus through the conquer'd Indies rode, And beasts in gambols frisk'd before their honest god. Dryden. gambol (gam'bol), v. i.; pret. and pp. gamboled, gambolled, ppr. gamboling, gambolling. [From the noun; cf. F. gambiller, kick about, OF. gambille, dim. of gambe, F. jambe, leg: see gambol, n.] To skip about in sport; caper in frolic, like children or lambs; frisk carelessly or heedlessly.

Be kind and courteous to this gentleman; Hop in his walks, and gambol in his eyes; Feed him with apricocks and dewberries; With purple grapes, green figs, and mulberries. Shak., M. N. D., iii. 1. It is not madness That I have uttered: bring me to the test, And I the matter will re-word; which madness Would gambol from. Shak., Hamlet, iii. 4. Bears, tigers, ounces, pards, Gamboll'd before them. Milton, P. L., iv. 345. =Syn. To frolic, romp, caper. gambonet, n. and v. An obsolete form of gammon2.

gambrel (gamʼbrel), n. [Also written gambril, cambrel, cambril, chambrel (cf. E. dial. gammerel, the small of the leg, and gamble, a leg); < OF. gambe, F. jambe, the leg: see gamb, jamb.] 1. The hock of a horse or other animal.

=

=

Icel. gaman, game, sport, amusement, OSw. gammen, Sw. gamman = ODan. gamell, Dan. gammen, mirth, merriment. Hence ult. gamble, gammon1.] I. n. 1. Mirth; amusement; play; sport of any kind; joke; jest, as opposed to earnest: as, to make game of a person, or of his pretensions or actions (now the chief use of the word in this sense). See to make game of, below.

"Wherefore," quod she, "in ernest and in game, To putte in me the defaute ye are to blame." Generydes (E. E. T. S.), 1. 874. But goldles for to be it is no game. Chaucer, Shipman's Tale, 1. 290. And gladness through the palace spread, Wi' mickle game and glee. Skin Anna; Fair Annie (Child's Ballads, III. 389). Then on her head they sett a girlond greene, And crowned her twixt earnest and twixt game. Spenser, F. Q., I. xii. 8. We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game. Shak., L. L. L., v. 2. These many years in this most wretched island We two have liv'd, the scorn and game of Fortune. Fletcher (and another), Sea Voyage, i. 3. Thou shalt stand to all posterity, The eternal game and laughter. 2. A play or sport for amusement or diversion.

B. Jonson, Sejanus, v. 4.

In their games children are actors, architects, and poets, and sometimes musical composers as well.

J. Sully, Outlines of Psychol., p. 540.

3. A contest for success or superiority in a trial of chance, skill, or endurance, or of any two or all three of these combined: as, a game at

Lycaon hath the report of setting our first publicke games, and proving of maistries and feats of strength and activitee, in Arcadia. Holland, tr. of Pliny, vii. 56. A fool That seest a game play'd home, the rich stake drawn. Shak., W. T., i. 2. In certain nations also there were instituted particular games of the Torch, to the honour of Prometheus; in which they who ran for the prize carried lighted torches. Bacon, Physical Fables, ii. "My cocks," says he, "are true cocks of the game - I make a match of cock-fighting, and then an hundred or two pounds are soon won, for I never fight a battle under." Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 20.

4. The art or mode of playing at a game: as, he plays a remarkable game.

"What wilt thou bet," said Robin Hood, "Thou seest our game the worse?" Robin Hood and Queen Katherine (Child's Ballads, V. 317).

5. The successful result of a game, or that which is staked on the result: as, the game is ours.

All the best archers of the north
Sholde come upon a daye,

And he that shoteth altherbest
The game shall bere away.

Lytell Geste of Robyn Hode (Child's Ballads, V. 93).
The ladies began to shout,

"Madam, your game is gone." Robin Hood and Queen Katherine (Child's Ballads, V. 317). 6. The requisite number of points or advantages to be gained in order to win a game: as, in cribbage 61 is game or the game.—7. A scheme; plan; project; artifice.

From Lord Sunderland's returning to his post all men concluded that his declaring as he did for the exclusion was certainly done by direction from the King, who naturally loved craft and a double game. Bp. Burnet, Hist. Own Times, an. 1682. Amorous sport; gallantry; intrigue.

8+.

Set them down
For sluttish spoils of opportunity,
And daughters of the game.

Shak., T. and C., iv. 5. 9. Sport in the field; field-sports, as the chase, falconry, etc.

Some sportsmen, that were abroad upon game, spied a company of bustards and cranes. Sir R. L'Estrange. 10. That which is pursued or taken in hunting; the spoil of the chase; quarry; prey.

Both of howndes and hawkis game,
After, he taught hym all; and same,
In sea, in feld, and eke in ryvere.

Quoted in Strutt's Sports and Pastimes, p. 11. The nearer the hound hunting is to his game, the greater is his desire, the fresher is the scent.

J. Bradford, Letters (Parker Soc., 1853), II. 205.
Hynde Etin's to the hunting gane;
And he has tane wi him his eldest son,
For to carry his game.

Hynde Etin (Child's Ballads, I. 296).
The King return'd from out the wild,
He bore but little game in hand.

Tennyson, The Victim. 11. Collectively, animals of the chase; those wild animals that are pursued or taken for sport or profit, in hunting, trapping, fowling, or fishing; specifically, the animals useful to man, and whose preservation is therefore desirable, which are enumerated under this designation in the game-laws regulating their pursuit.

By a very singular anomaly, which has had important practical results, game is not strictly private property under English law; but the doctrine on the subject is traceable to the later influence of the Roman law. Maine, Village Communities, p. 142. 12. A game-fowl or game-cock. See phrases below.-13t. A flock: said of swans.

No man having less than five marks per annum could lawfully keep a game of swans. Encyc. Brit., XI. 701. Actian games. See Actian.-Big game, the larger quadrupeds. Black-breasted red game, the most typical variety of game-fowl, in which the hackle and saddle-feathers of the cock are a brilliant light red or orange, the back and wing-bows rich glossy red, the wing-secondaries

game

clear bay, the breast and lower parts of the body solid black, more or less glossy, and the wing-bars and tail metallic black. A little white may show at the base of the tail. The eyes should be brilliant red. The hen is of a delicately penciled grayish brown, with salmon breast and golden hackle laced with black. Other varieties of the game-fowl distinctly characterized in color are the black cocks, duckwings, piles, wheatens, and whites.- Brown-red game. See brown-Bumper game. See bumper2.- Capitoline games. See Capitoline.- Cock of the gamet. See cock!. Confidence game. See confidence. Exhibition game, a game-cock or hen of a breed cultivated for perfection of form and coloring, without reference to the fighting quali ties of the primitive game stock.-Floral games. See floral.-Game law. See game-law.-Game of goose. See goose, 4.-Game protection, the protection of game animals, specifically by legal restriction of the times for and methods of pursuing them.-Megalesian, Nemean, Olympic, etc., games. See the adjectives.-Pit-game, a cock or hen of a fighting breed. Red game, the Scotch ptarmigan, Lagopus scoticus.-Round game, a game, as at cards, in which an indefinite number of players can engage, each playing on his own account.

After the little music they sat down to a round game, of which there were a great many, such as Commerce, Speculation, Vingt-et-Un, Limited Loo, or Pope Joan. W. Besant, Fifty Years Ago, p. 90. worth the candle. See candle. (a) In hunting, the game is started. He that strikes The venison first shall be lord o' the feast. Hark! the game is rous'd!—

The game is not The game is up.

.. The game is up. Shak., Cymbeline, iii. 3. (b) The scheme has failed; all is at an end. [Colloq.] The universal opinion is that the game is irrecoverably up, and that the tory party will be in power for fifty years S. Dowell, Taxes in England, ÍI. 304. To make (formerly a) game of, to turn into ridicule; make sport of; mock; delude or humbug.

to come.

Whanne I speke aftir my beste avise Ye sett it nought, but make ther of a game. Political Poems, etc. (ed. Furnivall), p. 59. She had all the talents which qualified her to play on his feelings, to make game of his scruples, to set before him in a strong light the difficulties and dangers into which he was running headlong. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. II. a. 1. Of or belonging to such animals as are hunted as game: as, game animals; a game pie.-2. Having a plucky spirit, like that of a game-cock; courageous; unyielding: as, to die

School question to the death.

Irving.

2447

Games in amphi

"Every year," says Fitzstephen, "on the morning of Shrove Tuesday, the school-boys of the city of London bring game-cocks to their masters, and in the fore part of the day, till dinner-time, they are permitted to amuse themselves with seeing them fight."

Strutt, Sports and Pastimes, p. 375.

game-egg (gam'eg), n. An egg laid by a game-fowl, or from which a game-cock may be

hatched.

game-fish (gām'fish), n. Any fish capable of affording sport to the angler, as the salmon, trout, bass, and many others; especially, a gamy food-fish.

A game fish is a choice fish, a fish not readily obtained by wholesale methods at all seasons of the year, nor constantly to be had in the market-a fish, furthermore, which has some degree of intelligence and cunning, and which matches its own wits against those of the angler. Goode, American Fishes (1887), p. xiv.

game-fowl (gām'foul), n. A specimen of one of the varieties of the hen classed as games. gameful (gām'fùl), a. [<game1, n., +ful.] 1. Full of sport or games; sportive.

Which will make tedious years seem gameful to me.
Middleton, Chaste Maid, iii. 3.
2. Full of game, or animals of the chase.
Thy long discourse

Of gamefull parks, of meadowes fresh, ay-spring-like
pleasant fields. Holland, tr. of Camden, p. 290.
Ye vigorous swains! while youth ferments your blood,
And purer spirits swell the sprightly flood,
Now range the hills, the gameful woods beset.
Pope, Windsor Forest, 1. 95.

game-gall+, n. A satirical retort. Nares.

Holinshed, Chron., 1577.

Shortly after this quipping game-gall, etc. game-hawk (gāmʼhâk), n. The peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus: so called generally in Scotland, where it preys on the "game"-that is, grouse and ptarmigan. gamekeeper (gam'ke pèr), n. One who has the keeping and guarding of game; one who is em

game-preserver (gām'pre-zér vér), n. In England, a landowner or lessee of game who strictly preserves it for his own sport or profit, often to the injury of the neighboring farmers, whose crops are subject to its depredations. gamesome (gām'sum), ɑ. [< ME. gamsum Icel. gamansamr; cf. OHG. gamansamo, adv., gamesomely), <game1 + -some.] Sportive; playful; frolicsome.

I write from the fire-side of my parlour, and in the noise of three gamesome children. Donne, Letters, xxviii. The beasts grow gamesome, and the birds they sing. Thou art my sun, great God! Quarles, Emblems, v. 12. To whom thus Belial, in like gamesome mood. Milton, P. L., vi. 620.

Then ran she, gamesome as the colt,
And livelier than a lark
She sent her voice thro' all the holt
Before her, and the park.

Tennyson, Talking Oak. gamesomely (gām'sum-li), adr. Sportively; playfully. gamesomeness (gām'sum-nes), n. The quality of being gamesome; playfulness. gamester (gam'ster), n. [<game1 +-ster.] 1. One who games; a person addicted to gambling; a gambler.

The losing gamester shakes the box in vain,
And bleeds, and loses on, in hopes to gain.

Dryden, tr. of Ovid's Art of Love.

A fighting gamester is only a pickpocket with the courage of a highwayman. Steele, Tatler, No. 25. 2t. A merry, frolicsome person.

"I suppose you really wish to find out the truth?" "Yes," said Teddy, firmly, "I do." "And you are game to go?" "Ye-es," less assured. "Yes; game to go." L. B. Walford, The Baby's Grandmother, For I am game to marry thee Quite reg'lar, at St. George's. W. S. Gilbert, Bab Ballads.

To die game. See def. 2, and die1. gamel (gām), v.; pret. and pp. gamed, ppr. gaming. [<ME. gamen, gomen, shorter form of gamenen, gomenen, < AS. gamenian, game, play, Icel. gamna, amuse, divert; from the noun. Cf. gamble1, v.] I. intrans. 14. To play at any sport or diversion.

Glad and blithe hi weren alle

As I and my companions

Were setting of a snare,
The game-keeper was watching us,
For him we did not care.

'Tis my Delight of a Shiny Night (song).
A law enacted for the
game-law (gām ́lâ), n.
preservation of the animals called game, by re-
stricting the seasons and the manner in which
they may be taken: generally in the plural.

This early game-law [concerning the keeping of a dog]
was primarily intended to stop the meetings of labourers
and artificers, and has little permanent importance be-
sides.
Stubbs, Const. Hist., § 472.

gameless (gām ́les), a. [< game1, n., + -less.]
Gamelion (ga-me'li-on), n.
Destitute of game.

[Gr. Γαμηλιών, 80 called because it was the fashionable time for weddings, yaunos, pertaining to a wedding, < γαμεῖν, marry. An older name was Arvaióv.] The seventh month of the Attic year. It consisted of thirty days, and corresponded to the latter half of January and the first part of February. gamelyt, a. [ME. gameliche (= OHG. gamanlih, MHG. gamelich, gemelich); <game1, n., + -ly1.] Avarice itself does not calculate strictly when it games. Sportive; lively; joyful.

That weren with hem in the halle, And pleide and gamenede ech with other. King Horn (E. E. T. S.), p. 52. 2. To gamble; play for a stake, prize, or wager with cards, dice, balls, etc., according to certain rules. See gaming.

Burke. 'Tis great pity he's so extravagant, and games 80 deep. Sheridan, School for Scandal, iv. 2. 3t. To be glad; rejoice; receive pleasure: sometimes used impersonally with the dative.

God lovede he best with al his hoole herte At alle tymes, thogh him gamede or smerte. Chaucer, Gen. Prol. to C. T., 1. 534. II. trans. To stake or lose at play; gamble (away). [Rare.]

It is for fear of losing the inestimable treasure we have that I do not venture to game it out of my hands for the vain hope of improving it. Burke, Ref. of Representation. game2 (gām), a. [A dial. form of cam1, crooked. Cf. gamb, dial. gamble, a leg, from the same ult. source.] Crooked; lame: as, a game leg. [Slang.]

Warrington burst out laughing, said that Bacon had got the game chair, and bawled out to Pen to fetch a sound one from his bedroom. Thackeray, Pendennis, xli. game-bag (gām′bag), n. A bag for holding the game killed by a sportsman.

gamely (gam'li), adv. [< ME. gamely, gamliche, AS. gamenlice (= MHG. gemeliche), joyfully, <gamen, sport, joy: see game1, n., and -ly2.] 1. Gaily; joyfully.

Thenne watz Gawan ful glad, & gomenly he laged. Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight (E. E. T. S.), l. 1079. 2. In a game or plucky manner.

Either gamliche gan grethe other gailiche ther-inne. William of Palerne (E. E. T. S.), 1. 2591. gament, n. and v. See gamel and gammon1. gamene (ga-men'), n. Madder dried and ground into powder, without removing its outer covering. McElrath, Com. Dict. gameness (gam'nes), n. The quality of being game or brave; courage; pluckiness. There was no doubt about his gameness.

T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Oxford, xxiv. The over-preservation of the red deer has caused them to degenerate, and much of their hardihood and gameness is being lost, besides which they are much smaller than formerly, though considerably more numerous.

W. W. Greener, The Gun, p. 509.

The weapon [in the game of back-sword] is a good stout ash-stick with a large basket handle, heavier and somewhat shorter than a common single-stick. The players are called "old gamesters" - why, I can't tell you-and their object is simply to break one another's heads: for the moment that blood runs an inch anywhere above the eyebrow, the old gamester to whom it belongs is beaten and has to stop. T. Hughes, Tom Brown at Rugby, i. 2. 4+. A swan-keeper.

The keeper who looked after them [a game of swans] was the gamester. Encyc. Brit., XI. 701.

5t. A prostitute.

She's impudent, my lord;
And was a common gamester to the camp.

Shak., All's Well, v. 3.

gamestress (gām'stres), n. [<game1 + -stress.] A female gambler. Davies.

To two characters, hitherto thought the most contradictory, the sentimental and the flirting, she unites yet a third; ... this, I need not tell you, is that of a game. stress. Miss Burney, Camilla, x. 5. gametal (gam'e-tal), a. [<gamete +-al.] Having the character of a gamete; conjugating; reproductive; generative.

The presence of the reproductive elements exerts a constant stimulus upon the brain cells, which causes them to generate characteristic dreams, that in turn react to J. Nelson, Amer. Jour. Psychol., I. 390.

produce expulsion of the gametal cells.

gametangium (game-tan-ji'um), n.; pl. gametangia (-a). [NL., < Gr. yauern, a wife, yaμerns, a husband (see gamete), + ayyeiov, a vessel.] A cell or organ in which gametes are contained.

etes.

In Acetabularia the whole of the protoplasm of the gametangium is not used up in the formation of the gamEncyc. Brit., XX. 427. gamete (gam'ēt), n. [<Gr.jauern, a wife, yauerns, a husband, yauɛiv, marry, yauoc, marriage.] In biol., a propagative protoplasmic body which unites with a similar or dissimilar body to form a spore, called a zygote, the latter being either a zygospore or an oöspore. Mobile gametes resembling zoospores are called planogametes or zoögametes.

The two cells which conjugate to form it [a zygospore] are spoken of as gametes — planogametes when they possess cilia, aplanogametes when they do not.

Encyc. Brit., XX. 525.

gamomorphism

spermatic and germinal elements are formed, matured, and generated, in preparation for an act of fecundation, as the commencement of a new genetic cycle; puberty; fitness for reproduction. Brande and Cox.

Gamopetala (gam-o-pet ́a-lē), n. pl. [NL., fem. pl. of gamopetalus: see gamopetalous.] In bot., a division of dicotyledonous angiosperms, in which the perianth consists of both calyx and corolla, the latter having the petals more or less united at the base. It is the largest of the dicotyledonous divisions, including 45 orders, about 2,600 genera, and over 35,000 species. The most important orders are the Composite, Rubiaceae, Labiata, Scrophulariacea, Solanacea, Acanthacea, and Asclepiadacea. Corolliflora is

a synonym.

2449

We now possess a complete gamut of colors. O'Neill, Dyeing and Calico Printing, p. 9. gamy (gā'mi), a. [< game1, n., +-y1.] 1. Having the flavor of game; having a flavor as of game kept uncooked till it is slightly tainted, when it is held by connoisseurs to be in proper condition for the table: as, the venison was in fine gamy condition.-2. Spirited; plucky; game: as, a gamy little fellow. [Colloq.] "You'll be shot, I see," observed Mercy. "Well," cried Mr. Bailey, "wot if I am; there's something gamey in it, young ladies, ain't there? Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, xi. Horses ever fresh and fat and gamey.

=

yawn.

form of Davies.

gamp (gamp), n. A large umbrella: said to be so called from Mrs. Gamp, a character in Charles Dickens's novel "Martin Chuzzlewit." [Slang.]

Janet clung tenaciously to her purpose and the gamp. I should recommend any young lady of my family or acquaintance not to conceal a gentleman's umbrella surreptitiously. C. W. Mason, Rape of the Gamp, xviii.

I offered the protection of the great white Gamp to Sylvie, and off we sped over the puddles, regardless of a few extra splashes. Harper's Mag., LXXVIII. 87. Gampsonyches (gamp-son'i-kēz), n. pl. [NL., pl. of gampsonyx, with ref. to Aristotle's use of the related form yautóvvxos, with crooked talons.] An Aristotelian group of birds, approximately equivalent to the Linnean Accipitres, or to the Raptores of most authors. Gampsonyx (gamp-sõ ́niks), n. [NL., Gr. γαμψώνυξ (also γαμψώνυχος), with crooked talons, yaupos, crooked, curved, + ovvg, claw, talon.] A genus of South American kites. G. swainsoni of Brazil is the only species. N. A. Vigors, 1825.

gamrelst, n. See gambrel. gamut (gam'ut), n. [Formerly also gammut, gam-ut (= It. gamaut-Florio); < ML. gamma ut: gamma, the gamut (Gr. yauua, the third letter of the Greek alphabet: see gamma); ut, a mere syllable, used as the name of the first note in singing, now called do; orig. L. ut, conj., that. Guido d'Arezzo (born about 990) is said to have called the seven notes of the musical scale after the first seven letters of the alphabet, a, b, c, d, e, f, g: whence the name gamma, taken from the last of the series (g, 7), applied to the whole scale. He is also said to have invented the names of the notes used in

singing (ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si), after certain initial syllables of a monkish hymn to St. John, in a stanza written in sapphic meter, namely: Ut queant laxis resonare fibris Mira gestorum famuli tuorum, Solve pollutis labiis reatum, Sancte Johannes.

The syllable ut has been displaced by the more sonorous do.] 1. In music: (a) The first or gravest note in Guido's scale of music; gamma ut. (b) The major scale, whether indicated by notes or syllables, or merely sung.

ganam (gan'am), n. Same as ashkoko. ganch1, gaunch1 (gånch, gânch), v. t. [F. gancher, in pp. ganché, let fall on sharp stakes (Cotgrave); cf. It. ganciata, the act of fixing with a hook, gancio = Sp. Pg. gancho, a hook, perhaps Turk. qanja, a hook.] To put to death by letting fall from a height upon hooks or sharp stakes, or by hanging on a hook thrust between the ribs or through the pectoral muscles, as is or has been done with malefactors in Oriental countries.

The Captain, . . . having vainly sought for his prisoner, filled forthwith a coffin with clay, . . . giving out that he was dead, affrighted with the punishment of his predecessor, being ganched for the escape of certain Noblemen. Sandys, Travailes, p. 32. Take him away, ganch him, impale him, rid the world of such a monster. Dryden, Don Sebastian, iii. 2.

ganch1, gaunch1 (gånch, gânch), n. [< ganch1, gaunch1, v.] The punishment or torture of ganching.

I would rather suffer the gaunch than put the smallest constraint on your person or inclinations. Brooke, Fool of Quality, II. 289.

ganch2, gaunch2 (gânch), v. i. [Sc., also written gansch; origin obscure.] To make a snatch or snap at anything with open jaws, as a dog. ganch, gaunch2 (gånch), n. [< ganch2, gaunch2, v.] A snatch at anything with open jaws; a bite. [Scotch.]

I have heard my father say, who was a forester at the Cabrach, that a wild boar's gaunch is more easily healed than a hurt from the deer's horn.

Scott, Bride of Lammermoor, ix.

gander (gan ́der), n. [< ME. gandre, < AS. gandra, also ganra (> E. dial. ganner) (the d being excrescent as in andro-, thunder, etc.) (= D. gender), a gander, the same word, but with different suffix, as MHG. ganzer, G. ganser (now usually gänserich, after enterich E. drakel q. v.); cf. L. anser (for *hanser), m. and f.,: Gr. xv, m. and f., = Skt. hansa, m. The E. fem. is goose, orig. *gans: see goose and gannet.] The male of the goose.

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I wisse (quod I) and yet though ye would believe one yt wold tell you that twise two ganders made alway four gese, yet ye would be aduised ere ye beleued hym that woulde tell you that twise two gese made all waye four ganders. Sir T. More, Works, p. 169.

The female hatches her eggs with great assiduity; while the gander visits her twice or thrice a day, and sometimes

drives her off to take her place, where he sits with great state and composure.

Goldsmith, Animated Nature, vii. 11.

gander (gan ́der), v. i. [< gander, n.: in allusion to the vague and slow gait of that bird.] To go leisurely; linger; walk slowly or vaguely.

Then she had remembered the message about any one calling being shown up to the drawing-room, and had gandered down to the hall to give it to the porter; after which she gandered upstairs to the dressing-room again. H. Kingsley, Ravenshoe, xlvii. gander-grasst, n. [Also gander-goose, gandergoss, etc. Cf. goose-grass.] Some plant, probably Orchis mascula.

Daily by fresh rivers walk at will,
Among the daisies and the violets blue,
Red hyacinth, and yellow daffodil,
Purple Narcissus like the morning rays,
Pale gander-grass, and azure culver-keys.

J. Davors, quoted in Walton's Complete Angler, p. 55.

his gamut.

The Studio, III. 153,

gang

tial feature is a live gander suspended by the feet. The contestants ride by on horseback at full speed, and attempt to clutch the greased neck of the fowl and pull its head off. It is practised especially in the south

ern and southwestern United States.

They [the voters] were making ready for the ganderpulling, which unique sport had been selected by the long-headed mountain politicians as likely to insure the largest assemblage possible from the surrounding region to hear the candidates prefer their claims. M. N. Murfree (C. E. Craddock), Prophet of Great Smoky [Mountains, p. 103. gane, v. i. Same as gan3. gang (gang), v. i. [<ME. gangen, gongen (pret. supplied by wende, went, or code, gede, etc., ppr. (rare) gangende, pp. supplied by gon, gone), ( AS. gangan, gongan (pret. gióng, giống, pp. ge-gangen, ge-gongen) = OS. gangan = OFries. gunga = OHG. gangan, MHG. gangen (NHG. pret. ging, pp. gegangen, associated with pres.

gehen = E. go) = Icel. ganga = OSw. ganga = ODan. gange = Goth. gaggan, go. This verb, though mixed in form and sense with the verb represented by go, and in the modern tongues to a greater or less extent displaced by it, is not, as is usually said, a fuller form of go, but is a different word: see go.] To go; walk; proceed. [Now only prov. Eng. and Scotch.]

Jhesu thougt hit was ful longe, Withouten felowshipe to gonge. Cursor Mundi, MS. Coll. Trin. Cantab., f. 82. (Halliwell.) A poplar greene, and with a kerved seat, Under whose shade I solace in the heat; And thence can see gang out and in my neat. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd, ii. 2. I gang like a ghaist, and I carena much to spin. Auld Robin Gray.

To gang alow. See alow2.-To gang gizzen. See giz zen. To gang gleyed. See gleyed. To gang one's gait, to go or take one's own way in a matter. [Scotch and old or prov. Eng.]

He is fautles in faith, and so god mote me spede, I graunte hym my gud will to gang on his gate. York Plays, p. 331. Gang thy gait, and try Thy turnes with better luck, or hang thysel. B. Jonson, Sad Shepherd. [Early mod. E. also in some gang (gang), n. senses gong, goung; ME. gang, gong, a going, a course, way, passage, privy (not in the sense of company' or 'crew,' this sense being later by genge, E. ging, q. v.), < AS. gang, a going, and of Scand. origin, and represented in AS. way, privy, = OS. gang = OFries. gong, gung D. gang, a course, etc., OHG. gang, a going, a privy, MHG. G. gang, a going, walk, etc., = collectively, a company or crew, = Icel. gangr, a going, a privy, etc., also, Sw. gång, a going, a time, Dan. gang, walk, gait; from the verb. Cf. ging.] 1t. A going; walking; ability to walk.

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He forgiaf. halten and lamen richte gang. Old Eng. Homilies, p. 3296. Honden bute felinge, fet bute gonge [hands without feeling, feet without ability to walk]. Legend of St. Katherine, p. 499. 24. Currency. The said penny of gold to have passage and gang for XXX of the saidis grotis. Acts Jas. IV. (1488), c. x. (ed. 1566). nel of a stream, or the course in which it is 3t. A way; course; passage.-4+. The chanwont to run; a watercourse. The abstractioune of the water of Northesk fra the ald gang. Act. Audit. (an. 1467), p. 8. Hence-5. A ravine or gulley. [Prov. Eng.]— 6. In mining. See gangue.-7. The field or pasture in which animals graze: as, those beasts have a good gang. [Scotch.]-8. A number going or acting in company, whether of persons or of animals: as, a gang of drovers; a gang of elks. Specifically — (a) A number of persons associated for a particular purpose or on a particular occasion: used especially in a depreciatory or contemptuous sense or of disreputable persons: as, a gang of thieves; a chain-gang. There were seven Gipsies in a gang, They were both brisk and bonny O. Johnnie Faa (Child's Ballads, IV. 283). They mean to bring back again Bishops, Archbishops, and

the whole gang of Prelatry. Milton, Touching Hirelings. (b) A number of workmen or laborers of any kind engaged on any piece of work under supervision of one person; a squad; more particularly, a shift of men; a set of laborers working together during the same hours. And five and five, like a mason gang, That carried the ladders lang and hie. Kinmont Willie (Child's Ballads, VI. 62). 9. A combination of several tools, machines, etc., operated by a single force, or so contrived as to act as one: as, a gang of saws or plows; a gang of fish-hooks; a gang of mine-cars, tubs,

or trams. In this sense frequently combined with other