money. The vocational agriculture teacher may be able to give them some training in mechanical work and subjects related to agriculture that will help them to obtain employment in occupations in which they are interested. A third objective of parttime instruction listed by Mr. McClelland for out-of-school farm youth is to provide for the social needs of this group. This may be done by interesting them in group organizations, through which they may participate in social, civic, and recreational activities. $80 a month Only 100 of the 1,500 women enrolled in adult homemaking classes in Hawaii last year came from homes where the income was over $80 a month, Mrs. Caroline Edwards, Territorial supervisor of home economics, reports. Necessarily, therefore, the emphasis in home-economics instruction was on the problem of how to make a little go a long way. In the congested area of Honolulu an interesting plan was followed. The City Social Service Division rented unoccupied cottages for periods of 3 weeks. A homeeconomics teacher supplied by the Territorial Home Economics Department met the women from the area around each cottage daily and worked with them on various homemaking projects. House care and renovation were taught right in the cottage. Child care was taught and demonstrated with the babies brought to the cottage by the women. Dinner was prepared and served to the group each day, the menu being in keeping with the income of the women, who were assigned Since, when incomes are low the purchase of clothing and house furnishings is apt to be made at the expense of minimum food allowances, remodeling of clothing and furniture making and repair were taught in most of the groups. Husbands often participated in the furniture and equipment classes, and surprisingly good results were achieved with the use of such materials as wooden crates and boxes, barrels, and tin food and oil containers collected from stores and wholesale houses. Training plan popular Sixty students completed the cooperative vocational education course inaugurated in Jacksonville (Fla.) high schools in September 1934. Under this plan highschool students go to school part time and work in offices or shops in the city 4 hours each day. The purpose of the plan is to give these students actual experience in a variety of industries and professions, and aid them in choosing an occupation. A total of 75 cooperating agencies-manufacturing plants, stores, business offices, and professional offices-were contacted and cooperated in the plan during the school year ended June 1935. A number of the 60 students who finished the course this year had promises of full-time employment when they graduated. Fifty-three applications have been received by the coordinator for the Jacksonville schools from students who desire to enter training during the year opening this month. Temporary arrangements have been made for advisers in two of the senior high schools. A 3-year program recently formulated calls for advisers in each of the high schools with sufficient time and facilities to correlate the cooperative vocational education program with the regular highschool requirements. Training surveys The trade and industrial education service of the Office of Education has cooperated in two surveys since the first of the year-one for the State of Arizona and one for Tampa, Fla. Both surveys were made to determine industrial education needs in the areas covered. The Arizona survey was made at the request of the State department of education. The Tampa investigation was conducted upon request of the State and Hillsborough County departments of education. The plan followed in making the surveys was to confer with representatives of both employers and employees in different industries in the territories covered. Sixteen different industries-auto dealers and auto service, public service, transportation, building trades, and the cigar industries among them-were represented in the Tampa survey. Representatives of employers and employees from various Arizona industries in seven different cities were called in for conference. The Voc. h the C. C. C. S OME interesting experiments were made by the State Department of Vocational Education in Virginia last year in testing out types of programs and teaching methods for part-time, out-of-school youth classes. A State-wide survey of out-of-school youth was made by the department. With the information thus obtained as a guide, a teacher-training program for those who will be responsible for out-of-school youth classes was organized. One hundred and twenty-five men and womenteachers and principals-from different sections of the State and representing all fields of vocational education, met at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute during the summer for a four weeks' training course. Committee work on different phases of the out-of-school youth problem, a study of special methods, and a study of the results of the survey of out-of-school youth, were the highlights of the training conference. Home-economics teachers were give special training in crafts and home ind. tries, particularly adapted to differe Virginia communities. Some of teachers were those eligible for emp' ment under the Emergency Educat Program, while others were regular b school teachers who will act as su visors and coordinators of county grams. Recreation was emphasized and tical demonstrations in this field conducted by Miss Ella Gardner United States Extension Service. Cooperation Close cooperation between State tional rehabilitation boards a' i employment officers, created u Wagner-Peyser Act, is evidenced in a twice a . Oxley, Director of C. C. C. Camp Educat increasing Number of Schools and Coll Their Doors to Civilian Conservation Co at Lav e, Kans., for the past the high-school classes of ened up to members of 106 Truck loads of C. C. C. Folle into Lawrence 4 nights for classes. few examples demonstrate how Jp may be secured by the camp from reaghboring sources. Scholarships for C. C. C. authorities are manifesting st in opening up scholarships On October 1, a total of 11,436 vocational courses were being taught in C. C. C. camps. for capable C. C. C. men to give them a chance at further training. Wesleyan mation along this line. A visit to lege president or dean might op needed opportunity for an enrollee. The Federal student aid program ating under the National Youth A istration may supply another mea which C. C. C. men could earn enou attend college. Worthy youth in camps should be given serious cons tion by authorities in assigning F student aid grants. Camp advisers s consistently urge this important poi More and more are we noting the nation of local civic and welfare g to offer help to the camp educa program. Last summer in North A Mass., the city Y. M. C. A. organi number of classes in Company 1 prepare enrollees for positions in the a-day world. Such subjects as bu English, bookkeeping, accounting, typewriting were taught. A Kiwanis Club in New Jersey months ago donated several instruments and other equipment local camp. In Banning, Calif., a business club has been sending three prom business leaders into a camp to enrollees the art of a successful inter A camp adviser should no long content unless he is making use of available source of assistance in im reports of State rehabilitation boarding, black- University, Boston University, Massa- ing his educational program. Hun being forwarded to the Federal On electrical chusetts Institute of Technology, and Reed College, recently made scholarships Education. A well-formulated pl cooperation is reported from Masmembers of available to outstanding C. C. C. enroll of possibilities lie about the cam broadening and enriching its instruc facilities. Let us proceed to discove setts. Physically handicapped pen the back- ees. It is our hope that other institutions develop each one of these opportu who are sufficiently well trained on receiving will follow the lead of these four and offer worthy youths in the camps a chance at advanced stu- advanced training. cific positions, are referred to, member of the public employmen Recently the assigned for the purpose, who Camp advisers should always be on the One of the functions of advisers stimulate educational interests in rollees again; it is one of the respon ties of community organizations, s to establish a contact for themonding varied would enable C. C. C. men to enter higher and colleges, to provide educationa industry. The public employmo in the arts, institutions of learning. training. Five years ago conditions were not st favorable in Williamsport. In February 1930 members of the employment Conmittee of the chamber of commerce were concerned about unemployment. Wri the help of volunteer workers, they mad a community survey to study its causes. Findings led to establishing experimental classes for the unemployed early in 1952. Courses were designed to help people retain their capabilities and to train them for new occupations. The public‐schoo. system cooperated, providing instructors and classrooms. From the beginning the experiment showed promise of success. By May of the first year nearly 20 percent of the enrolled students had been placed in jobs. Demand grew for more extensive classes, and fall saw the retraining school expanded into a comprehensive educational program. Before the end of 1931 a full-time coordinator had been appointed to work with schools, students, and industry. His salary is paid by the State emergency relief board. Pennsylvania Cy Copes With Is Unemployment Problem Through a Retraining School Which. Prepares for New Occupations. By Alice Rodwel: Birke F. ཀྱ 2 Four main fields of occupational schooling feature the retraining program today. Williamsport's present and probable future ing with placing partially-trained stenog labor needs are for special industrial raphers in public offices for experience, people to a standare, o; ofhaving phot mechanics, machinists, woodworkers, stenographers, and typists. A selected cur Young women over 18 years of age have a special service of their own which will keep them or na maib, ever à pe face of another depressioD .~ Cooperation with the C. C. C. REPORTS reaching the Federal Office of Education indicate a growing interest on the part of high schools, colleges, community organizations and citizens, in C. C. C. educational activities. Numerous camp educational advisers are finding a sincere willingness on the part of community leaders and institutions to cooperate in supplementing C. C. C. instruction. At present C. C. C. camps are emergency camps, and the Federal Government can afford only a minimum of educational opportunity. Local communities must come to the rescue of young men in supplementing what the Government would like to provide, but because of the costs involved, cannot afford. Schools everywhere are formulating plans for the next 9 months of work. While these efforts are being launched, thought should be given to ways in which certain types of instructional work in the camps may be brought into closer relationship with the country's educational system. In looking back at recent months, we are greatly encouraged over the progress that has been made in opening up neighboring educational facilities for enrollees. High schools and colleges in a number of instances have voluntarily placed their services at the disposal of C. C. C. men. Attend college Kansas State Teachers College, for the past year, had an average of 150 enrollees from two camps taking courses twice a week in such subjects as welding, blacksmithing, auto mechanics, and electrical repair. Up in Lewiston, Maine, members of Company 132, located almost in the backyard of Bates College, have been receiving useful instruction from advanced students in that institution. Recently the college agreed to allow several classes to be held on the campus-affording varied courses for C. C. C. men in the arts, sciences, and mechanical training. Howard W. Oxley, Director of C. C. C. Camp Education, Out at Lawrence, Kans., for the past several months the high-school classes of Company 1064. Truck loads of C. C. C. the city were opened up to members of enrollees rolled into Lawrence 4 nights weekly for classes. These few examples demonstrate how much help may be secured by the camp adviser from neighboring sources. Scholarships for C. C. C. College authorities are manifesting more interest in opening up scholarships On October 1, a total of 11,436 vocational courses were being taught in C. C. C. camps. for capable C. C. C. men to give them a chance at further training. Wesleyan University, Boston University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Reed College, recently made scholarships available to outstanding C. C. C. enrollees. It is our hope that other institutions will follow the lead of these four and offer worthy youths in the camps a chance at advanced training. Camp advisers should always be on the lookout for college aids and grants which would enable C. C. C. men to enter higher institutions of learning. They should search college catalogs for useful infor mation along this line. A visit to a college president or dean might open a needed opportunity for an enrollee. The Federal student aid program operating under the National Youth Administration may supply another means by which C. C. C. men could earn enough to attend college. Worthy youth in the camps should be given serious consideration by authorities in assigning Federal student aid grants. Camp advisers should consistently urge this important point. More and more are we noting the inclination of local civic and welfare groups to offer help to the camp educational program. Last summer in North Adams, Mass., the city Y. M. C. A. organized a number of classes in Company 148 to prepare enrollees for positions in the worka-day world. Such subjects as business English, bookkeeping, accounting, and typewriting were taught. A Kiwanis Club in New Jersey a few months ago donated several musical instruments and other equipment to a local camp. In Banning, Calif., a business men's club has been sending three prominent business leaders into a camp to teach enrollees the art of a successful interview. A camp adviser should no longer be content unless he is making use of every available source of assistance in improving his educational program. Hundreds of possibilities lie about the camp for broadening and enriching its instructional facilities. Let us proceed to discover and develop each one of these opportunities. One of the functions of advisers is to stimulate educational interests in enrollees again; it is one of the responsibilities of community organizations, schools and colleges, to provide educational opportunities. After all, C. C. C. enrollees are still citizens of the local communities. Williamsport and Youth ILLIAMSPORT, PA., is waging W finding work-not just stop-gap jobs, but work for which they have been specially trained in the Williamsport Retraining School. For some occupations the city's employers want as many workers as the retraining school can supply. Last January they wanted too many. The school could not fill the demand for graduates of its commercial and machine shop courses. In December, 13 young men had been organized into a "special apprentice class" of the machine-shop division of the school for intensive mechanical training. By early March the retraining school reported that all of them were on local pay rolls, each doing the particular work for which he had prepared. C. of C. acts Five years ago conditions were not so favorable in Williamsport. In February 1930 members of the employment committee of the chamber of commerce were concerned about unemployment. With the help of volunteer workers, they made a community survey to study its causes. Findings led to establishing experimental classes for the unemployed early in 1931. Courses were designed to help people retain their capabilities and to train them for new occupations. The public-school system cooperated, providing instructors and classrooms. From the beginning the experiment showed promise of success. By May of the first year nearly 20 percent of the enrolled students had been placed in jobs. Demand grew for more extensive classes, and fall saw the retraining school expanded into a comprehensive educational program. Before the end of 1931 a full-time coordinator had been appointed to work with schools, students, and industry. His salary is paid by the State emergency relief board. Four main fields of occupational schooling feature the retraining program today. Williamsport's present and probable future labor needs are for special industrial mechanics, machinists, woodworkers, stenographers, and typists. A selected cur Pennsylvania City Copes With Its Unemployment Problem Through a Retraining School Which Prepares for New Occupations. By Alice Bodwell Burke riculum to train students for these specialized jobs is offered by 16 instructors. The special apprentice class" for industrial mechanics prepares a limited number of young men, high-school graduates or the equivalent, for highly specialized tool work. Blue print reading, higher mathematics and all allied machineshop activities are taught. In order to make the training as businesslike as possible, the instructor in charge made arrangements with a local manufacturer to use materials which had been "scrapped" for minor defects before the manufacturing processes had been completed, but which were still satisfactory for instruction purposes. In the school shop the parts are machined to production standards, as to accuracy and speed, although in some cases the dimensions are fictitious. Punctuality and strict observation of safety regulations are stressed in the course. As soon as one "apprentice" gets work a new student takes his place. offers classes in retail selling and advertising. Home economics classes are not part of the retraining program. They are confined to the regular school curriculum. Vocational guidance, placement service and a recreational program are open to young men who have graduated from high school and are members of the Williamsport Graduates Club, an affiliate of the retraining school. The coordinator who interviews employers on behalf of members reports that, although business men are wary of hiring men under 20, they respect as high recommendations the certificates given by the retraining school and the Graduates Club. After four years Athletic teams of the club have use of the Y. M. C. A. on specified days. The Graduates Club's dance orchestra and band are popular not only with members, but with all Williamsport. They furnish music for social functions of the retraining program. During the last four years Williamsport has battled unemployment. Its retraining school has been a bulwark against the demoralization bred of stagnating capabilities and unfulfilled hopes. Throughout its existence the school has kept Williamsport's unemployed, young and middle-aged, mentally alert, and it has maintained a 30-percent placement aver |