(b) What is the contrast above suggested? (c) What was the original distinction between "stipendiaria" and "tributaria"?

9. What is the definition of derelictum? Are the following things, or any of them, derelict:(a) goods thrown overboard to lighten the ship when in danger, (b) goods accidentally dropped from a carriage?

10. "Nec plus in accessione esse potest quam in principali re." Explain and illustrate this rule."

11. What stipulations are "inutiles" by reason of their subject-matter?

12. Show the importance in the history of law of the Quaestiones Perpetuae. What was their date and their origin?

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW.

Dr. Hearn.

1. What is the position of Constitutional Law in a systematic arrangement of law?

2. By what means is the limitation of the Royal Power practically secured?

3. State the historical circumstances which led to the doctrine of Indefeasible Prerogative in the time of the Stuarts.

4. What was the fundamental distinction between the Whig and the Tory parties? When did this distinction practically disappear?

5. What is meant by the Royal Veto, and why is the expression incorrect?

6. What is meant by Evocation? Trace the difference between the history of this principle in England and in France.

7. What is the precise meaning of a grant of Responsible Government? What is the formal mode by which such a grant is made?

8. What does Mr. Fox describe as the real foundation for the interference of the House of Commons with the discretion of public officers?

9. Show the importance of the precedent of the resignation of Sir Robert Walpole.

10. State and explain the recent change in the law as to the vacating seats in Parliament by the acceptance of office under the Crown.

11. Explain the difference between Fines upon Alienation and Reliefs.

12. State briefly the history of the Court of Wards and Liveries.

INTERNATIONAL LAW.

Dr. Hearn.

1. What, according to Mr. Hall, are the requisites of a sovereign state?

2. An English statute makes foreigners liable for acts done by them outside the British dominions. Can such a statute be enforced

(a) in a British Court?

(b) as against the objections of a foreign nation?

3. What is the definition of a public vessel? How far is such a vessel liable to the jurisdiction of a foreign nation?

4. How does piracy ex jure gentium differ from statutory piracy?

5. Can war exist between two nations without a declaration of war?

6. A Spanish merchant consigned a cargo of brandies to a Dutch firm. They were transferred to B in transitu. Before the ship arrived at its destination war broke out between England and Spain. The ship was captured. Ought the cargo to be condemned?

7. A neutral ship is captured by one belligerent and is recaptured by the other. What are the rules as to restitution in such circumstances?

8. A belligerent ship is anchored in neutral waters.

She sends out boats and captures an enemy ship outside the three-mile zone. Is this capture good, and why?

9. When does the liability for contraband of war begin, and when does it cease?

10. When does the liability for breach of blockade begin, and when does it cease?

11. Explain fully the theory of domicil.

12. In what circumstances will an action lie in one country for a tort committed in another country?

THE LAW OF PROPERTY.

The Board of Examiners.

1. A purchases a piece of land of B, and it is conveyed to him by a deed, in the following words, which deed is signed, sealed, and delivered by B:"This Indenture made the first day of February 1887, between B of St. Kilda near Melbourne in the colony of Victoria, produce merchant, and A of Brighton near Melbourne aforesaid, gentleman: Whereas the said B has contracted with the said A for the absolute sale to him of the piece of land hereinafter expressed to be hereby granted for the sum of one thousand pounds: Now this Indenture Witnesseth that in pursuance of the said contract and in consideration of the sum of one thousand pounds upon the execution of these presents paid by the said A to the said B for the purchase of the fee-simple in possession of the hereditaments

hereinafter expressed to be hereby granted, the receipt of which sum of one thousand pounds he the said B doth hereby acknowledge. He the said B doth by these presents Grant unto the said A and his heirs All that piece or parcel of land [here follows a sufficient description of the land] Together with all ways watercourses rights easements and appurtenances to the said hereditaments and premises hereby granted or any of them belonging or therewith used or enjoyed and all the estate and right of the said B in and to the same To Have and to Hold the said hereditaments and premises intended to be hereby granted with the appurtenances unto the said A his heirs and assigns for ever [here follow proper covenants by the vendor] In Witness whereof the said parties to these presents have hereunto set their hands and seals the day and year first above written."

(a) Point out where, if at all, the following parts occur in the foregoing deed:- "the attestation clause," the parties," "the recitals," "the

general words," "the estate clause.”

(b) Is the foregoing deed an effectual conveyance? (c) Are any, and if so what, words omitted from the habendum which are usually found in deeds of the like nature?

(d) State the effect, if any, of any such omission. Give the reasons for your answer.

2. (a) What was the nature of a mortgage at Common Law?

(b) How were the rights of the parties modified in Equity?