11. Nullus erat] "he was not there." 15. adductis...palmis] "with the beating of my hands:" lit. "with my hands drawn violently against my breast." 16. rupta] is Burmann's emendation for 'rapta.' "And I tore my hair, dishevelled as it was from sleep." 18. quod videant] "to behold:" see note on Ovid, 1, 8. 19. utroque] "in both tions:" i. e. et huc et illuc. direc 71, 72. tecto recurvo] refers to the Labyrinth.* Quæ regerent] "to guide:" see note on Phædr. II. 12. Cf. 84, below, 'qui lanient," "to tear." 77, 78. fratrem] sub. mactâsti. morte] "by my death your vow would have been cancelled." 85. ista] used contemptuously instead of 'hæc:'"this wretched land." 86. habet] this indicative, in a dependent interrogative proposition, would be quite inadmissible in prose. In Plautus and Terence it sometimes occurs, as in Ter. Hec. III. 5, 21: but it is very rare in the later poets, such as Horace and Virgil. Madvig, Lat. Gram. § 256, Obs. 3. Heinsius, on the Epistle of Laodamia to Protesilaus, v. 137, finds in an ancient codex the following reading, which, if adopted, would remove the difficulty as to mood: "Quis scit an et sævis tigrisin illa vacet ?" 89. Tantum ne religer] "only let me not be bound." 95. "Heaven," says Ariadne, " alone remained to comfort me: but I fear the forms into which the Gods transform themselves." Burmann suspects this verse to be an interpolation, sug 48. Ogygio] Theban: from Ogyges, an ancient king of Thebes, a city in which the worship of Bacchus pre-gested by the two preceding lines. vailed. The genuine verse, he thinks, must have corresponded in sense to the succeeding distich: so that lines 95, 96, 97, 98, might be paraphrased as follows: "sive deserta est hæc terra et incolis vacua, destituor præda feris: sive colunt viri, diffidimus illis." 99. Androgeos was a son of Minos, treacherously slain by the Athenians: whom Minos compelled, in revenge, to send every year seven young men and as many maids to be devoured by the Minotaur. * Burmann remarks that there were four celebrated labyrinths in ancient times one in Egypt, a second in Crete, a third in Lemnos, a fourth in Italy. He thinks that the so-called labyrinth in Crete was only a natural cavern, near Cnossus, approached by subterranean passages. He Protesilaus was a son of Iphiclus and Astyŏche, celebrated in ancient times for the strong affection subsisting between him and his wife Laodamia, the daughter of Acastus. belonged to Phylace in Thessaly: and led many of the Thessalian warriors against Troy. This letter is addressed to him by Laodamia, during the detention of the Grecian fleet by contrary winds at Aulis. He was the first Greek who landed on the Trojan coast, where he was immediately killed. 1. The order of the words is: 'Lao "Aut conjurato descendens Dacus ab damia Emonis mittit salutem Emonio Istro." viro, et amans optat ire [co] quo 120. qui...condat] "to close: "[salus] mittitur.' Emonis,'Emonio' 'qui' is used in a consecutive sense: see note on Ovid, I. 8. Thessala, Thessalo: "Emonia enim dicebatur Thessalia ab Emonia, una e Deucalionis filiabus, quæ nomen suum parti cuidam regionis hujus indiderat." Burmann. 4. The meaning is: the wind should have detained you when you sailed from home: not now. 5. debuerant...obsistere] "ought to have opposed." This difference between the Latin and English idioms should be noted. The English idiom expresses past time by the Perfect Infinitive after the auxiliary verbs could, might, ought: but the Latin writers generally consider it sufficient to express the past time in the main verb, and to use with it the simple Infinitive: e. g. "Licuit in Hispaniam ire," Liv. XXI. 41. "I might have gone to Spain." Cf. Ovid 24, 28, above, potuit decere "might have graced." 6. "That was the proper season for boisterous seas." 9. qui tua... vocaret] "to awake your sails." See note on Ovid, 1. 8, above. 11. mandantis] scil. mei: "my tongue as I enjoined you." 16. jamque] "and presently." "My bosom glow'd; the subtle flame 29. rediit] This is an instance of the lengthening of a final syilable, naturally short, because it is cæsural; Compare Virgil's line, "Pectoribus inhians spirantia consulit exta. my senses.' asks herself whether she is to revel in luxury, while Protesilaus endures the hardships of war? Comas pectar' and 'caput premetur' are accusatives of reference, like Corpora tegi,' verse 32, above. 43. Dyspari] Hubertin's reading for 'Dux Pari:' latinised from Homer's Avσrapi eldos pioтe, Il. III. 39: "Paris, thou evil genius, beautiful in form!" a compound of dus +ápis. Burmann prefers Dux Pari.' ...damno tuorum] "to the ruin of your family." 44. hospes] "guest:" alluding to his violation of the hospitalities of Menelaus, whose wife he carried off. 45. Tænariæ] Spartan, from Tænarus, a promontory of Laconia. Of course it means Helen. 48. How many tears will your vengeance cost? 49. The omen sinistrum' was the expression 'multis flebilis:' which Laodamia fears may include Protesilaus. 50. "Let my husband consecrate his arms to Jupiter, the author of his return." 'Reduci' is here active in ... animus] 32. corpora] the plural, poeti-sense, equivalent to 'reductori,' as in cally, for the singular. Corpora' is the accusative of reference, grammatically see note on Ovid, 21, 29, above. Martial, VIII. 45, "redux Fortuna." On the conclusion of a war, it was usual to hang up one's arms in the temple of the tutelar God. Thus Hector vows he will suspend the arms of Ajax, if he conquers him, in the temple of Apollo; Il. VII. 82: and Horace, speaking of a retired gladiator, says: "Veianius, armis Herculis ad postem fixis, latet abditus agro:" Epist. I. 1, 4 pampineâ hastâ] the thyrsus: a pole covered with vine- or ivy-leaves, carried by Bacchus, and by Satyrs, Mænades, and others engaged in Bacchic festivities. Those who were touched with it were supposed to be seized with frenzy. See Horace, Od. II. 19, 8. Ovid, Amor. III. 1, 23. 51. subit] sub. mentem. 'Bicorniger' is an epithet of Bacchus. 56. hospes] i. e. Paris. 35. Phylaceïdes] Phylaceïs, arapere,' sub. Helenam. derivative from Phylace, a Thessalian town. Burmann reads 'Phylleïdes,' from Phyllus, another Thessalian town, without apparent reason. 36. sinus] a poetical equivalent to vestes.' 37-41. In these four lines a spirited contrast is maintained. Laodamia 66 After 58. Quique] 'Qui' is here followed by a subjunctive mood, because it is equivalent to 'talis ut:' the sense being, as one who represented in his own person the wealth of Phrygia." See L. E. p. 142, Rule XV. (b). 59. potens] sub. venerat. 60. How small a portion of his forces attended him? 61. His] sub. classe virisque. Ledæa] i. e. Helen, daughter of Leda. Gemellis] i. e. Castor and Pollux, her twin brothers. 63. Hectora] Greek accus. nescio quem] Anglicè: "whoever he is." Madvig, Lat. Gram. § 356, Obs. 3, remarks: "The expression nescio quis is often inserted in a proposition that is not interrogative, by way of parenthesis, or as a remark applying exclusively to a single word; e. g. Minime assentior iis, qui istam nescio quam indolentiam magnopere laudant,' that-how shall I term it? -insensibility to pain:" Cic. Tusc. III. 6. 66 67. ubi vitâris] On this idiomatic use of the future, see L. E. p. 178, Rule III. Madvig's Lat. Gram. § 339, Obs. 1. Cf. the notes on Ovid, 14, 8; and 24, 32, above. The last syllable in vitâris' is common in Prosody: see Kennedy's Lat. Gram. p. 133, § 214. W.'s Lat. Gram. p. 194. Prof. Ramsay, "Latin Prosody," p. 76, says: "We must consider the quantity of the termination is in the indicative future perfect and subjunctive perfect, as common." 68. Hectoras] Burmann remarks that Cicero uses the term 'Thucydidas' similarly. Suet. Cæs. cap. I. says that Sylla, when asked to spare Cæsar, replied, "Cæsari multi insunt Marii." 69. facito dicas] "take care to say to yourself." In such phrases, 'ut' is often omitted: e. g. 66 Quid vis faciam?" "What do you wish me to do?" Ter. Eun. V. 9, 24. "Scribas velim," "I wish you would write." Cic. ad Fam. VII. 13. 70. sibi] scil. to spare her by preserving my own life. 71. si fas est] "if it is ordained." 74. Paridi] In prose this dative could only followeripiat,' not the sim ple verb, ' rapiat,' which would require a preposition. After ante' sub. rapuit. 75. causâ] "in the justice of his cause." 77. vivere] A Græcism for 'ut vivas: the final infinitive is a Greek, but not a Latin, usage. 80. meus] for in him I live. 81. deceat] The subjunctive is used, because 'non est quem deceat' is equivalent to non est talis ut eum deceat.' See L. E. p. 142, Rule XV. (e). See note on verse 58, above. 83. After multo' sub. pugnare. 85. nunc] before I dared not. revocare] scil. te. ferebat] "prompted me." 92. Fac...eat] See note on 'facito dicas,' v. 69, above. 93. Sors]"the oracle." Protesilaus proved to be the person thus indicated. 101. cum venies] "When you are returning." See note on Ovid, 14, 8, above. 109. pallens] in the 'paleness' of his face, Laodamia read a presage of his death. Compare the " Adrasti pallentis imago," En. VI. 480, which Eneas meets in the infernal world. Similarly Virgil describes Cleopatra, after the Actian defeat, pallentem morte futurâ," Æn. VIII. 709. 116. solvar ab ipsâ lætitiâ] "shall actually faint from joy." See note on Ovid, 33, 16, above. 121. Amid these [i. e. osculis] the narrative is pleasantly interrupted; and the more fluent is the tongue, when checked by amorous delay. 123. subit] sub. mentem. 126. Cf. the parallel passage in En. IV. 309: "Quinetiam hiberno moliris sidere classem, Et mediis properas Aquilonibus ire per altum." 129. suam] Servius on Virg. Æn. II. 610, reminds us that the walls of Troy were originally built by Neptune and Apollo. In that passage, Virgil re presents Neptune as the destroyer, as | return home. His wife Penelope, igno well as the creator ["Neptunia Troja"] of the city. 130. quisque] takes a plural verb, as a distributive word. See L. E. p. 7. 134. Inachiæ] a variation of 'Græcæ,' from Inachus, first king of Argos. 135. omen] Cf. v. 85, above. 137-144. Laodamia, ready to think any condition preferable to her own, contrasts her fate with that of the Trojan ladies; who, she says, if immediate spectators of the danger of their husbands, can still employ themselves in many pleasing offices of affection, buckling on their armour, etc., with fond injunctions to return. 144. Jovi] See note on v. 50, above. 147, 8. reduci] "on his return.' pectora] a poetical plural, like corpora,' above. 152. Cf. Eurip. Alc. 348, seqq. 156. sonum] "voice." Cf. Anacreon, Od. XXVIII. XXIX. 160. faces] the bride, in a Roman wedding, was accompanied, during the ceremony, by three boys, whose fathers and mothers were living, one of whom carried before her a torch of white thorn, or, as some say, of pine wood. rant of the cause of his absence, is 1. Hanc] sub. epistolam. 4. Vix tanti fuit] "was hardly worth so much trouble." "Tanti' is the genitive of price. 6. adulter] Paris. 8. The term pendula' is used, because the warp stood upright in the loom, instead of lying horizontally, as at present. 9. fallere] "to beguile." Cf. Hor. Sat. II. 7, 114: "jam vino quærens, jam somno fallere curam." 13. Troas] the Greek accusative of Tpwes. = 15. quis] indefinite: "any one:' 'aliquis,' only it is more indefinite and less emphatic. Madvig, Lat. Gram. § 493, a. In the Iliad, Antilochus is slain by Memnon, not by Hector. 17. Mencetiadem] Patroclus, the son of Mencetius, who, on Achilles retiring from the conflict, arrayed himself in the armour of that hero [falsis armis], and was killed by Heetor. 161, 2. perque caput, quod [oro] ut videam, etc.: quod [oro] ut ipse possis referre. Burmann remarks: "Tò ise non vacat [is not an idle expression] hic; quia virorum, qui bello ceciderant, cadavera in patriam ab aliis solebant referri, ut notissimum; Lao-voured my chaste affection." damia vero vovet, ut ipse salvus referat caput." 18. dolos] for which Ulysses was famous. The term refers to 'falsis.' 20. Tlepolemus was slain by Sarpedon, king of Lycia, who in his turn fell before Patroclus. 164. quod heu timeo!] "'ATоσinois aptissima, ne ex mortis men.. tione infaustum omen fiat." Burmann. 39. PENELOPE TO ULYSSES. Ulysses, having offended Minerva during the siege of Troy, was driven over the ocean for ten years on his 23. bene consuluit, etc.] "fa 26. ad] "before."--In early times, the Phrygians [Trojans] were considered Báp Capot by the Greeks. 27. nymphæ] used in the Greek sense, meaning "brides." Cf. Tibull. III. 1, 21: but Dissen reads 'meritam' for nympham.' pro salvis maritis] "for the safety of their husbands." 28. suis] sub. fatis. 30. This expression was probably |