Poison.

Class.

Treatment.

Irritant. Albumen, milk, sugar, mucilaginous drinks.

Bismuth,

subnitrate

of.

Bromine.

Brucia.

Irritant.
Spinal
neurotic.

Camphor. Irritant.
Cantharides. Irritant.

Carbolic acid. Chloral.

Irritant.

General treatmeut for irritant poisons.
Same treatment as for poisoning by nux vomica.

Free emesis. Physiological antidote, atropia, cautiously administered hypodermically.

Emetics, stimulants, wine, opium.

Free emesis to be encouraged with warm demulcent drinks; castor oil; demulcent injections.

Early use of the stomach-pump. Olive oil; saturated solution of saccharate of lime has been recommended as an antidote. Cerebral Stomach-pump; stomach well washed out with neurotic. tea or coffee. General treatment same as for opium poisoning, or poisoning by chloroform

Poison.

Class.

Treatment.

Creasote.

Irritant.

Croton oil.

Irritant.

Curara.

Spinal

Daturia.

Emetics or stomach-pump; demulcent and mucilaginous drinks.

Same general treatment as for other irritant poisons, to counteract excessive vomiting and purging. Opium, stimulants, etc.

Same general treatment as that mentioned for neurotic. poisoning by nux vomica. Cerebro-See Stramonium.

spinal

neurotic.

Digitalis(and Cerebro-Free use of emetics; vegetable infusions con-
Digitaline). spinal taining tannic acid render the active principle
neurotic. insoluble.
Elaterium. Irritant.

Ether, vapor

of.

Gelsemium.

General treatment for irritant poisons.
Cerebral Withdraw the cause; cold affusion; exposure
neurotic. to current of air; artificial respiration.
Irritant. General treatment for irritant poisons.
Sulphate of irou; mucilaginous drinks.

Gold, prepa- Irritant.

Lead, acetate, Irritant. Sulphate of zinc, producing free emesis, and

Methylene,

bichlo

ride of.

forming insoluble sulphate of lead. Milk and white of egg, given copiously, form insoluble compounds. Solutions of sulphate of magnesia or of soda, freely administered, act as antidotes and cathartics; or castor oil. Emetics, purgatives, stimulants.

See Corrosive sublimate.

Cerebral Same treatment as for poisoning by chloroform neurotic. vapor.

Cerebral Same general treatment as for poisoning by neurotic. chloroform vapor.

Irritant.

Nitrous

oxide.

Nitric acid

and Nitro

muriatic

acid.

Nux vomica.

Spinal

Oil of bitter almonds.

Opium, and its preparations.

Oxalic acid.

neurotic. Cerebrospinal neurotic. Cerebral neurotic.

Irritant.

Samne treatment as already detailed for poison-
ing by muriatic acid. Dilute solution of car-
bonate of sodium, or fluid magnesia, with
water, and demulcents may be given.
See Strychnia.

Same treatment as for hydrocyanic acid poisoning.

Direct emetics, as large doses of sulphate of zinc, repeated if necessary, or mustard and warm water, or stomach-pump. Persevere until no smell of opium remains. For the narcotic effect of the drug, affusion with cold water, walking the patient, arousing him by shaking and shouting; flagellations; afterwards strong coffee. If unsuccessful, electro-magnetism, applied between upper part of spine and chest. Artificial respiration as a last resort. As antidotes, tannic acid and iodated iodide of potassium, not reliable if employed alone. Physiological antidote, solution of atropia or tincture of belladonna.

Avoid the use of alkalies or their carbonates, as they will form poisonous salts with the oxalic acid. Give chalk or magnesia, or its carbonate, suspended in water or milk, forming insoluble and inert earthy oxalates; or saccharated solution of lime. After-treatment, mucilaginous drinks, lime-water, and oil; warmth and stimulants.

Phosphorus. Irritant. Free vomiting, with sulphate of copper, especially albuminous and mucilaginous drinks, in which hydrate of magnesia is suspended. Oil, being a solvent of phosphorus, should be avoided. Old oil of turpentine (containing oxygen), oxygenated water, oxygen inhalations, animal charcoal, have been employed as antidotes. Intravenous injection of oxygen is also recommended. Avoid animal fat in diet.

Stramonium Cerebro(and Datu

ria).

Strychnia.

spinal neurotic. Spinal

Mild vegetable acids, as dilute vinegar or le-
mon-juice; demulcent drinks; olive oil, in
large quantities, produces a soap.
Milk may

be copiously administered.
should not be used.

Stomach-pump

Same treatment as for the nitrate. Dilute
solution of bicarbonate of potassium reduces
bitartrate to harmless neutral tartrate.
Weak solution of sulphate of iron converts it
into Prussian blue. Treatment similar to
that for hydrocyanic acid.

General treatment for irritant poisons.

No known antidote; stomach-pump; free vomiting, and copious mucilaginous drinks; stimulants, opium, camphor, etc., if great depression exists.

Warm dilute drinks to produce emesis ; hydrate of magnesia, or weak solution of carbonate of ammonium; stomach-pump.

See Hydrocyanic acid.

General treatment for irritant poisons.

Albumen, milk. If nitrate of silver, the chloride of sodium.

Same treatment as for poisoning by compounds of potassium.

Same treatment as for poisoning by belladonna. Morphia should be administered subcutaneously until contraction of the pupils results. Prompt emesis by stomach-pump, or mustard neurotic. and warm water, or mixture of ipecacuanha and sulphate of zinc. Inhalation of chloroform continuously employed may relieve tetanic rigidity. Bromide of potassium, in very large doses, a physiological antidote. Hydrate of chloral, nitrite of amyl, atropia have also been employed.

Sulphuric acid.

'Irritant.

Sulphate of indigo.

Same treatment as for poisoning by muriatic acid. Solution of carbonate of sodium in milk and water.

Irritant. (Used in dyeing.) Relieved by calcined magnesia and milk, or fluid magnesia.

Tartaric acid. Irritant.

Same treatment as for poisoning by citric acid or oxalic acid.

Tobacco (and Cerebro- Stomach-pump or emetics; injections per anum.

Nicotia).

Veratrum

(and Vera

tria).

spinal neurotic. Irritaut.

Zinc, chloride Irritant. of.

Zinc, sul

phate of.

Irritant.

Rapid emesis, stimulants, with laudanum or some other opiate. Tannin has been proposed as an antidote.

Free emesis, copious warm mucilaginous drinks, or stomach-pump, albumen given liberally. Opium, if necessary.

Tepid water with milk and albumen; infusions containing taunic acid. Stomach-pump. Emollient enemata.

There is a number of so-called vegetable irritants, such as aloes, scammony, jalap, etc., which may give rise to toxical symptoms. Their effects should be treated on general principles, such as the employment of emetics, diluents, castor oil, opium, fomentations, etc. The same remarks apply also to the various articles of diet, such as fish, meat, etc., which occasionally produce similar effects. Irritant gases, as chlorine, nitrous acid or sulphurous acid vapor, etc., may act as poisons, and their effects should be treated by removal of the patient from the causes, cold affusion, etc. The numerous poisonous fungi, which may be taken into the stomach, may also produce symp toms, which may require treatment on the previouslymentioned general principles.

Bites of venomous reptiles require a special treatment; the wound may be sucked with impunity; the limb above this point having a ligature placed around it, or compressed; the part involved excised or cauterized with the iron, nitric acid, etc. The injection of liquor ammonia into the vein has also been advised. Stimulants, as ammonia or brandy, should also be freely given. The greater part of the local treatment here detailed would also be applicable in cases resulting from the bites of rabid animals.