simply to act as a judge in civil affairs relating to naval and commercial concerns in Scotland.1 ROLL OF THE LORD HIGH ADMIRALS OF SCOTLAND. Henry, earl of Orkney; to king Robert III. 1474. David, earl of Craufurd. Andrew Wood, of Largo; he was never 1502. Patrick, earl of Bothwell. Archibald, earl of Angus. Robert, lord Maxwell. 1511. Adam, earl of Bothwell; heritably. 1544. Patrick, earl of Bothwell. 1567. James, earl of Bothwell, and duke of Ork- 1578. James, earl of Morton; beheaded. 1626. James, duke of Lenox and Richmond; John, earl of Linlithgow: made admiral during the duke of Lenox's minority. 1633. James, duke of Lenox. H. R. H. JAMES, duke of YORK and ALBANY. 1668. Alexander, earl of Kincardine, vice-admiral. 1673. William, duke of Hamilton. Charles, duke of Lenox and Richmond. 1705. James, duke of Montrose. 1706. David, earl of Wemyss. The LAST Lord Admiral of Scotland. THE GREAT CHAMBERLAIN OF SCOTLAND. THE Great Chamberlain of Scotland was ranked by king Malcolm as the third great officer of the crown, and was called Camerarius Domini Regis. Before the appointment of a treasurer, it was his duty to collect the revenue of the crown, and to disburse the money necessary for the king's expenses, and the maintenance of the royal household. From the time that a treasurer was appointed, his province was limited to the boroughs throughout the kingdom, where he was a sort of justice-general, as he had a power for judging of all crimes committed within the borough. He was to hold Chamberlain-ayres every year, of which court he was the supreme judge. The smallness of his salary, 2007. per annum, and his great powers, had no doubt been the causes of much oppression in this officer, and the Chamberlain-ayre was called rather a legal robbery than a court of justice; and when the combined lords seized James VI., August 24, 1582, and carried him to Ruthven castle, they issued a proclamation in the king's name, discharging the Chamberlain from holding courts. This office was granted heritably to the family of Stuart, dukes of Lenox ; and when their male line failed, Charles II. conferred it in like manner, heritably, upon his natural son, whom he created duke of Monmouth; and on his forfeiture it went to the duke of Lenox; but that family surrendered the office to the crown in 1703. The office of Admiral of Scotland reverted to the crown on the death of the last duke of Lenox and Richmond, of the name of Stuart, in 1673. The king then bestowed it upon his natural son (an infant), Charles Lenox, afterwards duke of Richmond and Lenox, with a reservation of a term for life to his royal brother James, duke of York In 1673, William, duke of Hamilton, was appointed Admiral of Scotland, and after his death the office was managed by commissioners till the duke of Richmond became of age; and he resigned the office to the crown in 1703. 1350. Robert Erskine, lord of Erskine. 1364. Michael Monymusk, bishop of Dunkeld. 1383. Robert, duke of Albany. 1406. John, earl of Buchan. 1425. Sir John Forrester, of Corstorphine. 1440. Sir James Crichton, of Frendraught. 1453. James, lord Livingston. 1467. Robert, lord Boyd: beheaded. 1471. James, earl of Buchan: resigned. 1474. Sir John Colquhoun, of Colquhoun: killed at the siege of Dunbar. 1478. James, earl of Buchan. 1484. David, duke of Montrose. 1488. Alexander, lord Hume: beheaded. 1524. Malcolm, lord Fleming: killed at the 1553. James, lord Fleming. 1565. John, lord Fleming: killed at the siege of 1580. Esmy, duke of Lenox. 1624. Esmy, duke of Lenox; heritably. 1625. James, duke of Lenox. 1655. Charles, duke of Lenox. 1680. James, duke of Monmouth and Buccleugh: beheaded. 1685. Charles, duke of Lenox and Richmond. THE LORD HIGH STEWARD OF SCOTLAND. THE next great officer of the crown was the Lord High Steward. He was judge of the king's household, and the whole family of the royal palace was under his care. This office was esteemed of great dignity, and was held heritably for many years by one family, who at last, when surnames came into use, assumed for theirs the name of their office, Steward, or Stuart. This was done by Walter, the son of Alan, who was at the same time justiciar to king Alexander II., in 1230. This family was frequently nearly allied to the crown, and at last succeeded to it in the person of Robert, eldest son to Walter Steward, or Stuart, in the year 1371. Robert, just named, was the ninth heritable Lord High Steward of Scotland, and his son John, afterwards Robert III., was created by his father prince and Steward of Scotland, since which time the eldest son of the king is natus Senescallus Scotiæ. THE LORD HIGH CONSTABLE OF SCOTLAND. THIS is the next great officer of the crown, and whose office is of great antiquity and dignity. He had two grand prerogatives, viz., first, the keeping of the king's sword, which the king, at his promotion, when he swears fealty, delivers to him naked. Hence the badge of the Constable is a naked sword. Second, the absolute and unlimited command of the king's armies while in the field, in the absence of the king; but this command did not extend to castles and garrisons. He was likewise judge of all crimes committed within two leagues of the king's house, which precinct was called the Chalmer of Peace. The jurisdiction of this office came at last to be exercised only as to crimes during the time of parliament, which some extended likewise to all general conventions. The office was conferred heritably upon the noble family of Erroll by king Robert Bruce, and with them it still remains, having been expressly reserved by the Treaty of Union. THE EARL MARISCHAL OF SCOTLAND. THE Marischal is a German word and office, viz., a maker of camps; and the axe, which he bears as the badge of his office, was the instrument with which he broke ground, though this part of his office came to be delegated to Marischal du Camp. The Marischal commanded the cavalry, whereas the constable commanded the whole army. They seem to have had a sort of joint command, as of old all orders were addressed to "our Constable and Marischal." The office of Earl Marischal has never been out of the noble family of Keith. It was reserved at the Union; and when the heritable jurisdictions were bought, it was in the crown, having been forfeited by the rebellion of George Keith, Earl Marischal, in 1715. THE SECRETARY OF STATE IN SCOTLAND. THIS office in Scotland was nearly the same with that of the Great Prothonotary, which agreed with the Primiceriis Notarium among the Romans. He was of the prince's council, and acted therein as his secretary. The Secretary was constantly to attend the king's person; to receive all petitions and memorials that were presented to him, and to write the king's answers upon them. All letters-patent passed through his hand, and were drawn up by him; and all the king's letters, despatches, warrants, and orders, were written out by him, and generally subscribed by him. He was answerable for them if they contained anything contrary to the laws of the land, or derogatory to the king's honour and dignity. The office was kept up for some time after the Union; but since the year 1746 there has been no Secretary of State for Scotland. ROLL OF THE SECRETARIES OF STATE. (From the reign of King Malcolm IV. to the year 1746.) Nicolaus; to king Malcolm IV. 1418. John, earl of Buchan. 1564. Sir James Balfour, of Pittendriech; to queen Mary. 1380. Duncan Pecoce; to Robert II. 1410. Andrew de Hawick, rector of Liston. 1424. John Cameron, afterwards bishop of Glasgow. 1429. William Fowlis. 1432. John Methven. 1448. John Raulston, bishop of Dunkeld. 1452. William Otterburne. 1453. George de Shoreswood. 1454. John Arouse, archdeacon of Glasgow. Thomas de Vaus, dean of Glasgow. 1463. James Law, archdeacon of Glasgow. Archibald Whitlaw, archdeacon of Lothian. 1572. 1488. Alexander Inglis, afterwards bishop of Dunkeld. 1490. Patrick Paniter (vulgo Panter), archdeacon of Moray; afterwards abbot of Cambuskenneth. 1495. Richard Muirhead, dean of Glasgow, 1524. Patrick Hepburn, rector of Whiteston. James Strachan, canon of Aberdeen. James Maxwell, of Cramond, son to sir William Maxwell; to queen Mary. David Rizzio, foreign secretary to queen Mary murdered by Darnley, in the presence of his royal mistress, anno 1566. John Lesley, bishop of Ross, secretary until May 1571 made prisoner by order of queen Elizabeth for being engaged in the projected marriage of Mary with the duke of Norfolk; released in Jan. 1574.- Keith. Robert Pitcairn, archdeacon of St. An- 1584. Sir John Maitland, of Thirlestane. 1608. Sir Alexander Hay, of Newton. Sir John Preston, lord president of the 1612. Thomas, earl of Haddington. Sir Archibald Acheson, of Glencairn, bart. 1641. William, earl of Lanark, afterwards duke of Hamilton. 1561. Sir William Maitland, of Lethington, the 1644. Sir Robert Spottiswood, of New Abbey, younger. lord president of the court of session. * William, earl of Lothian: appointed by | 1696. James, lord Deskford, eldest son to the earl the parliament, when the earl of La nark fled. of Finlater, viscount (afterwards earl) of Seafield. James, earl of Seafield. John, earl of Hyndford. 1702. James, duke of Queensberry. George, viscount Tarbat, afterwards earl 1704. William, marquess of Annandale. ** Hugh, earl of Loudoun. 1714. James, duke of Montrose: resigned in 1715. 1716. John, duke of Roxburgh: resigned in 1725. 1731. Charles, earl of Selkirk. 1742. John, marquess of Tweeddale: resigned in 1746. The LAST Secretary of State in Scotland. LORDS HIGH COMMISSIONERS TO THE PARLIAMENTS OF SCOTLAND. (From the accession of King James VI. to the throne of England, to the Union of the two Kingdoms.) THE LORD CLERK REGISTER OF SCOTLAND. THE Clerk Register was anciently the principal clerk in the kingdom: from him all other clerks, who were his deputies, derived their immediate authority, and he himself acted as clerk to the parliament and council. He was called Clericus Rotulorum, because the proceedings of parliament, and minutes and judgments of other courts, were written upon rolls of parchment (hence the term Rotuli Parliamenti), which were preserved by him in the public archives. By the Treaty of Union, the preservation of the registers was particularly provided for; and the return of the election of the sixteen Scottish peers to the British parliament was ordered to be made by the Clerk Register, or by two of the clerks of session deputed by him for that purpose. ROLL OF THE LORD CLERK REGISTERS OF SCOTLAND. ** William, archbishop of St. Andrew's. Nicolaus; clericus to king Malcolm IV. 1253. Willielmus Capellanus, and Alexander de Carrerg. [All the preceding were called cler, dom, regis.] 1323. Robert de Dunbar, cler. rotul. ** John Gray; to Robert II. 1426. John Schives. 1440. Richard Craig, vicar of Dundee. 1442. George Shoreswood, rector of Culter. 1449. Sir John Methven. 1450. John Arouse, archdeacon of Glasgow. 1455. Nicol Otterburn. 1466. Fergus Macdowall. 1471. David Guthrie, of Guthrie. 1477. Alexander Inglis, chancellor of the see of 1482. Patrick Leith, canon of Glasgow. ** Sir Stephen Lockhart; to James IV. 1566. Sir James Balfour. 1567. James Macgill, again. 1577. Sir Alexander Hay, of Easter Kennet. 1594. Sir John Skene, of Curriehill. 1598. Sir John Skene, and his son, James Skene. 1612. Sir Thomas Hamilton, afterwards earl of Haddington. ** Sir Alexander Hay, of Whitburgh. 1616. Sir George Hay, afterwards earl of Kinnoul. 1622. Sir John Hamilton, of Magdalens. 1632. Sir Alexander Hay, of Lands. 1641. Sir Alexander Gibson, junior, of Durie. 1702. John, marquess of Tweeddale. 1706. Sir James Murray, of Philiphaugh, knt. 1714. Archibald, earl of Isla, afterwards duke of Argyll. 1716. James, duke of Montrose. July. THE LORD JUSTICE-GENERAL OF SCOTLAND. THE Lord Chief Justice, or, as he was called in Scotland, the Lord Justice-General, was placed next in rank to the lord chancellor. He was anciently, before the court of session was erected, the grand justiciar of Scotland, and his court was originally the only sovereign court of the kingdom, and had a great part of that jurisdiction which now belongs to the court of session; and even after the erection of that court several civil causes came before it; but at length its powers were confined to criminal matters alone, and the Justice-General was empowered to name his own deputies. In 1671, the court of justiciary was constituted, nearly as it now stands, by a commission under the great seal, afterwards ratified by regulations made in 1672. The kingdom was divided into three circuits, to which the judges went once a-year; but after the suppression of the heritable jurisdictions, the assizes were held twice a-year. Anciently the kingdom was divided into two justiciaries, viz., the north and the south of the Frith of Forth. The office was hereditary in several families; but the family of Argyll surrendered it to the crown, for a valuable consideration, in 1628, which arrangement was ratified by parliament in 1633. From that time it was disposed of either for life, or during pleasure, by a commission under the great seal. ROLL OF THE LORDS JUSTICE-GENERAL OF SCOTLAND. ** Argadus, captain of Argyle; in the reign | 1227. Walter Oliphant. of Ethodius. **Comes Dunetus; in the reign of William. ** The earl of Fife. ** Walter, son to Allan; seneschal or steward 1239. Walter, earl of Ross, north of Forth. * Alexander, seneschal to Alexander II. Hugh de Berkelay, south of Forth. 1253. Alexander Cummin, earl of Buchan. 1366. Robert de Erskine, north of Forth. |