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whom she had (besides three other sons,
William, Theobald, and Henry)

STEPHEN, afterwards king, by usurpa-
tion, the empress Maud being rightful
heir.

9. Gundred; married to William, earl of Warren
and Surrey.

10. Agatha (called Margaret by Ralph Brooke); betrothed to Alphonso, king of Galicia, but died on her journey to join her bridegroom.

ISSUE OF HENRY I.

1. William, drowned on his passage from Normandy: the prince's newly married bride, Matilda, daughter of Fulke, earl of Anjou, shared the same fate.

2. Maud, or Matilda; married, 1st, to the emperor

Henry V.; and, 2d, to Geoffrey Plantagenet, son of Fulke, earl of Anjou, by whom she had:

I. HENRY, surnamed Fitz-Empress, who
ascended the throne as Henry II.

II. Geoffrey (Pembroke) earl of Nantes.
III. William, earl of Poitou.

IV. Emma, married to David (by usurpa-
tion) prince of North Wales.
ISSUE OF STEPHEN.

1. Baldwin; died in infancy.
2. Eustace, earl of Boulogne.
3. William, earl of Mortaigne.
4. Maud; died young.

5. Mary, married to Matthew, son of Theodore,
count of Flanders.

BORN OF THE PLANTAGENET LINE.

ISSUE OF HENRY II.

1. William, who died in childhood.

younger, earl of Pembroke; and 2d, to Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester.

2. Henry; married Margaret, daughter of the 5. Isabel; married to the emperor Frederick II.

French king: died before his father.2

3. RICHARD, who succeeded his father on the throne.

4. Geoffrey, earl of Brittany and Richmond;
married Constance, daughter of Conan, duke
of Brittany accidentally killed at a tour-
nament in Paris, leaving

1. Arthur, earl or duke of Brittany,
who was rightful heir of his uncle
Richard.

II. Eleanor, who died unmarried.

5. Philip, who died young.

6. JOHN, who usurped the crown, in prejudice to his nephew Arthur, whom he murdered. Hume.

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7. Eleanor; married to Alphonso VIII., king of Castile.

8. Maud; married to Henry the Lion, duke of Brunswick, ancestor of the present royal family of England.

9. Joan; married to William II., count of Sicily;
and, 2d, Raymond, count of Toulouse.

[Henry had two sons by Rosamond
Clifford: viz., William Longespee, or
Longsword, so named from the sword
he usually wore; and Geoffrey, arch-
bishop of York.]

ISSUE OF KING JOHN.

1. HENRY, who ascended the throne as Henry III. 2. Richard, earl of Poitou and Cornwall; elected king of the Romans in 1256.

3. Joan; married to Alexander II., king of Scotland.

4. Eleanor; married to William Marshall the

ISSUE OF HENRY III.

1. EDWARD, who ascended the throne.

2. Edmund Plantagenet, surnamed Crouchback, earl of Lancaster.3

3. Richard; 4. John; 5. William; who all died
young.

6. Henry; assassinated at mass in Italy.
7. Margaret; married to Alexander III., king of
Scotland.

8. Beatrice; married to John, 1st duke of Brit

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1 She was married to the emperor when only in her twelfth year; and was his wife eleven years, but had no issue by him. This eminent princess is usually called "the Empress." She is memorable for the resolution with which she contended against Stephen for the English sceptre: died at Rouen, in Sept. 1167.

2 This prince was married at four years of age to Margaret, daughter of Louis VII. In his sixteenth year his father caused him to be crowned, June, 1070; and three years afterwards his marriage was consummated. He broke out into rebellion against the king, and this unnatural contention between father and son, which continued long, was at length terminated by the death of the prince, at the castle of Martel, in Touraine, in 1082.- Banks. 3 Edmund Plantagenet was first made earl of Chester, but the grant was revoked, and given to his elder brother. By the pope he was invested in the kingdom of Sicily and Apulia; but the splendid gift, it is well known, came to nothing: so that his real and intrinsic honour was that of earl of Lancaster.- Banks. This prince, sitting down before Bourdeaux, with a large force, and not being able to take the place, became so much affected by his ill success, that a fit of sickness was brought on, of which he died. One circumstance does honour to his memory: he commanded “that his body should not be interred until all his debts were paid." He was buried in Westminster Abbey.

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3. Joan; married, in her minority, to David, [*. prince of Scotland, son of Robert Bruce.

4. Eleanor; married to Reynald or Reginald, earl of Gueldres.

ISSUE OF EDWARD III.

1. Edward, surnamed the Black Prince, prince
of Wales2; born June 15, 1330; married
his cousin Joan, the "Fair Maid of Kent,"
daughter of Edmund, earl of Kent, repu-
diated wife of Thomas Montacute, earl of
Salisbury, and widow of sir Thomas Hol-
land: he died July 8, 1376, having had
issue

I. Edward, who died in his seventh year.
II. RICHARD, who came to the crown as
Richard II.

2. William, of Hatfield; died early.
3. Lionel, duke of Clarence; married 1st, Eli-

zabeth de Burgh, daughter of William,
earl of Ulster, by whom he had an only
daughter, Philippa, married to Edmund
Mortimer, earl of March. Lionel espoused,
2d, Violante, daughter of the duke of
Milan, and died in Italy soon after. For
the issue of Philippa, see below.

4. John, of Ghent, or Gaunt (so called from the
place of his birth), duke of Lancaster.
From this prince sprang that branch
which afterwards possessed the crown.
See below.

5. Edmund, of Langley, earl of Cambridge, and,
afterwards, duke of York; married Isabel,
daughter of Peter, king of Castile and
Leon; 2dly, Joan, daughter of Thomas,
earl of Kent. For his issue (by his first
duchess), see below.

6. William, of Windsor, who died young.
7. Thomas, of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester;
married Eleanor, eldest daughter and co-
heiress of Humphrey de Bohun, earl of
Hereford, Essex, and Northampton. The
duke was murdered at Calais, Sept. 8,
1397.3

8. Isabel; married to Ingelram de Courcy, cre-
ated earl of Bedford.

The following are given under separate heads, as materially serving to elucidate the claims to, and the descent of, the crown.]

ISSUE OF PHILIPPA

(daughter of Lionel, duke of Clarence, 3rd son of Edward III. See above).

1. Roger Mortimer, earl of March; married Eleanor, daughter of Thomas Holland, earl of Kent: killed in Ireland, leaving issue

I. Edmund, earl of March, who, on the death of Richard II. became rightful heir to the crown: he was kept in confinement by Henry IV., and died in prison, in 1424.

II. Anne Mortimer, who became heiress of her house, and conveyed its claims on the crown to the house of York, by her marriage with Richard, earl of Cambridge.

III. Eleanor; married to Edward Courtenay, earl of Devon.

2. Edmund Mortimer; who settled in North
Britain.

3. John Mortimer; put to death in 1424.
4. Elizabeth; married to Henry, lord Percy,
surnamed Hotspur.

5. Philippa; married, 1st, to John, earl of Pem-
broke; 2d, to Richard Fitz-Alan, earl of
Arundel.

ISSUE OF JOHN OF GAUNT

(4th son of Edward III.).

[This prince married, 1st, Blanch, youngest daughter and coheiress of Henry, duke of Lancaster; and had issue]

1. HENRY, afterwards Henry IV.

2. Philippa; married to John I., king of Portugal.

3. Elizabeth; married, 1st, to John, duke of Exeter; and, 2d, to sir John Cornewall, created baron Fanhope.

[He married, 2d, Constance, eldest daughter and coheiress of Peter, king of Castile, nd Leon, by whom he had]

1 The crime of this prince was, his endeavouring to deliver his brother, Edward III., from prison. By the contrivance of queen Isabel and her minion Mortimer, he was beheaded at Winchester, after having stood upon the scaffold from noon until five o'clock in the evening, waiting for an executioner. "No one," says the historian, "could be found hardened enough to perform the odious office." It was at length undertaken by a malefactor from the Marshalsea.- Banks.

In the 7th of Edward III. (1333), this prince had a grant of the county of Chester, with the castles of Chester, Rothelan, Flint, and Beeston; and in the parliament holden at Westminster, 11th of same reign, he was created duke of Cornwall. From this period the dukedom of Cornwall has ever been vested in the heir apparent to the crown, who is duke of Cornwall immediately upon his birth; whereas the titles of prince of Wales and earl of Chester are by special creation or declaration, as in the instance of this noble prince, who, 17th Edward III. was by his father advanced to the former dignity, and had livery of all the castles and lands of the principality. — Banks.

3 Thomas was taken from Pleshey, in Essex, and conveyed to Calais, where (with the royal privity) he was smothered under a feather-bed, by Seile, Francis, and others, who, informing him of the king's command, and announcing to him that he must die, he resigned himself, and said, that if it were his sovereign's pleasure he would submit to it. This appears by the examination of John Hall, taken in parliament, 1st Henry IV. 1399; and though not acting in the murder, this Hall was sentenced to be hanged at Tyburn and his body sent to Calais, where the deed was done.

She bore the title of Queen of Spain, and was conveyed to that country, where she presently died of the plague, which then raged, aged fourteen. So that Alphonso, coming to meet her, with great pomp, to solemnize his nuptials, had, instead, to follow her, in mourning, to the grave, anno 1348."— Rabbe's Historia de España.

4. Catherine; married to Henry, prince of Asturias, afterwards king of Castile and Leon.

[The duke married, 3d, Catherine, daughter of sir Payn Roelt, knt., and widow of sir Hugh Swynford. By this lady he had, before marriage]

5. John; marquess of Dorset and Somerset, ancestor of the present duke of Beaufort.

6. Henry; bishop of Winchester.

7. Thomas; duke of Exeter.

8. Joan; married to, 1st, Robert, lord Ferrers; and, 2d, to Ralph Nevill, earl of Westmoreland.

[These last, by act of parliament, 20 Richard II., were declared legitimate for all purposes but inheriting the crown.]

ISSUE OF EDMUND, EARL OF CAMBRIDGE (5th son of Edward III.).

1. Constance; married to Thomas le Despencer, earl of Gloucester.

2. Edward, duke of York and Albemarle; slain at the battle of Agincourt.

II. Richard, duke of York and protector of England; married Cicely, daughter of Ralph Nevill, earl of Westmoreland: he was slain at the battle of Wakefield in 1460. His issue follows:

ISSUE OF RICHARD, DUKE OF YORK. 1. Henry; died an infant.

2. EDWARD; afterwards Edward IV. 3. Edmund, earl of Rutland; slain at Wakefield, aged only 12 years.

4. William; died in infancy.

5. John; died an infant.

6. George, duke of Clarence; married Isabel, daughter of Richard Nevill, earl of Warwick attainted, and allowed by his brother, Edward IV., to choose the manner of his death, 14771: he left issue I. Edward, earl of Warwick; beheaded in 1499.

II. Margaret, countess of Salisbury; married to sir Richard Pole: attainted, and beheaded in 1541.

7. Thomas; died an infant.

8. RICHARD, afterwards Richard III.

9. Anne; married, 1st, Henry Holland, duke of Exeter; and, 2d, sir Thomas St. Leger,

10.

3. Richard, earl of Cambridge; married Anne
Mortimer,great-grand-daughter, and even-
tually heiress of his uncle Lionel, duke of
Clarence. Through her the house of York
derived its title to the crown in preference
to the house of Lancaster, which, though
descended in an unbroken male line from
Edward III. was the line of a younger
The earl was beheaded for a plot 12.
against the life of Henry V, leaving issue
I. Isabel; married to Henry Bourchier,
earl of Essex.

son.

11.

knt.

Elizabeth; married to John Delapole, duke

of Suffolk.

Margaret; married to Charles, duke of Burgundy.

Ursula.

Edward, earl of Warwick, beheaded, as above, in 1499, was the last of the male line of the Plantagenets.

BORN OF THE HOUSE OF LANCASTER.

ISSUE OF HENRY IV.

1. HENRY, surnamed Monmouth, prince of Wales, who succeeded to the throne as Henry V. 2. Thomas, of Lancaster, duke of Clarence, who fell at the battle of Beague, in 1421. 3. John, of Lancaster, duke of Bedford, the celebrated regent of France in the minority of Henry VI. This prince's treatment of the enthusiastic Maid of Orleans indelibly tarnished the laurels he had won by a series of brilliant achievements.

4. Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, regent of England in the same minority. It is supposed that he died by violence or poison. 5. Blanch; married, 1st, to Louis, prince palatine of Bavaria; 2d, to the king of Arragon; and, 3d, to the duke of Barre.

6. Philippa; married to Eric, king of Denmark.

ISSUE OF HENRY V.

HENRY, prince of Wales, who succeeded to the crown as Henry VI.

The widow of Henry V. married sir Owen Tudor of the principality of Wales, said to be of royal lineage, by whom she had

I. Edmund Tudor, created earl of
Richmond, who married Mar-
garet, daughter of John, first
duke of Somerset, and great-
grand-daughter of John of
Gaunt; and left an only son,
HENRY, earl of Richmond,
who ascended the throne as
Henry VII.

II. Jasper Tudor, created earl of
Pembroke.

III. Tacina Tudor, married to Regi-
nald, lord Grey, of Wilton.

ISSUE OF HENRY VI. Edward, prince of Wales, born Oct. 31, 1452; he married, in 1470, the lady Anne Nevill, second daughter and coheiress of Richard Nevill, earl of Warwick. This prince was, with his mother, taken prisoner at the battle of Tewkesbury, in 1471, and was murdered a few days afterwards by the dukes of Gloucester and Clarence, and lord Hastings. His widow, Anne, subsequently married Gloucester, one of his murderers, who became king, as Richard III.

He was drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine, his brother, the duke of Gloucester, as it is said, assisting at his death with his own hands. Though the king consented to his death, yet no sooner was the unnatural deed accomplished, than he repented of it, and so poignantly did it cause him to feel, that whenever he was solicited to spare the life of a condemned person, he would exclaim, "Oh! unfortunate brother! for whose life no man would make suit."

BORN OF THE HOUSE OF York.

ISSUE OF EDWARD IV.

1. EDWARD, prince of Wales, who succeeded his father as Edward V., and

2. Richard, duke of York. These two princes were murdered in the Tower, at the instance of their uncle Richard, duke of Gloucester, in 1483.

[The latter prince, Richard, was married in his infancy to Anne, heiress of the house of Mowbray, only child of John Mowbray, duke of Norfolk and earl marshal of England, she being also an infant.]

3. George; who died young.

4. Elizabeth; married to Henry VII.

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BORN OF THE HOUSE OF TUDOR.

ISSUE OF HENRY VII.

1. Arthur, prince of Wales; born Sept. 20, 1486; married, Nov. 1501, the infanta Catharine, daughter of Ferdinand of Arragon; but died in a few months afterwards. His widow became the first wife of his brother Henry VIII.; to whom she was married June 3, 1509. 2. HENRY, who succeeded his father on the throne as Henry VIII.

3. Edmund, who died young. 4. Margaret, married, 1st, to James IV. of Scotland, by whom she had an only son, James V. of Scotland, father of the unfortunate Mary, queen of Scots, whose son, James VI., ascended the English throne as James I. Margaret inarried, 2d, Arthur Douglas, earl of Angus, from whom she was divorced; and, 3d, Henry Stuart, earl of Methven. By her second husband she had an only daughter, Margaret, who espoused Matthew Stuart, earl of Lenox, and was mother of Henry, earl of Darnley, the husband of Mary of Scots, and father of James I. of England. 5. Elizabeth, who died in infancy.

6. Mary; married, 1st, to Louis XII. king of

1.

2.

3.

4.

France; and, 2d, to Charles Brandon, duke of Suffolk; by whom she left

I. Henry, earl of Lincoln, who died ur. married.

II. Frances, married to Henry Grey, marquess of Dorset, afterwards duke of Suffolk; and had three daughters, of whom the eldest was the amiable and unfortunate lady Jane Grey.

III. Eleanor, married to Henry Clifford, earl of Cumberland, and left a daughter, Margaret, who espoused Henry Stanley, earl of Derby.

ISSUE OF HENRY VIII.

Henry, who died young.

MARY (by Catharine of Arragon) who ascended the throne.

ELIZABETH (by his second queen, Anna Boleyn) who ascended the throne.

EDWARD (by his third queen, the lady Jane Seymour) who ascended the throne.

[The king had by his first queen, besides Henry and Mary, other children not named, who died in infancy.]

BORN OF THE HOUSE OF STUART.

ISSUE OF JAMES I

1. Henry-Frederick, created, after his father's accession, duke of Cornwall, and in May 1610, prince of Wales: died, at the age of eighteen, Nov. 6, 1612.

2. Robert, who died early.

3. CHARLES, who succeeded his father on the throne as Charles I.

4. Elizabeth; married to Frederick, count palatine of the Rhine, who, in 1620, was elected king of Bohemia; but afterwards driven from his dominions. She had issue:

I. Frederick-Henry: drowned in 1529, in his fifteenth year.

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1 This amiable princess, who saw only a phantom of royalty, and had nothing more than the empty title of queen, bore her misfortunes with magnanimity when her husband lost his possessions, which the weak policy of James would not enable him to recover. She was so beloved that in the Low Countries she was called "The Queen of Hearts." After the restoration of Charles II., she visited England, and is supposed to have married William, the first lord Craven, whose house was in Drury-lane, where, some years since, was a tavern known by the name of the "Queen of Bohemia."-T. C. Banks.

IX. Elizabeth, who became abbess of Her-
vorden, in Westphalia, and died in
1680.

X. Louisa-Hollandia, became abbess of
Maubisson, near Paris.

XI. Henrietta; married Sigismund, prince
of Transylvania, and died a few
months after.

XII. Charlotte; died in infancy. XIII. Sophia: on whose descendants the crown of England devolved by the act of Settlement; born Oct. 13, 1630; married, 1658, Ernest-Augustus, duke of Brunswick-Lunenburg, afterwards elector of Hanover, by whom she had issue, GEORGE-Lewis, who ascended the English throne as George I.

5. Margaret; died young, 1598.

6. Mary; died in her third year, 1607.

7. Sophia; died two days after her birth, 1606.

ISSUE OF THE PRINCESS SOPHIA
(grand-daughter of James I.).

1. GEORGE-Lewis, afterwards king George I.
2. Frederick-Augustus; slain in battle against

the Turks, 1690.

3. Maximilian-William; died Dec. 1666. 4. Charles-Philip; slain in battle, 1690.

5. Christian; drowned in the Danube, July, 1703. 6. Ernest-Augustus, bishop of Osnaburg; created, in 1716, duke of York and Albany and earl of Ulster died August, 1728.

7. Sophia-Charlotte; married to Frederick-William, elector of Brandenburg, king of Prussia.

ISSUE OF CHARLES I.

1. Charles, who died the day he was born. 2. CHARLES, prince of Wales,afterwards Charles II. 3. JAMES, duke of York, afterwards James II. 4. Henry, duke of Gloucester, who died unmarried, in 1660.

5. Mary, married to William II. of Nassau, prince of Orange, by whom she had an only son, WILLIAM, who ascended the throne of England, as William III.

6. Elizabeth, who died of grief, a prisoner in Carisbrook Castle in Sept. 1650, aged 15 years. 7. Anne, who died young.

8. Henrietta-Maria, married to Philip, duke of Anjou, afterwards duke of Orleans, only brother to Louis XIV.

ISSUE OF CHARLES II.

[This prince left no legitimate issue, but had many natural children by various mistresses; among these was the celebrated James, duke of Monmouth, by Mrs. Lucy Walters'.]

ISSUE OF JAMES II.

1. Charles, duke of Cambridge, who died young. 2. MARY, married to William-Henry of Nassau, prince of Orange: she and her husband afterwards ascended the English throne as Mary II. and William III.

3. James, duke of Cambridge; born July, 1663: died in 1667.

4. ANNE, who succeeded to the crown. 5. Charles, duke of Kendal; died an infant. 6. Edgar, duke of Cambridge; born Sept. 14, 1667: died June 8, 1671.

7. Henrietta; died in infancy.

8. Catherine, who also died an infant.

These four sons and four daughters were by lady Anne Hyde, and none of them, except Mary and Anne, afterwards queens regnant, survived four years of age. By his second wife, the princess of Modena,

James had:

9. Catherine-Laura, who died in infancy. 10. Charles, duke of Cambridge; died an infant. 11. Isabella; died in her 4th year. 12. Charlotte-Maria; died in infancy.

13.

14.

James-Francis-Edward, so well known after

his father's death as the PRETENDER, and supposed by many to have been of fictitious birth; born June 18, 1668; married, in 1719, Mary-Clementina, daughter of prince James Sobieski, and grand-daughter of John, king of Poland, by whom he had

issue:

I. Charles-Edward, the celebrated Chevalier St. George, or YoUNG PRETENDER, born in 1720; married the princess Stohlberg: died in 1788.

II. Henry-Benedict, known as CARDINAL YORK; died in 1807, when the whole issue of James became extinct.

1712.

Louisa-Maria-Theresa, born in 1692: died in [James had also several natural children, of whom was the renowned James FitzJames, duke of Berwick, by lady Arabella Churchill: he followed his father, after his abdication, into France; became general of the French and Spanish armies; and successfully contended against England in the battle of Amanza, in 1707. Killed at the siege of Philipsburgh in 1734.]

ISSUE OF QUEEN ANNE.

1. A daughter, still-born.

2. Mary, born June 9, 1685: died Feb. 8, 1686. 3. Anne Sophia, born May 12, 1686: died Feb. 2, 1687.

In 1679, a belief very generally obtained throughout the kingdom, that the king had been lawfully married to this lady. This belief was countenanced the more on account of the popularity of the duke of Monmouth, who was daily gaining on the affections of the people. Some of Monmouth's supposed chief friends began to invite him to cast his eyes upon the crown. This so affected the king that his majesty thought himself obliged, both in conscience and honour, to cause the following Declaration to be entered in the records of his privy council: "Whitehall, March 3, 1679.

"That to avoid any dispute which may happen in time to come, concerning the succession of the crown, he "declares in the presence of ALMIGHTY GOD, that he never gave, nor made any contract of marriage, nor was ever "married to any woman whatsoever, but to his present wife, Queen Catherine, now living.

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With this Declaration some persons not being satisfied, and the duke of Monmouth growing still more popular, his majesty thought fit to renew his Protestation, thus:

"On the word of a King and the faith of a Christian, that he was never married to Mrs. Lucy Barlow, alias "Walters, the Duke of Monmouth's mother, nor to any other woman whatsoever, besides the now Queen." The latter protestation is of record in the Court of Chancery.

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