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Silva, of a luxuriant crop, 152

Stag, longevity of, 75

Silvae, how connected with pasturage, 20: Stage-curtain, ancient, rose instead of fall-
of plantations, 228, 237

ing, 254

Silvanus, connexion of with the cypress, Stagnare, of overflowing rivers, 334

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sometimes their masters' rivals, 29
Sleep called soft, 76

Smoke, its effect in seasoning wood, 162
Snakes, how got rid of, 287: habits of, 289
Soil and climate, treated together, 206:
tests applied to soil by the ancients, 220
Soldier, Roman, weight carried by, 282
Soles, fine days,' 184

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Solifuga, solpuga, 329
Sollicitus, of love, 99

Solstitium, restricted use of, 154
Song during spinning or weaving, 341
Sophocles, perfection of his style, 14: his
description of the fight between Hercules
and Achelous, 271
Sorti, archaic ablative, 320
Sortiri for eligere, 258

Spadix, 259

Spatia, senses of, 250

Specimen, 218

Spectare ad aliquid, 40

Speculari, shades of meaning of, 171
Spelaeum, a rare word, 104

Spelt, a hardy grain, 167

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Subigere, of rowing, 164: other senses of,
200

Subiectare and subvectare, 273

Subjunctive, in questions, 38, 240: pre-
sent followed by imperfect, 315
Submittere, its agricultural sense, 24, 258
Succedere sub, 54

Succidere, to sever from below, 176
Suckers, propagation of trees by, 197
Sudum, of the season, 311
Sufficere, 258

Sulphur, kinds of, 290
Sun, prognostics from, 188
Suovetaurilia, 181

Super, 'besides,' 233: other adverbial
senses of, 275: 'concerning,' 363
Superare, its various senses, 94, 163, 218,
227, 228, 257

Spenser, prefatory epistle to his 'Shep- Superesse, of abundance, 263

herd's Calendar' referred to, 3

Spercheus, orthography of, 245

Supinus, applied to land, meaning of, 223
Supremus clamor, 353

Spernere, to spurn,' 328: of slighted love, Surdo canere, &c., 99

359

Spinus, what, 318

Spirare, of the sea, 178

Spondaic, hexameter, 276
Springs, sacredness of, 25, 338

Squalere, of land going to weeds, 194: of
roughness, 230: connected with squama,
304, 312

Stabula, not confined to cattle, 305
Stabulare, intransitive, 271

Sus, of a wild boar, 274

Suspendere aratrum, 35: tellurem, 151
Suus, uses of, 305, 323

Swallow flies low before rain, 183: enemy
to bees, 305: harbinger of spring, 336
Swans, music of, 94 poets changed into,

252

Swineherds not out of place in the Eclogues,

101

Sword, straight, of the Roman soldier, 194

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Tabulata, of the branches which supported Thymbra, 306

the vine, 232

Tabum and tabes, 293

Taenarus, entrance to the shades at, 354
Talis, in the vocative, 51
Talpa, masculine, 163

Tamarisks, relation of, to bucolic poetry,
46

Tamen, after all,' 97, 102

Tantum, answering to orov, 64: used of
place or of time, ib. : with genitive, 311:
with adjectives, 313
Tardae noctes, 245

Tarentine territory, fertility of, 214, 316
Taurus for bos or iuvencus, 149

Taygeta and Taygetus, 245, 256
Taygete, one of the Pleiads, 328
Telum, of lightning, 179
Temo, of the plough, 161
Tempe, of any lovely valley, 244

Temperare, of mitigating either heat or
cold, 155, 281: with dative or ablative,
182

Thymbraeus, of Apollo, 338
Tibia, 214

Tibullus, avoids eliding long vowels after
the first foot, 109

Tigers, black, 348: tigers not found in
Thrace, 358

Timere, with dative, 67

Tinguere, of both immersing and dyeing,
196
Tinus, 317

Tithonus not one of the ancestors of the
Caesars, 256

Tityrus identified with Virgil, 11

meaning of the name, 20

Tmolus not known to have been famous for
saffron, 150 its wine, 204, 345
Tofus (tophus), 216

Toga picta, 253: praetexta, ib.
Tollere ad astra, 58

Tondere, of reaping, 152: of browsing,
240, 333 of plucking a flower, 317
Tonsa oliva, 254

Tempestas, shades of meaning of, 147, 171, Torches, cutting of, part of a countryman's
177, 178

Temples dedicated after victory, 253

Temptare (tentare), of giving physical pain,
25, 289

Tendere vim, 347: vincula, ib.

work, 82

Torquere, of shooting an arrow, 105
Torto verbere, 261

Torvus, 256

Totus, of a full-length statue, 75

Tener opposed to aridus, 66: tenerae res, Tractim, 331

of young plants, 229

Tenere, of shutting out, 233: ora, 355
Tennyson referred to, 8, 194

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Tenuis, subtle' or 'penetrating,' 153, 231,

280, 348: disyllable, 185: of wine, 204
Terere tornare, 241

Tereus, Greek and Roman versions of the

story of, 70

Terni for tres, 86

Terrae, of the whole earth, 191
Terreus, made of earth,' 229

Thalia said to be the inventress of agricul-
ture, 63

Thasian wine, 204
Theocritus, characteristics of, 2

doubtful whether he had any
predecessors in pastoral poetry, 2
--, servility with which Virgil co-
pies him, 5, 6

Theophrastus, undiscriminating use of by
Virgil, 230

Thesidae, of the Athenians, 234
Thrace the country of Mars, 353
Three, magic efficacy of the number, 86

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Venire, of a star rising, 106: 'to become,'
148: 'to grow,' 150, 197

Venus, connexion of the Julian family with,
96, 147 of passion, 358
Ver agere, 229

Verb carried from one part of a sentence to
another, 241: omitted in inscriptions, 75

Turf, burning away of, not practised by the Verbenae, 85, 316
ancients, 153

Turning the back in certain ceremonies, 89

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Turpis, ugly,' 257

Tus (thus), tree producing it, 206

Five hundred points of good

Tusser, his

husbandry,' 120

Tyrannus, 356

Typhoeus, 173

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Versare, of keeping sheep, 106: of plough-
ing, 156 of forming plans, 311
Versus, senses of, 317

Vertere, of ploughing, 144: vertere fas
atque nefas, 194

Vertex for polus, 169: vertex and vortex,
191 meanings of, ib.

Verutum, 211

Vescus, 266, 316

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Victor, of intellectual triumph, 252
Videre, in the sense of vigilare, 64
Videri, 'to be seen,' 65

Viduatus with genitive and ablative, 359
Vigilare aliquid, 177

Vincere verbis, 277: flamma, 301
Vine leaves used for skimming must, 175

poles not allowed to remain out, 237
Vines sometimes trained on willows, 103:
different modes of rearing, 195: innu-
merable varieties of, 205; vine and its
supporters spoken of indifferently, 195,
221 vines and figs, position of some-
times changed on transplanting, 222:
some vines suited for the hill, others for
the plain, ib.: vine planted less deeply
than its supporter, 225: training of, by
espaliers, 232: pruning of, ib.
Vineyard, aspect of, 225: vineyards on ter-
raced rocks, 234

Virgil draws his images to a great extent
from books, 7

seems sometimes to mistake the mean-
ing of Greek authors, 83, 85, 89, 173

hints at one mode of expression while
using another, 232: tells things by im-
plication, 65, 233, 252, 272, 355, 361

does not name the authors whom he
imitates, 131

-, orthography of the name, 364

-, his literary ambition, 62, 135 foll. : his
agricultural knowledge probably defective,
130 his enthusiasm for nature and for
philosophy overrated, 134 foll.: his pro-
mises to celebrate his patrons, 62, 80, 256

Virgo, of other than unmarried women, 67
Virgultum, 196

Virus, sometimes a neutral word, 157
Vis and vin (visne) distinguished, 38
Viscera, extent of its meaning, 300, 336
Vitium, 'disease,' 77
Vocare for provocare, 268
Vocative of the participle, 342
Volans, at full speed,' 199

Volcanus (Vulcanus), of a large fire, 175
Volemi, 203

Volgo, universally,' 283
Volgus, of beasts, 292

Volitare per ora, &c., meaning of, 252
Volucer equivalent to tenuis, 216
Volutabrum, 287

Wind spoken of as the agent in producing
a calm, 32, 355: prognostics of, 182:
impregnation by, 276

Winds supposed to blow from all quarters
at once, 177: homes of, in the different
quarters of the sky, 183, 276

Wine given to horses, pigs, &c., 295: poured
on altar at end of sacrifice, 345

Wines called from places after the vines
had ceased to be grown there, 204
Winnowing-fan, 160

Wolves, change of men into, 88: supersti-
tion about meeting, 96

Wood pigeons, incubation of, a sign of au-
tumn, 26

sacred to Venus, 42

Volvere, of passing time, 225: of breath, Woods, sound of, a sign of wind, 182
259

Vomitoria, 243

Vopiscus, references of, to Nemesianus, 109
foll.

Vowel, a short, rarely unelided, 34

Wool, varieties of, 279

Wycherley, his lines on Pope's Pastorals
quoted, 12, 13

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ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Page 5. I have expressed myself as if Pope might have been better employed in original composition than in translation. Further reflection has led me to doubt whether his Homer is not a more durable monument of his peculiar genius than any great original poem, or perhaps any number of small original poems, would have been. But the value of the illustration, such as it is, is not affected by the critical judgment which goes along with it.

P. 10, line 11, for reality in which read reality which.

Pp. 47, 48, notes on vv. 4, 5. Mr. Greswell, in his "Origines Kalendariae Italicae," vol. ii. pp. 625-630, explains the ultima aetas' as the ninth in the decursus of saecula peculiar to the city of Rome, coinciding with the tenth in that of the Etruscan saecula in general. He refers to a story mentioned by Servius on E. 9. 46, to the effect that on the appearance of the comet after the death of Julius Caesar, Vulcatius the haruspex announced that it signified the end of the ninth (in the Roman order, eighth) secle, and the beginning of the tenth, adding that as the secret was one which he had no right to divulge, he should be struck dead by the gods; which took place immediately. Mr. Greswell remarks that Vulcatius was in error, as the eighth Roman secle had not then come to an end, being only half completed, but that the story shows what was believed at the time.

6

P. 50, note on v. 28. Dele the reference to G. 2. 389. There is nothing in the note there which need hinder our giving' mollis' here and in E. 5. 31 the sense of waving,' neither corn-ears nor thyrsi being things which necessarily move altogether, if they move at all.' 'Mollis arista' however probably includes something more-the notion not merely of flexibility, but of delicacy and grace. The corn-ear may of course be looked upon as rough, horrens;' but it may also suggest an opposite notion, with no less truth. To suppose with some of the commentators that the corn of the golden age is to be no longer pointed and bearded, but soft, is, I think, to mistake the poetical image.

P. 96, note on v. 50. Dele the words Insere-generation,' and substitute The meaning is not merely that the trees shall be good bearing trees for more than one generation, but that the farmer's posterity shall enjoy the property of their progenitor. Servius says "Hoc in gratiam Augusti, per cuius beneficium securus de agris suis est... ac si diceret, Nihil est quod possis timere : nam illud respicit quod supra invidiose ait [1. 74], Insere nunc, Meliboee, piros."'

P. 102, note on v. 27. For sulphate read sulphide.

P. 103, note on v. 40. I understand that vines are trained on willows in Lombardy at the present day.

P. 158, text, v. 141. Dele semicolon after amnem.

P. 167, note on v. 222. After E. 2. 67, add Virgil's meaning is express, and his error is sufficiently accounted for when its source is pointed out.

P. 168, note on vv. 231-251. For Through the temperate zones read Between the temperate zones.

P. 184, note on vv. 391, 392. For spattering read sputtering.

P. 216, note on v. 214. For a venomous snake read venomous snakes.

P. 243, note on v. 466. For as then read as there.

P. 260, note on v. 91. For 2. 406 read 2. 476.

P. 265, note on v. 155. For defendit read defendite.

P. 278, text, v: 297. For felicum read filicum.

P. 280. Dele note on v. 326, which contains an unintentional misquotation.

P. 332, note on v. 276. I ought to have excepted E. 8. 76, which, though found in all the MSS., is almost certainly spurious, as I have there remarked: but the case of a burden of a song repeated once too often is clearly different from that of an ordinary interpolation.

P. 344, note on v. 373. Lord Dudley, in his "Letters to the Bishop of Llandaff," p. 61, says of the Po, "It is very broad at Piacenza, and pours along with tremendous rapidity."

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