Criminal SociologyLittle, Brown, 1917 - 577 sider |
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Andre udgaver - Se alle
Almindelige termer og sætninger
abnormal according acts anomalies anti-social atavism biological born-criminal causes cent characteristics civil classical school Colajanni committed conclusion congenital Congress contrary convicts crim criminal anthropology criminal law criminal psychology criminal school criminal science criminal sociology criminal statistics criminal type criminalité criminelle Criminology data of criminal degeneracy delicts delinquents determined diritto penale doctrine Durkheim eclectic evolution existence fact factors of crime Ferri forms France Garofalo habitual criminals habitual delinquency hence homicide honest human idea inal increase individual influence insane Italian Italy juridical legislative less logical Lombroso method moral moral responsibility murder natural normal objection observation occasional criminals occasional delinquents organic and psychic Paris passion pathology penal justice penal law Penal Substitutes penalties phenomenon physiognomy positiva positive school positivist present prison psychology Puglia punishment reason recidivists recidivity responsibility Revue Rome scientific social defense social factors society Tarde tendency theory tion traits Turin
Populære passager
Side viii - As the science has various aspects and emphases — the anthropological, psychological, sociological, legal, statistical, economic, pathological — due regard was paid, in the selection, to a representation of all these aspects. And as the several Continental countries have contributed in different ways to these various aspects, — France, Germany, Italy, most abundantly, but the others each its share, — the effort was made also to recognize the different contributions as far as feasible. The...
Side vi - In short, the individualization of disease, in cause and in treatment, is the dominant truth of modern medical science. The same truth is now known about crime; but the understanding and the application of it are just opening upon us. The old and still dominant thought is, as to cause, that a crime is caused by the inscrutable moral free will of the human being, doing or not doing the crime, just as it pleases...
Side v - As to the treatment of disease, there were believed to be a few remedial agents of universal efficacy. Calomel and bloodletting, for example, were two of the principal ones. A larger or smaller dose of calomel, a greater or less quantity of bloodletting, — this blindly indiscriminate mode of treatment was regarded as orthodox for all common varieties of ailment. And so his calomel pill and his bloodletting lancet were carried everywhere with him by the doctor.
Side vi - It need not be asserted for one moment that crime is a disease. But it does have natural causes, — that is, circumstances which work to produce it in a given case. And as to treatment, modern science recognizes that penal or remedial treatment cannot possibly be indiscriminate and machinelike, but must be adapted to the causes, and to the man as affected by those causes.
Side 209 - Just as in a given volume of water, at a given temperature, we find a solution of a fixed quantity of any chemical substance, not an atom more or less, so in a given social environment, in certain defined physical conditions of the individual, we find the commission of a fixed number of crimes.
Side vi - It means that we must study all the possible data that can be causes of crime, — the man's heredity, the man's physical and moral make-up, his emotional temperament, the surroundings of his youth, his present home, and other conditions, — all the influencing circumstances.
Side 333 - Ferri contended that the political offenders are not criminals, but are "honest and normal men misguided by their political ideas." 2r He called them "evolutive" or "politico-social" criminals, who tend "in a more or less illusory way to hasten the future phases of politico-social life.
Side 245 - The fundamental idea of these "equivalents" was "to give to the social organism such surroundings that human activity, instead of being vainly menaced with repression, should be guided continually in an indirect manner into paths which are not criminal and that a free scope should be offered to the energies and needs of the individual, whose natural tendencies will be opposed the least possible, who will be spared as much as possible the temptations to and opportunities for crime.
Side v - For the community at large, it is important to recognize that criminal science is a larger thing than criminal law. The legal profession in particular has a duty to familiarize itself with the principles of that science, as the sole means for intelligent and systematic improvement of the criminal law. Two centuries ago, while modern medical science was still young, medical practitioners proceeded upon two general assumptions: one as to the cause of disease, the other as to its treatment. As to the...
Side xlii - The reclusion of dangerous criminals for an indeterminate time is a proposal of the positivist criminal school, since it would be as absurd to say that a murderer should remain in prison twenty years rather than fifteen or thirty as it would to say in advance that a sick person should stay in a hospital ten days rather than twenty or fifty. As the sick person is kept in the hospital just as long a time as is necessary for his cure, and as the insane patient remains in the asylum all of his life unless...