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iness. The social psychologist is interested not only in prevailing behaviour but also in variations and what becomes of them.

The multiplicity of mental variations as compared with physical, and the increasing rôle of intelligence in social relations complicates the work of the social psychologist. An understanding of the impulses and the habits that determine human behaviour will cause the intelligence to react on those impulses and habits. This will prevent the principles of social psychology having the aspect of fixity of those of natural and biological science. But the project of a science of the motives of men in social relations is not for this reason futile but rather a challenge to intellectual effort.

In the preparation of this book the author has been conscious of many co-workers, as the citations will show. In particular I am indebted to Professor Gertrude Buck of Vassar College for suggestions in connection with the chapter on literary criticism, and, for assistance in the proof reading, to Mr. and Mrs. Kendrick Shedd, Helen M. Bateman of William Smith College, and Willard Judd McKay. JAMES MICKEL WILLIAMS

Geneva, N. Y., February 21, 1922.

BOOK I

ESSENTIAL TENDENCIES OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

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