PART II.

STATESMEN AND STATE OFFICERS OF ENGLAND.

AMBASSADORS, ENVOYS EXTRAORDINARY, MINISTERS PLENIPOTENTIARY, &c. FROM GREAT BRITAIN TO FOREIGN

STATES.

After the

(From the Accession of King GEORGE III. 1760.)

year 1800, the respective dates are, in most cases, those of the Credentials.

AMBASSADORS are frequently mentioned in early history. As civilization advanced, and intercourse between nations (its consequence) became greater, they were made resident at courts, thereby to render the friendly relations of these courts with each other, the more permanent and enlarged. In England, we have four classes or degrees of ministers to foreign courts. The first class are Ambassadors; Envoys or MinistersPlenipotentiary constitute the second class; Ministers, called resident (though all are so) the third; and Chargés d'Affaires the fourth. The distinctions are usually regulated by the dignity of the individual, the importance of his mission, and the splendour of the court to which he is accredited. The Corps Diplomatique of Great Britain has furnished to her councils some of her greatest statesmen. Many of the personages who have been members of it have risen to the highest honours in reward of their eminent services to their country, not more by their consummate wisdom in conducting delicate and intricate negotiation, than by their prudence and address in removing those political asperities that sometimes occur in the great business of nations.

EUROPE.

TO THE EMPEROR OF GERMANY, AFTERWARDS OF AUSTRIA.

1763. David Murray, viscount Stormont (after- | 1807. George-Augustus, earl of Pembroke and wards earl of Mansfield), ambassador. May 7.

1772. Sir Robert-Murray Keith (afterwards Right hon.), ambassador. Aug. 14. 1790. Thomas, earl of Elgin, ambassador extraordinary, to congratulate Leopold II. on his accession to the throne.

1792. Thomas, earl of Elgin, ambassador to the emperor Francis II. Aug. 18.

Montgomery, ambassador. May 14. 1809. Benjamin Bathurst; extraordinary mission. Feb. 14.

1813.

1793. Sir Morton Eden (afterwards Right hon. 1814.
and lord Henley), envoy extraordinary
and minister plenipotentiary.

1794. George-John, earl Spencer, ambassador
extraordinary, on particular affairs.
1799. Gilbert, lord Minto, envoy extraordinary
and minister plenipotentiary. July 2.
1801. Hon. Arthur Paget (afterwards Rt. hon.
sir Arthur), envoy extraordinary and
minister plenipotentiary. Aug. 21.
1805. Charles, earl of Harrington; extraordinary
mission. Nov. 28.

1806. Robert Adair (afterwards Right hon. sir Robert), envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. May 7.

1815.

George-Hamilton Gordon, earl of Aberdeen, ambassador. July 29.

Hon. Frederick-James Lamb (afterwards sir Frederick, and lord Beauvale; succeeded as viscount Melbourne), minister plenipotentiary, ad int. Aug. 6. Charles-William, lord Stewart (afterwards succeeded as marquess of Londonderry), ambassador.

Robert, viscount Castlereagh (afterwards marquess of Londonderry), Richard, earl of Clancarty, William, earl Cathcart, and Charles-William, lord Stewart, plenipotentiaries to the congress at Vienna. Aug. 11.

Arthur, duke of Wellington, first plenipotentiary to the congress of Vienna. Jan. 18.

Hon. Robert Gordon (afterwards Right hon. sir Robert), minister plenipotentiary, ad int. March 27.

1834. Hon. William Thomas Horner FoxStrangways, minister plenipotentiary, ad int. Oct. 8.

1835.

Right hon. sir Charles Bagot; special mission. April 7.

Hon. Henry-Edward Fox, afterwards lord Holland, minister plenipotentiary, ad int. July 2.

1838. John-Ralph Milbanke, minister plenipo-
tentiary, ad int. Nov. 7.

1841.
1845. Arthur-Charles Magenis, minister plenipo-
tentiary, ad int. June 18.

Right hon. sir Robert Gordon, ambassador.
Oct. 16.

1846. John, viscount Ponsonby, ambassador.
Aug. 10.

1849. Arthur-Charles Magenis, minister plenipotentiary, ad int. May 7.

1851. John, earl of Westmorland, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. Jan. 27. The PRESENT Minister.

TO THE KING OF BAVARIA.
(See Germany, previous to 1814.)

[Diplomatic relations between England and the king of Bavaria, were established at the close of the war in 1814.]

1820. Brook Taylor (afterwards right hon. sir
Brook), envoy extraordinary and mi-
nister plenipotentiary. March 6.
David Montagu, lord Erskine, envoy ex-
traordinary and minister plenipoten-
tiary. Jan. 4.

1814. George-Henry Rose (afterwards Rt. hon. 1828.
sir George), envoy extraordinary and
minister plenipotentiary. Jan. 31.

1815. Hon. Frederick-James Lamb (afterwards 1843.
sir Frederick, and lord Beauvale; suc-
ceeded as viscount Melbourne), envoy
extraordinary and minister plenipoten-
tiary. Sept. 12.

TO THE KING OF THE

[Since the separation of Belgium from the king-
dom of the Netherlands, and the establishment
of a distinct monarchy, 1830-31.]
1830. John, viscount Ponsonby; special mission
to provisional government. Dec. 1.
1831. Rt. hon. sir Robert Adair; special mission.
Aug. 3.

1832. Col. hon. John-Hobart Caradoc (after-
wards succeeded as baron Howden);
military special mission. Nov. 15.
1835. Henry-Lytton Bulwer (afterwards Rt. hon.
sir Henry), chargé d'affaires. Dec. 3.

TO THE KING 1763. Dudley-Alexander-Sydney Cosby (afterwards lord Sydney, of Leix, in Ireland), resident. Sept. 10.

1765. William Gordon (afterwards sir William, bart.), envoy extraordinary. June 29.

John-Ralph Milbanke, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. Nov. 24. The PRESENT (1850) Minister to Bavaria.

BELGIANS.

1836. Sir George-Hamilton Seymour, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. April 4.

1845.
1846.

Thomas-Wathen Waller, chargé d'affaires.

Oct. 18. Charles-Augustus, lord Howard de Walden and Seaford, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. Dec. 10. The PRESENT (1850) Minister to Belgium. Rt. hon. sir Stratford Canning, extraordinary mission to Belgium, Germany, Greece, and Switzerland.

Robert Gunning (afterwards sir Robert), 1800.
resident. Nov. 23.

1771. Robert-Murray Keith (afterwards Rt. hon.
sir Robert), envoy extraordinary. Feb.

1803.

1804.

1805.

Charles, lord (afterwards viscount and
earl) Whitworth; extraordinary mis-
sion. Aug. 1.

Sir James Craufurd, envoy extraordinary
and minister plenipotentiary. Feb. 27.
Robert Liston (afterwards Rt. hon. sir
Robert); extraordinary mission. June 23.
Benjamin Garlike, envoy extraordinary and
minister plenipotentiary. Dec. 31.
Edward Thornton (afterwards Rt. hon. sir
Edward), minister plenipotentiary to
Denmark, the Hanse Towns, Lower
Saxony, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and
Mecklenburg-Strelitz. May 4.

extraordinary, and minister plenipo-
tentiary. Jan. 15.
Augustus-John Foster (afterwards Rt. hon.

1807. Brook Taylor (afterwards Rt. hon. sir 1818. General hon. Alexander Hope, envoy
Brook), envoy extraordinary and mi-
nister plenipotentiary, ad int. July 17.
1807. Francis-James Jackson, envoy extraor- 1814.
dinary and minister plenipotentiary, ad
int. July 24.

Anthony Merry, envoy extraordinary and 1824.
minister plenipotentiary. Oct. 3.

1812. Edward Thornton, again, envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. July 5.

TO FRANCE.

1761. Hans Stanley, afterwards Rt. hon. Hans

Stanley, chargé d'affaires.

1762. John, duke of Bedford, ambassador. Sept. 4. 1814. 1763. Francis Seymour, earl of Hertford, ambas

sador.

1765 Charles Lenox, duke of Richmond, am

bassador.

1766. William-Henry Nassau, earl of Rochford, ambassador. July 2.

1768. Simon Harcourt, earl Harcourt, ambassador.

1772. David Murray, viscount Stormont (afterwards earl of Mansfield), ambassador. Sept. 9.

1783. Francis-Godolphin Osborne, marquess of Carmarthen, ambassador. Feb. 10. George Montagu, duke of Manchester, ambassador. April 9.

John-Frederick Sackville, duke of Dorset,
ambassador.

1784. Daniel Hailes, minister plenipotentiary, ad
int. April 28.

1785. Rt. hon. William Eden (afterwards lord Auckland), envoy extraordinary, and plenipotentiary for commercial affairs. Dec. 9.

1790. George Granville, earl Gower, ambassador. June 11. Recalled Sept. 1792.

[The war interrupted the diplomatic relations between the two countries.] 1796. James, lord (afterwards earl of) Malmesbury, ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary for negotiating Oct. 13. a treaty of peace. 1797. James, lord Malmesbury, again; for negotiating a peace with the plenipotentiaries of the French republic at Lisle. June 30.

1801. Charles, marquess Cornwallis, plenipotentiary at the congress held at Amiens. Oct. 29.

Francis-James Jackson, minister pleni-
potentiary. Dec. 2.

1815.

1824.

1825.

sir Augustus), envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. May 19. Henry-Watkin-Williams Wynn (afterwards Rt. hon. sir Henry), envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. Sept. 14. The PRESENT (1850) Minister to Denmark.

ers for negotiating a peace with France.
Aug. 1.

Sir Charles Stuart (afterwards lord Stuart
de Rothesay), envoy extraordinary and
minister plenipotentiary, ad int. June 4.
Rt. hon. Charles Bagot (afterwards sir
minister
Charles),
plenipotentiary.
July 11.

Arthur, duke of Wellington, ambassador.
Aug. 8.

Lord Fitzroy-James-Henry Somerset, mi-
nister plenipotentiary. Jan. 18.

Sir Charles Stuart, again; ambassador, ad int. March 26.

Granville, viscount (afterwards earl) Gran

ville; special mission, to congratulate Charles X. on his accession to the throne. Oct. 7.

Hon. Algernon Percy, minister plenipotentiary, ad int. Oct. 12.

Granville, viscount Granville, again, ambassador. Nov. 3.

Hugh, duke of Northumberland; special embassy; coronation of the king (Charles X.). April 30.

1828. Lord Stuart de Rothesay, ambassador. July 1.

1830. Viscount Granville, again; ambassador. Dec. 8.

1832. Hamilton-Charles-James Hamilton, minister plenipotentiary, ad int. March 23. 1833. Arthur Aston (afterwards sir Arthur), minister plenipotentiary, ad int. April 19. 1835. Henry, lord Cowley, ambassador. March 13. Granville, earl (late viscount) Granville, ambassador. March 29.

1802. Anthony Merry, minister plenipotentiary. April 1.

1845.

Charles, lord (afterwards viscount and
earl) Whitworth, ambassador. Sept. 10.
Left Paris, May 19, 1803.

1846.

Lord William Hervey, minister plenipo-
tentiary, ad int. July 29.
Constantine-Henry, marquess of Nor-
manby, ambassador. Aug. 12.

1848.

[The war with Napoleon again interrupted
the diplomatic relations between the
two countries.]

1849.

1806. Francis Seymour, earl of Yarmouth, and James, earl of Lauderdale, commission

Marquess of Normanby, continued; special
and temporary mission to the French
National Assembly. Aug. 16.
Marquess of Normanby, continued, am-
bassador. Jan. 31. The PRESENT (1850)
Ambassador to France.

1764. William Gordon (afterwards sir William), minister plenipotentiary at Ratisbon. April 3.

To GERMANY. 1763. Philip Stanhope, envoy extraordinary to the diet of the empire. March 22. James Porter (afterwards sir James), minister plenipotentiary to the emperor 1765. of Germany's court at Brussels. May 7.

The same, now minister plenipotentiary at
Brussels. Nov. 23.

1765. Fulke Greville, envoy extraordinary to
the elector of Bavaria, and minister
plenipotentiary to the diet of Ratisbon. 1817.
Nov. 23.

1769. Lewis de Visme, minister plenipotentiary
to the elector of Bavaria and diet of
Ratisbon.
1773. Hugh Elliot, minister plenipotentiary to
the elector of Bavaria, and minister to
the diet of Ratisbon. Dec. 24.
1776. Morton Eden (afterwards Rt. hon. sir
Morton, and lord Henley), to the same.
Oct. 31.

1777. Alleyne Fitzherbert (afterwards lord St.
Helens), minister at Brussels. March 4.
1779. Richard Oakes, minister to the diet of
Ratisbon.

TO THE KING OF GREECE.

[Greece became a kingdom, Oct. 5, 1832; and | 1847. Rt. hon. sir Stratford Canning, extraordiOtho, of Bavaria, ascended the throne, as first king, Jan. 25, in the following year.]

1833. Edward-James Dawkins, minister pleni- 1849.

potentiary. Jan. 1.

1835. Sir Edmund Lyons, minister plenipoten

tiary. July 2.

nary mission to Greece, Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland.

Rt. hon. Thomas Wyse, minister plenipotentiary. Feb. 14. The PRESENT (1850) Minister to Greece.

HANOVER.

Hon. John-Duncan Bligh, envoy extra-
ordinary and minister plenipotentiary.
May 2.
The PRESENT (1850) Minister
to Hanover.

TO THE HANSE TOWNS.

1805.

1813.

1815.

1836. Henry Canning, chargé d'affaires to the Hanse Towns and to Lower Saxony. Nov. 29.

Saxony. July 28. 1803. Sir George-Berriman Rumbold, bart.1, resident. Seized by the French government, and conveyed to Paris, Oct. 25, 1841. 1804 restored to liberty, and arrived in London, Nov. 18, following.

Colonel Lloyd Hodges, chargé d'affaires. July 31. The PRESENT (1850) Minister to the Hanse Towns, &c.

TO THE NETHERLANDS.

Hon. Joseph Yorke (afterwards rt. hon. sir | 1802. Robert Liston (afterwards Rt. hon. sir Ro-
Joseph), envoy extraordinary and ple-
nipotentiary.

1784. Sir James Harris (afterwards lord and earl

of Malmesbury), envoy extraordinary and plenipotentiary to the states-general of the United Provinces. July 3. 1788. The same, ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to the states general, &c. Feb. 8.

1789. Rt. hon. Alleyne Fitzherbert (afterwards lord St. Helens), envoy extraordinary and plenipotentiary to the states general, &c. May 16.

-

William Eden, lord Auckland, ambassador to the states general, &c. Nov. 28. 1790. Lord Henry-John Spencer, minister pleuipotentiary, ad int., to their high mightinesses. April 7.

1793. Hon. William Eliot (afterwards lord Eliot and earl of St. Germans), minister plenipotentiary, ad int.

1794. Alleyne, lord St. Helens, envoy extraordinary and plenipotentiary.

1 Sir George Rumbold's house, near Altona, was surrounded by a company of eighty soldiers (part of a detachment of 250) at one o'clock in the morning; the doors were forced open, and his person and papers seized. On the instant, he was hurried into a carriage, taken to the banks of the Elbe, and thence conveyed to Harbourg, and to Hanover, and subsequently by land, escorted by a squadron of dragoons, to Paris, where, immediately on his arrival, he was lodged in the Temple. The British government appealed in strong terms to the corps diplomatique against this outrage, and the different sovereigns of Europe were invoked to resent it. However, after an examination of his papers (in which nothing was found to implicate him in a supposed conspiracy), and an imprisonment of three days, he was released, and removed, still strongly guarded, first to Boulogne, and then to Cherbourg. At this latter place he was embarked for England in a fishing-smack, which, meeting in the channel the British frigate Niobe, she received him on board, and landed him at Portsmouth. This affair produced a great sensation at every court.