SAXE-ALTENBURG (LATE HILDBOURGHAUSEN). 1675. Ernest, the sixth son of Ernest I. of Gotha. of Nov. 12, 1826, became the duchy of Saxe-Altenburg. Joseph-George-Frederick; succeeded his father, Sept. 29. 1848. George-Charles-Frederick, second son of Duke Frederick, succeeded on his elder brother's abdication, Nov. 30. The PRESENT (1850) Duke. The DUKE. George-Charles-Frederick, born July 24, 1796; married, Oct. 7, 1825, Mary-LouisaFrederique-Elizabeth (born March 31, 1803), daughter of the duke Frederick-Louis, hereditary prince of Mecklenburg-Schwerin; and has issue: 1. Ernest-Frederick-Paul-George, hereditary prince; born Sept. 16, 1826. 2. Maurice-Francis-Frederick, born Oct. 24, 1829. SAXE-COBURG AND GOTHA (LATE SAXE-COBURG Saalfeld). 1675. John-Ernest, 7th son of Ernest I. of Gotha. | 1826. [Became, by the convention of Nov. 12, 1729. Christian-Ernest, son of the preceding. 1826, duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, as Ernest I. Died 1844.] Ernest II., succeeded his father, the late duke, Jan. 29, 1844. The PRESENT (1850) Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. The DUKE. Ernest-Augustus-Charles-John-Leopold, born June 21, 1818; married, May 3, 1842, Alexandrina-Louisa-Amelia (born Dec. 6, 1820), daughter of Leopold, grand-duke of Baden. His BROTHER. Francis-Albert-Augustus-Charles-Emmanuel, born Aug. 26, 1819; married, Feb. 10, 1840, to VICTORIA-Alexandrina, queen of Great Britain. UNCLES and AUNTS: 1. Duchess Juliana-Henrietta-Ulrica, born Sept. 23, 1781; married (Feb. 26, 1796) to the grand-duke Constantine of Russia, from whom she was separated April 1, 1820. The duke died June 27, 1831. 2. Duke Ferdinand-George-Augustus, born March 28, 1785; married, Jan. 2, 1816, MaryAntoinette, daughter of Francis-Joseph, prince of Kohary, by whom he has issue: I. Prince Ferdinand-Augustus-Francis-Anthony, born Oct. 29, 1816; married, April 9, 1836, donna Maria II., queen of Portugal. II. Prince Augustus-Louis-Victor, born June 13, 1818; married, April 20, 1843, the princess Mary-Clementine-Caroline, daughter of Louis-Philippe, of France. III. Princess Victoria-Augusta-Antoinette, born Feb. 14, 1822; married, April 27, 1840, prince Louis-Charles-Philip, duke of Nemours. IV. Prince Leopold-Francis-Julius, born Jan. 31, 1824. 3. Victoria-Mary-Louisa, born Aug. 17, 1786; married, 1st, on Dec. 21, 1803, Emich-Charles, prince of Leiningen, who died July 4, 1814; and, 2nd, on May 29, 1818, Edward, duke of Kent, who died Jan. 23, 1820: issue, Queen VICTORIA, of Great Britain. 4. Leopold-George-Frederick, born Dec. 16, 1790; King of the Belgians. BAVARIA. THIS country is part of the ancient Noricum and Rhaetia Vindelicia, called also Boiaria, from the Boii, a people of ancient Gaul, who settled in Bohemia nearly six hundred years before the Christian era, and were driven hither by the Marcomanni in the reign of Augustus. After undergoing various revolutions, Bavaria became a duchy in the 9th century, and the title of duke was possessed by its rulers until 1623, when Maximilian I. was invested with the electoral dignity by the emperor Ferdinand II. In 1805 Napoleon raised Bavaria to the rank of a kingdom; and on Jan. 1, 1806, Maximilian Joseph was proclaimed king at Munich in presence of the French emperor. DUKES. 895. Leopold. DUKES, ELECTORS, AND KINGS. 937. Eberhard. 939. Berthold. 942. Henry, called the Quarreller. 995. Henry III., the Holy and the Lame; 1438. Albert, surnamed the Pious. 1460. John II., and Sigismund. 1465. Albert II. The KING. Maximilian-Joseph II., born Nov. 28, 1811; married, Oct. 12, 1842, Frederica-FrancesAugusta-Mary, princess-royal of Prussia (born Oct. 15, 1825), daughter of William, prince of Prussia, uncle to the king; and has issue: 1. Louis-Frederick-William, prince-roval, born Aug. 25, 1845. 2. Otho-William-Leopold, born April 27, 1848. The LATE KING. Louis-Charles-Augustus, born August 25, 1786; married, Oct. 12, 1810, TheresaCharlotte-Louisa (born July 8, 1792), daughter of Frederick, duke of Saxe-Altenburg. BROTHERS and SISTER of the present KING: 1. Matilda-Caroline, born Aug. 30, 1813; married to Louis, grand-duke of Hesse-Darmstadt. 2. Otho-Frederick-Louis, born June 1, 1815, present king of Greece. 3. Leopold-Charles, born March 12, 1821; married Augusta-Louisa-Mary, daughter of Leopold II., grand-duke of Tuscany, and has issue two sons, born in 1845 and 1846. 4. Adelgonda-Augusta-Charlotte, born March 19, 1823; married, March 30, 1842, to Francis, duke of Modena. 5. Hildegarde-Louisa-Charlotte, born June 10, 1825; married, May 1, 1844, to the archduke Albert, of Austria. 6. Alexandrina-Amelia, born Aug. 26, 1826. 7. Albert-William-George-Louis, born July 19, 1828. COUNTS PALATINE OF THE RHINE. 1156. Conrad, of Suabia; first elector. 1196, Henry, of Saxe. 1227. Otho, surnamed the Illustrious, elector of Bavaria in 1231. 1253. Louis II., called the Severe; elector of Bavaria, and elector palatine. 1294. Rodolphus I., le Begue. 1319. Adolphus, surnamed the Simple. 1327. Rodolphus II., the Blind. 1353. Rupert, surnamed the Red. 1390. Rupert II., le Petit. 1398. Rupert III.; elected emperor in 1400. 1410. Louis III. Barbatus, or Longbeard. 1436. Louis IV. 1449. Frederick I., surnamed the Victorious. 1476. Philip the Ingenuous or Sincere. 1508. Louis V., the Pacific: refused the imperial crown, succeeded by 1544. Frederick II, the Wise. 1556. Otho-Henry. 1559. Erederick III., the Pious. 1576. Louis VI., the Easy. This unfortunate prince, afterwards chosen king of Bohemia, was mercilessly dealt with by the emperor; he was dethroned and stript of his hereditary dominions, and in this condition was scantily aided by James I. of England, whose daughter Elizabeth he had married: died in 1632. 1648. Charles-Louis, his son: by the treaty of 1743. Charles-Theodore; who, in 1777, succeeded WURTEMBERG. THE foundation of this new kingdom was the old duchy of Wurtemberg. In the late memorable war the territories of the duchy were considerably augmented by the French emperor Napoleon (chiefly at the expense of Austria) at different times up to 1805, in which year (Dec.) he erected Wurtemberg into a kingdom; a rank confirmed to it by the provisions of the peace of Presburg. The elector Frederick II. was proclaimed king, Jan. 1, 1806. The KING. William I. Frederick-Charles, born Sept. 27, 1781; married, Jan. 24, 1816, CatharinePaulowna, daughter of the late emperor Paul of Russia, and widow of the duke of Oldenburg; she died Jan. 9, 1819, and he married, 2nd, April 15, 1820, Paulina-Theresa, daughter of the duke of Wurtemberg, uncle to the king; and has issue: 1. Mary-Frederica-Charlotte, born Oct. 30, 1816; married, March 19, 1840, to the count Alfred of Neipperg. 2. Sophia-Frederica, born June 17, 1818; married, June 18, 1839, to the prince-royal (now king) of the Netherlands. 3. Catharine-Frederica-Charlotte, born Aug. 24, 1821; married, Nov. 1845, to the prince Frederick, of Wurtemberg. 4. Charles-Frederick-Alexander, prince-royal, born March 6, 1823; married, July 13, 1846, the grand-duchess Olga, daughter of the emperor of Russia. 5. Augusta-Wilhelinina-Henrietta, born Oct. 4, 1826. BRUNSWICK'.- HANOVER. THE illustrious and ancient house of Brunswick owes its origin to Azo IV. of the family of Esté, son of Hugo III., marquess of Ferrara, in Italy. Azo, who died in 1055, left by his consort Cunegonde, daughter and heiress of Guelph, duke of Bavaria, a son, who was great-grandfather of Henry, surnamed the Lion. This prince married Maud, eldest daughter of Henry II. of England, and is always looked upon as the ancestor of our present royal family. The dominions possessed by Henry the Lion were very extensive; but he having refused to assist Frederick Barbarossa in a war against pope Alexander III., that emperor's resentment was drawn upon him, and in the diet of Wurtzburg, in 1180, he was proscribed. The duchy of Bavaria was given to Otho, count Wittelsbach, from whom is descended the present royal family of Bavaria; the duchy of Saxony was conferred upon Bernard Ascanius, founder of the house of Anhalt; and his other possessions were disposed of to different princes. Thus despoiled, Henry retired to England; but ultimately, after much We are indebted to an accomplished German scholar, the Baron von Andlau, for the precise genealogy of the princes of Germany. This gifted gentleman's research has enabled us to correct this, and many of the succeeding German lists. Baron Andlau was many years equerry to his serene highness duke Charles of Brunswick. He was present at the battle of Quatre Bras, June 16, 1815, and saw duke Frederick-William, his beloved sovereign, fall, valiantly fighting, at the head of his brave Brunswickers, for Great Britain. — EDITOR. intercession, Brunswick and Luneburg were restored to him. He left three sons. The two elder having no male issue, William, the third son, carried on the line of his family, and from him all the succeeding dukes of Brunswick and Luneburg have descended, Hanover was erected into a kingdom in 1814. DUKE OF BRUNSWICK. Ernest, who divided the family into two branches, Wolfenbuttel and Zell, died in 1546. He had three sons. Otho died without issue, and was succeeded by his brother Henry, who carried on the elder branch, and is ancestor to the reigning duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel. DUKES, ELECTORS, AND KINGS OF HANOVER. 1665. John, second son of prince Christian Lewis, KINGS OF HANOVER. duke of Brunswick-Zell, became duke of 1814. George-William-Frederick (the preceding 1679. Ernest-Augustus: created elector of Hanover in 1692. 2. The KING. Ernest-Augustus, duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, in Great Britain; born June 5, 1771; married, May 29, 1815, Frederica-Louisa-Caroline-Sophia (born March 2, 1778), daughter of Charles, grand-duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, widow of Louis, prince of Prussia (who died Dec. 28, 1796), and of Frederick-William, prince of Solms-Braunfels, who died April 13, 1814. The Queen died June 29, 1841. Issue: 1. George-Frederick-Alexander, prince-royal; born May 27, 1819; married, Feb. 18, 1843, I. Ernest-Augustus-William-Adolphus, born Sept. 21, 1845. SENIOR BRANCH of the Brunswick-Luneburg-WolfenBUTTEL LINE. IN 1634 expired, in the person of Frederick-Ulrick, born in 1591, the last representative of the house of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel; and the succession lapsed to the duke of Brunswick-Danneberg, Julius-Ernest, who relinquished his right in favour of his younger brother, Augustus, who became duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel. 1 This is the princess Sophia, to whose descendants (being Protestants) the crown of England was limited by the act of settlement, 1701. She was born Oct. 13, 1630, and had issue by the above marriage six sons and one daughter: namely, GEORGE-LEWIS, afterwards George I Frederick-Augustus, born 1661; slain in battle against the Turks 1690; unmarried. Maximilian-William, born in 1666; died unmarried in 1726. Charles-Philip, born in 1669; slain in battle, 1699. Christian, born in 1671; drowned in the Danube, 1703; unmarried. ErnestAugustus, bishop of Osnaburg, born 1674 created, 1716, duke of York and Albany and earl of Ulster; died unmarried, 1728. Sophia-Charlotte, born 1668; married to Frederick-William, elector of Brandenburg. The princess Sophia died June 8, 1714, in her 84th year. "The greatness of her soul," say her biographers," tempered with sweetness and affability, bore proportion to her birth and the station which she filled, as a daughter of England, and as a mother of Germany.' 1634. Augustus: he left three sons, RodolphusAugustus, Anthony-Ulrick, and Ferdinand-Albert; the two first succeeded; the third was the founder of the Bevern line. 1666. Rodolphus-Augustus; who associated his next brother, Anthony-Ulrick, in the government, from 1685: died, 1704. 1704. Anthony-Ulrick, brother of the preceding; 1735. Charles; who transferred the ducal resi- 1815. now ruled alone; erected Blankenburg 1806. into a principality in 1707; became a Roman Catholic in 1710; died in 1714. 1714. Augustus-William, his son: died without issue 1731; succeeded by his brother, 1731. Ludowick-Rodolphus (prince of Blankenburg from his father's death in 1714): died without male issue in 1735. [This prince left three daughters, who were married, Elizabeth-Christine to the emperor Charles VI.; Christina to the grand-duke Alexius of Russia; and Antonie-Amelia to the duke of Bevern.] 1735. Ferdinand-Albrecht: died same year; succeeded by his son, 1830. Carl (Charles-Frederick-William-Augus- Duke of Brunswick: unmarried. HESSE. THERE are few families in Germany more noble by their alliances than the houses of Hesse, and they give place to none for the heroes and statesmen they have produced. All the Hessian branches proceed from Philip the Generous, who at the death of his father, William II., in 1509, inherited the entire principality of Hesse. Philip the Generous was a zealous promoter of Protestantism, and declared himself in favour of Luther's doctrines in 1524. In 1527, he founded the university of Marburg. Dying in 1567, he left four sons, who divided the territory, so that four lines originated. Of the two principal branches, the eldest son, William IV., became the founder of that of Hesse-Cassel; and George, the youngest son, became the founder of the branch of Hesse-Darmstadt. 1 "Prend les rènes du gouvernement (d'abord provisoirement du consentement de son frère, plus tard avec l'adhésion de son oncle, le feu Roy Guillaume IV. de la Grand Bretagne, et sur la demande de la Diete Germanique) définitivement 25 Avril 1831, en suite des arrangements réglés par les agnats du Duc Charles.” — Almanach de Gotha. 2 The landgrave Frederick, brother of William I., elector, was the father of the princess Augusta-WilhelminaLouisa, the now duchess of Cambridge. Her royal highness was born July 25, 1797, and was married to Adolphus-Frederick, duke of Cambridge, at Hesse-Cassel, May 7, and again in London, June 1, 1818. The duke of Cambridge died July 8, 1850. E |