Sir William Gossett, K. C. B., K. C. H.: died, owing Philip Ray: died Oct. 1847.

Thomas Staunton St. Clair, K. H.: died Oct. 1847. Thomas Cunningham: died Feb. 1847.

CHIEF BATTLES AND ACTIONS.

REFERRED TO IN THE PRECEDING ROLLS.

(Fought within the last half century.)

Assault and capture of St. Sebastian, Aug. and Sobraon, India, Feb. 10, 1846.

PART IV.

ARCHBISHOPS AND BISHOPS OF ENGLAND.

THE ecclesiastical government of England is divided into two provinces, Canterbury and York. Canterbury hath the following twenty suffragan bishoprics appertaining

to it:

To the province of York belong the following six suffragan bishoprics:

Carlisle.
Chester.

Durham.
Manchester.

Ripon.

Sodor and Man.

*The bishop of Sodor and Man is not a peer of parliament; but the present bishop of that see, the earl of Auckland, in right of his earldom, has his seat in the house of lords.

By the act 10th and 11th Victoria, cap. 108. (passed 23rd July 1847), by which the see of Manchester was erected, it was declared, that the bishop of that see should then have no seat in parliament, with a view to not increasing the number of spiritual peers.1 By this act, the junior, or last appointed bishop, is to have no seat, until called to the house of lords by writ of summons, which is issued to him on the avoidance of another see and creation of a new bishop, who then, of course, becomes, in his turn, the junior bishop. The archiepiscopal sees of Canterbury and York, and the three sees of London, Durham, and Winchester, are exempted from the operation of this act.

ARCHBISHOPRIC OF CANTERBURY.

THIS see was settled by Austin, or Augustin, a monk, who first preached the gospel in England; and, converting Ethelbert, king of Kent, that king, animated with great zeal for his new religion, bestowed many favours upon Austin, who in consequence fixed his residence in the capital of Ethelbert's dominions. The church was made a cathedral, repaired, consecrated, and dedicated to Christ, which dedication it still retains, although, for a considerable space of time, it was better known as St. Thomas's from Thomas à Becket, who was murdered in it. The present fabric was begun by archbishop Lanfranc and William Corbois, and greatly augmented by several of their successors. During the great rebellion, it suffered much, the usurper Cromwell having made a stable of it for his dragoons. After the Restoration, it was repaired, and made what it now appears.

The diocese comprises the county of Kent, except the city and deanery of Rochester and some parishes in London. It included, until recently, a number of parishes in other dioceses: these were called Peculiars, it having been an ancient privilege of this see, that, wheresoever the archbishops had either manors or advowsons, the place was exempted from the jurisdiction of the ordinary of the diocese wherein it was situated, and was deemed in the diocese of Canterbury. Abolished from 1st January 1846. The archbishop is accounted Primate and Metropolitan of all England, and is the

The first and present bishop of Manchester, Dr. James Prince Lee, was called to the house of lords by writ of summons, in Feb. 1848.

first peer in the realm; having the precedence of all dukes not of the blood-royal, and all the great officers of state. He is styled His Grace, and he writes himself Divina Providentia; whereas other bishops style themselves Divina Permissione. At coronations, he places the crown on the king's head'; and, wherever the court may be, the king and queen are the proper domestic parishioners of the archbishop. The bishop of London is accounted his provincial dean, the bishop of Winchester his sub-dean, the bishop of Lincoln his chancellor, and the bishop of Rochester his chaplain.

Canterbury has yielded to the Church eighteen saints; to the Church of Rome nine cardinals; and to the civil state of England twelve lord chancellors, four lord treasurers, and one lord chief justice. The see is valued in the king's books at 28167. 17s. 9±d.

596. Augustin, or Austin.

611. St. Lawrence.

ARCHBISHOPS OF CANTERBURY.

1114. Ralph, or Rodolphus; translated from Rochester.

1122. William Corbois, or Corbyl, prior of St. Osyth, in Essex; obtained this see from the king.

[The see vacant 2 years.]

1138. Theobald, abbot of Becco.
[The see vacant 2 years.]

1162. St. Thomas à Becket,

archdeacon of Canterbury, provost of Beverley, and lord chancellor: murdered Dec. 28, 1170. 1171. Richard, prior of Dover. 1184. Baldwin; translated from Worcester. He followed Richard I. to the Holy Land, and died at the siege of Ptolemais. Reginald Fitz-Joceline; translated from Wells: died same year.

1191.

At the coronation of king William and queen Mary, the bishop of London put the crown on the king's head, as Dr. Sancroft would not take the oaths to their majesties.

1313. Walter Reynolds; translated from Wor- | 1486. Thomas Langton, bishop of Winchester, cester; lord chancellor, and lord treachosen; but he died Jan. 27, 1501, five days after.

surer.

1327. Simon Mapham, prebendary of Chichester.
1333. John de Stratford; translated from Win-
chester; lord chancellor.

1348. John de Ufford, dean of Lincoln, lord
chancellor: died before consecration.
1349. Thomas Bredewardin, chancellor of Lon-
don died two months after.
Simon Islip, prebendary of St. Paul's,
secretary to the king, and keeper of the
privy seal.

William Edington, or Edendon, bishop of Winchester, elected; but refused the dignity.

1366. Simon Langham; translated from Ely; made a cardinal and resigned this see. 1369. William Whittlesey, or Wittlesey; translated from Worcester.

1375. Simon de Sudbury, alias Tibold; translated from London; lord chancellor: beheaded by the rebels under Wat Tyler, June 14, 1381.

1381. William Courtenay; translated from Lon

don.

1396. Thomas Fitz-Alan (son of the earl of Arundel); translated from York; lord chancellor.

[This prelate was charged with high treason, in 1398, and fled the kingdom, and Roger Walden, dean of York, was consecrated; but Fitz-Alan was afterwards restored by Henry IV.] 1414. Henry Chicheley; translated from St. David's.

1443. John Stafford; translated from Bath and
Wells; cardinal, lord chancellor, and lord
treasurer.

1152. John Kemp; translated from York; car-
dinal, and lord chancellor.
1454. Thomas Bourchier; translated from Ely;
cardinal, and lord chancellor.
1486. John Morton; translated from Ely; car-
dinal, and lord chancellor.

1501. Henry Dene, or Deane; translated from Salisbury.

1504. William Warham; translated from London; lord chancellor.

1604. Richard Bancroft; translated from London. 1611. George Abbot; translated from London. 1633. William Laud; translated from London: beheaded on Tower Hill, Jan. 10, 1644.

[The see vacant 16 years.]

1660. William Juxon; translated from London.
1663. Gilbert Sheldon; translated from London.
1678. William Sancroft, dean of St. Paul's; de-
prived Feb. 1, 1691, for not taking the
oaths to William III. and Mary: died
Nov. 1693.

1691. John Tillotson, dean of St. Paul's.
1694. Thomas Tenison; translated from Lincoln.
1716. William Wake; translated from Lincoln.
1737. John Potter; translated from Oxford.
1747. Thomas Herring; translated from York.
1757. Matthew Hutton; translated from York:
died the next year.

1758. Thomas Secker; translated from Oxford.
1768. Hon. Frederick Cornwallis; translated
from Lichfield and Coventry.
1783. John Moore; translated from Bangor.
1805. Charles Manners Sutton; translated from
Norwich died July 21, 1828.
1828. William Howley; translated from London:
died Feb. 11, 1848.

1848. John Bird Sumner; translated from Ches-
ter. The PRESENT Archbishop of Can-
terbury and Primate of all England.

BISHOPRIC OF BANGOR.1

THIS see is of very great antiquity: the founder is unknown. The church is dedicated to St. Daniel, who was bishop here about the year 516; but, for near five hundred years afterwards, there is no certain record of the names of his successors. Owen Glendower greatly defaced the cathedral, which bishop Dean repaired. The see met with a still more cruel ravager than Glendower, in the person of bishop Bulkeley, who not only alienated many of the lands belonging to it, but even sold the bells of the church. The diocese comprises the shire of Anglesey, and part of the shires of Carnarvon, Denbigh, Mericneth, and Montgomery. The see is valued in the king's books at 1311. 16s. 4d.

516. St. Daniel.

BISHOPS OF BANGOR.

1107. Hervey, or Hervæus; translated to Ely. 1109. Urban, also bishop of Llandaff.

In the First General Report of the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England, the union of the sees of Bangor and St. Asaph, was recommended to her Majesty, to take place on the avoidance of the sees, or on the avoidance of either, with the consent of the other bishop; and to this end, an order in council was gazetted 25th Jan. 1839; but public opinion and feeling subsequently set in so strongly (particularly in Wales) against this union, that the order was, in effect, annulled by the act 10th and 11th of Victoria, cap. 108, passed July 23, 1847, and the two sees still subsist separately.

[See vacant 3 years.]

1555. William Glynn, master of Queen's College, Cambridge.

1559. Rowland Merrick, chancellor and residentiary of St. David's.

1566. Nicholas Robinson.

1585. Hugh Bellot; translated to Chester.
1595. Richard Vaughan, archdeacon of Middle-
sex; translated to Chester.

1598. Henry Rowlands.

1616. Lewis Bayley, author of the Practice of
Piety.

1631. David Dolben, vicar of Hackney.
1633. Edmund Griffith, dean of Bangor.

1637. William Roberts, sub-dean of Wells.
1666. Robert Morgan, archdeacon of Merioneth.
1673. Humphrey Lloyd, dean of St. Asaph.
1689. Humphrey Humphreys, dean of Bangor;
translated to Hereford.

1701. John Evans; translated to Meath, in Ire-
land.

1715. Benjamin Hoadley, rector of St. Peter's-
le-Poor, London; translated to Here-
ford.
Richard Reynolds, dean of Peterborough;
translated to Lincoln.

1721.

1723. William Baker, warden of Wadham College, Oxford; translated to Norwich.

1728. Thomas Sherlock, dean of Chichester; translated to Salisbury.

1734. Charles Cecil; translated from Bristol. 1737. Thomas Herring, dean of Rochester;

translated to York.

1743. Matthew Hutton; translated to York.
1748. Zachariah Pearce, dean of Winchester;
translated to Rochester.

1756. John Egerton, dean of Hereford; trans-
1769. John Ewer; translated from Llandaff.
lated to Lichfield and Coventry.
1774. John Moore, dean of Canterbury; trans-
lated to Canterbury.

1783. John Warren; translated from St. David's.
1860. William Cleaver; translated from Chester;
translated to St. Asaph.

1806. John Randolph; translated from Oxford
(Dec. 13); translated to London.
Henry-William Majendie; translated from

1809.

1830.

Chester: died in 1830.

Christopher Bethell (Oct. 10); translated from Exeter. The PRESENT Lord Bishop of Bangor.

BISHOPRIC OF BATH AND WELLS.

THIS diocese, although it has a double name, is but one bishopric. The church was built at Wells, by Ina, king of the West Saxons in 704, and by him dedicated to St. Andrew. Several others of the West Saxon kings endowed it, and it was erected into a bishopric in 905, during the reign of Edward the Elder. The present church was begun by Robert, the eighteenth bishop of the see, and completed by his immediate successor. John de Villula, the sixteenth bishop, having purchased the city of Bath for 500 merks of Hen. I., transferred his seat to that city in 1088. From this, disputes arose between the monks of Bath, and the canons of Wells, about the election of a bishop; but they were at length compromised by Robert, the eighteenth bishop, who decreed, that thenceforward the bishop should be styled from both places, and that the precedency should be given to Bath; that, in the vacancy of the see, the bishop should be elected