1414. Richard Norton. June 26. 1423. William Babington, from the exchequer. May 5. 1427. John Ïvyn, from the exchequer. Feb. 9. 1439, John Cottesmore. Jan. 20. 1440. Richard Newton. March 27. 1449. John Prysot. Jan. 16. 1462. Robert Danby. May 11. Richard Choke. Sept. 5. 1471. Sir Robert Danby, knt., again. 1472. Thomas Bryan, May 29. 1501. Thomas Wood. Oct. 28. 1503. Thomas Frowyk. June 9. 1507. Sir Robert Read, knt. April 26. 1519. John Ernley. Jan. 27. 1521. Robert Brudnel. April 13. 1533. Robert de Norwich. Nov. 22. 1536. Sir John Baldwin, knt. 1546. Sir Edward Montague, knt. 1553. Sir Richard Morgan, knt. Sept. 5. 1554. Sir Robert Brooke or Broke, knt. Oct. 28. 1558. Sir Anthony Browne, knt. Oct. 5. 1559. Sir James Dyer, knt., from the king's bench. Jan. 22. 1582. Sir Edmund Anderson, knt. May 2. 1605. Sir Francis Gawdy, from the king's bench. Aug. 26. 1606. Sir Edward Coke 1, knt. June 20: afterwards to the king's bench. 1613. Sir Henry Hobart, bart. Oct. 26. 1626. Sir Thomas Richardson, knt. Nov. 28: afterwards to the king's bench. 1631. Sir Robert Heath, knt. Oct. 27 discharged Sept. 1634. He afterwards went to the king's bench, whence he was removed by a vote of the parliament. 1634. Sir John Finch, knt. Oct. 16; afterwards lord keeper: fled beyond the sea. Dugdale. 1639. Sir Edward Lyttleton. Jan. 27 : afterwards lord Lyttleton, and lord keeper. 1640. Sir John Bankes, knt. Jan. 29: died Dec. 1644.- Peck's Desid. Curios. [The chief justiceship was not filled up until the end of the reign. - Woolrych.] 1648. Oliver St. John, esq. Oct. 12.-Whitelocke. 1660. Sir Orlando Bridgman (previously chief baron). Oct. 24: afterwards lord keeper. 1668. Sir John Vaughan, knt. May 23. 1675. Sir Francis North, knt. Jan. 23: made lord keeper, and created lord Guildford. 1683. Sir Francis Pemberton. Jan. 22: from the king's bench: removed hence Sept. same year. Sir Thomas Jones (one of the justices). 1686. Sir Henry Bedingfield. April 21 died the next year. 1714. Sir Peter King. Oct. 27: afterwards lord King, and lord chancellor. 1725. Sir Robert Eyre. June 1: he was previously a justice of the king's bench, and chief baron of the exchequer. Bunbury's Reports. 1736. Sir Thomas Reeve, one of the justices. Jan 26: died Jan. 13, 1737.- Bunbury. 1737. Sir John Willes. Jan. 28: afterwards a commissioner of the great seal. 1761. Sir Charles Pratt, knt. Nov. 7: afterwards lord Camden, and lord chancellor. 1766. Sir John Eardley Wilmot (from the king's bench). Aug. 21: resigned 1771. 1771. Sir William De Grey: Jan. 26: resigned June 1780, and created lord Walsingham, Oct. following. 1780. Alexander Wedderburne. June 14; created lord Loughborough same time; lord chancellor Jan. 1792; and earl of Rosslyn April, 1801. 1793. Sir James Eyre, knt. (previously a baron and chief baron of the exchequer). Feb. 11: died July 1799. 1799. Sir John Scott (attorney-general). July 18: created lord Eldon; afterwards lord chancellor, and earl of Eldon. 1801. Sir Richard Pepper Arden (master of the rolls). May 22; created lord Alvanley: died March, 1804. 1804. 1814. Sir Vicary Gibbs, knt. (previously one of the justices, and chief baron of the exchequer). Feb. 24: resigned Oct. 1818. Sir James Mansfield, knt. April 21: surrendered Feb. 1814. 1818. Sir Robert Dallas (one of the justices). 1824. Sir Robert Gifford. Jan. 9: created lord Nov. 5 resigned Nov. 1823. Gifford Jan. 30: made master of the rolls April same year. 1829. 1846. 1850. Sir William Draper Best (from the king's bench). April 15: resigned June, 1829, and created lord Wynford. Sir Nicolas Conyngham Tindal. June 9. (solicitor-general): died July, 1846. Sir Thomas Wilde (attorney - general), chief justice, July 11. Made lord high chancellor, and created lord Truro, July 15, 1850. Sir John Jervis (attorney-general). July 16. The PRESENT Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. 1 This great man's learning as a lawyer and wisdom as a judge have been universally recognized: his writings are among our Text-books. Attached to the law, whose very spirit is freedom, Coke was, during the course of his judicial career, brought frequently into collision with his master. James I., whose selfish love of prerogative induced him to transgress, as well the dictates of prudence, as the principies of the constitution. He declaimed with great spirit against the court measures, and ascribed to Buckingham all the calamities of the nation. He was discharged from his office of chief justice of the king's bench in 1616, and never recovered the favour of James again. Illust. of Judges. PUISNE JUSTICES OF THE COMMON PLEAS. 1234. Robert de Bello Campo, or Beauchamp. Reginald de Moyun, or Mohun. Robert de Rockele. 1235. Adam, son of William. John de Kirkeby. 1236. William de Culeworth. 1310. John de Benstede. William de Burne. 1313. John Bacon, or Bacoun. 1315. William Inge. 1316. Gilbert de Roubury. John de Mutford. 1238. Hugh Giffard, constable of the Tower of 1319. John de Doncaster. 1267. John le Breton, afterwards bishop of 1343. William de Thorp. 1409. Robert Thirwit. 1416. William Lodington. John Preston. William Cheyne. Roger Horton. 1550. Sir Edward Molyneux, knt. 1552. William Cooke. 1553. Edward Saunders (serjeant-at-law). 1554. William Staunford. 1556. Sir James Dyer, knt.: afterwards to the king's bench. 1558. Robert Catlyn (serjeant-at-law): afterwards chief justice of the king's bench. Chief Justice Sir Anthony Browne. Nov. 18; now justice. - Woolrych. Sir James Dyer, again. Nov. 18. Woolrych. Chief justice Jan. following. 1421. William Babington (from the exchequer), 1559. Richard Weston. afterwards chief justice. John Martin. 1562. John Welsh. 1566. Richard Harper. - 1600. Peter Warburton. 1604. Sir William Daniel, knt. 1605. Sir Thomas Coventry, knt. 1607. Sir Thomas Foster, knt. 1611. Sir Humphrey Winch, knt. 1612. Sir Augustine Nichols, knt. 1617. Sir Richard Hutton, knt. 1621. Sir William Jones, knt.; afterwards to the king's bench. 1623. Sir George Crooke, or Croke; afterwards to the king's bench. 1624. Sir Francis Harvie, or Harvey, knt. 1625. Sir Henry Yelverton, bart. 1629. Sir Humphrey Davenport ; afterwards chief baron. 1631. Sir George Vernon (from the exchequer). 1632. Sir Francis Crawley. 1634. Sir John Finch; afterwards chief justice. 1638. Sir Edmund Reve, or Reeve: died in 1647. 1639. Sir Robert Foster. See below, years 1645 and 1660 for him again. 1645. [Justice Crawley and justice Foster (with several judges of other courts) removed by a vote of the parliament.] Peter Phesant, esq.- Whitelocke. 1647. John Godbolt, esq.: died in 1648.- Idem. 1648. John Creswell, and Thomas Bedenfield, esqrs. Idem. 1649. [Justice Creswell and justice Bedenfield refused to act, under the new commission. - Idem.] John Puleston, and Peter Warburton, esqrs., justices of the "common bench."- Idem. Edward Atkins, esq. in the room of justice 1653. Matthew Hale1, vice Warburton, who after 1 Justice Hale (afterwards sir Matthew) was the first judge appointed under the Protectorate. When the ermine was offered to him by Cromwell, he at first refused it, upon which the Protector said, that "if he was not permitted to rule by red gowns, he should rule by red coats." Cromwell sought men for places, not places for men; and "by accepting this appointment," says BURKE, Hale gave to the age the most brilliant example of sincere and fervent piety, exact justice, and profound jurisprudence." wards became a justice of the "upper | 1729. Sir John Fortescue Aland (from the king's bench." - Whitelocke. bench. Jan. 23): afterwards lord For1658. [Justice Hale; threw up his commission tescue: resigned 1746. about Sept.- Woolrych. Hugh Wyndham, esq.- Whitelocke. 1659. John Archer, esq., probably in the room of Puleston. Idem. 1660. Sir Robert Foster. May 31: made chief justice of the king's bench, Oct. 23, Sir William Ellys. Dec. 23: removed. 1673. Sir Hugh Wyndham. Jan. 23. [According to Dugdale and Woolrych justice Wyndham was made a baron of the exchequer in 1670, and he now returned to this court.] 1676. Sir William Scroggs. Oct. 23: afterwards made chief justice of the king's bench. 1678. Vere Bertie, from the exchequer: removed April, 1679. 1679. Sir William Ellys again. May 5. 1680. Sir Thomas Raymond (from the exchequer). Feb. 7. Sir Job Charlton. April 29: displaced in 1681. Sir Creswell Levinz or Levinge. Feb. 12: superseded Feb. 1686. 1684. Sir Thomas Street, from the exchequer. Oct. 30. 1686. Sir Henry Bedingfield. Feb. 13: immediately afterwards chief justice. Sir Edward Lutwyche. April 21. Sir John Powell, sen. April 26: afterwards to the king's bench; and back to this court. 1687. Sir Christopher Milton (from the exchequer). April 16: resigned next year. 1688. Sir Thomas Jenner (from the exchequer). June 29. 1689. Sir John Powell, sen. (from the king's bench). March 18. 1733. Thomas Reeve (by some written, in error, Reeves). April 16: afterwards chief justice and knt. 1736. Sir John Comyn (from the exchequer). Feb. 5 afterwards chief baron. 1738. William Fortescue, afterwards knt. (from the exchequer). July 7: made master of the rolls in 1741. 1740. Sir Thomas Parker, jun. (from the exchequer). April 22: afterwards chief baron. 1741. Sir Thomas Burnet. Nov. 8. 1743. Sir Thomas Abney (from the exchequer). Feb. 10. 1746. Sir Thomas Birch. June 24. 1750. Sir Nathaniel Gundry. June 23. 1753. Sir Edward Clive (from the exchequer). Jan. 30: surrendered in 1770. 1754. Hon. Henry Bathurst. May 2: afterwards created lord Apsley, and made lord chancellor: succeeded as earl Bathurst in 1775. 1757. Hon. William Noel. May 3. 1762. Sir Henry Gould (from the exchequer). Dec. 15. 1770. Sir Joseph Yates (from the king's bench). Feb. 16: died June 16 following. Sir William Blackstone (from the king's bench). June 25: died in 1780. 1771. Sir George Nares. Jan. 26. 1780. Sir John Heath, vice Blackstone. July 8. 1786. Sir John Wilson. Nov. 6. 1793. Sir Giles Rooke. Nov. 8: resigned in 1808. 1794. Sir Soulden Lawrence. March 8: afterwards to the king's bench. Sir Francis Buller, knt. and bart. (from the king's bench). June 19. 1842. Sir Creswell Creswell. Jan. 22. 1846. *Sir Edward Vaughan Williams. Oct. 27. 1849. *Thomas Noon Talfourd. July 28: afterwards knt. *** Marked thus are the present (1851) Puisne Justices of this court. THE COURT OF EXCHEQUER. THE Court of Exchequer is one of the four great courts of the kingdom. It is held in Westminster Hall, and was so named from a chequered cloth that anciently covered the table at which the judges and chief officers sat. This Court was erected, according to some authorities, by William the Conqueror, and according to others by Henry I., for the trial of all causes relating to the revenues of the crown; but in process of time the jurisdiction of the Exchequer became gradually enlarged, until at length it was not merely a revenue court, but one in which actions might be brought at common law between subject and subject, but one in which, also, suits in equity were instituted. In fact, until the act 5th Victoria, cap. 5 (passed 5th October, 1841), the Court of Exchequer possessed a triple jurisdiction, viz. in matters of equity, and as a court of common law, together with its original and exclusive powers in revenue affairs. But by the statute just mentioned, its jurisdiction as a court of equity has been transferred to the Court of Chancery. The judges of this Court are styled Barons, as in former times barons presided here appointed by the King to determine causes. In later times personages eminently learned in the law were appointed to preside, and they retained the title of Baron. The principal judge of the Court is styled the Chief Baron, who, like all our present judges, derives his appointment, quamdiu se bene gesserit, by letters-patent from the crown. He takes rank immediately after the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas. CHIEF BARONS OF THE EXCHEQUER. 1303. William de Carleton. July 26. Robert de Sadington, again. Dec. 8. 1384. William de Karleol. June 27. 1387. Robert de Plesyngton, again. Aug. 8. 1401. John Cokayne. Nov. 15. 1448. Peter Arderne. May 2. 1463. Sir Richard Illingworth, knt. Sept. 29. June 26. 1487. William Hody. Oct. 29. 1513. John Scot. Jan. 8. 1522. John Fitz-James. Feb. 8. 1526. Richard Brooke. Jan. 4. 1530. Richard Lyster, or Leicester. May 12. 1546. Sir Roger Cholmeley, knt. Nov. 11. 1577. Sir Robert Bell. Jan. 24: died the sum- Sir John Jefferay, from the king's bench. 1579. Roger Manwood. Jan. 24. 1593. Sir William Periam, from the common pleas. April 13. 1604. Sir Thomas Fleming, or Flemynge. Oct. 27: afterwards made chief justice of the king's bench. 1607. Sir Laurence Tanfield, from the king's 1625. Sir John Walter. May 10. 1643. Sir Richard Lane. May 25: he was af- 1656. William Steele, under the usurpation, in |