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The Welch having finally submitted to Edward I., and Llewelyn, their last prince of the blood, having been slain, the king resolved to gain, if possible, the hearts of his new subjects; and with this intention, he sent for his queen, Eleanor, then with child, to Carnarvon Castle, where she was soon afterwards delivered of a son. He thereupon convened the Welch chieftains, who were, he perceived, much indisposed to being governed by strangers, and told them, he was about to offer them "a prince for their ruler, who was of their own nation, who could not speak a word of English, and whose life was free from reproach." The chieftains joyfully accepting this proposal, the king named his new-born offspring as their prince; and the eldest sons of the sovereigns of England have been created princes of Wales soon after their birth, from this time.

PRINCES OF WALES OF THE BLOOD-ROYAL OF ENGLAND.

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1483. Edward, earl of Salisbury, only son of 1751. George-William-Frederick, eldest son of

Richard III.; created Sept. 8, 1483;

died in April, 1484.

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the preceding; afterwards George III.,
April 20, 1751.

George-Augustus-Frederick, eldest son of
George III., afterwards George IV., Au-
gust 17, 1762.
Albert-Edward, eldest son of her present
most gracious majesty, queen VICTORIA;
created Dec. 7, 1841. The now Prince
of Wales.

SCOTLAND.

Albin (Highland name).

Caledonia. - TACITUS. MACBEAN. Albine. - ScOTT. This country was governed by a king long before the Romans visited England. It continued an independent kingdom until the death of the English queen Elizabeth in 1603, when James VI. of Scotland, the most immediate heir, was called to the throne of England; he and his successors styling themselves kings of England and Scotland, and each country having a separate parliament, until 1707, in the reign of queen Anne. In that year and reign both kingdoms were united under the general name of Great Britain.

KINGS OF SCOTLAND.

BEFORE CHRIST. [The early accounts of the kings are, by many historians, deemed, in a great measure, fabulous. The antiquity of the kings is carried as far back as Alexander the Great.]

330. Fergus I.; ruled 25 years: lost in the Irish Sea.1

305. Fritharis, brother of Fergus: supposed to have been poisoned.

290. Mainus; succeeded his uncle; a just and esteemed prince.

261. Dornadilla, son of Mainus; a peaceful reign of 28 years.

233. Northatus, brother of the preceding; cruel and avaricious: slain.

213. Reutherus, son of Dornadilla.

187. Reutha, brother of Reutherus: resigned in favour of his nephew.

170. Thereus, son of Reutherus, a tyrant: deposed and exiled.

158. Josina, brother of Thereus.

131. Finanus; succeeded his father Josina; a prosperous reign.

104. Durstus, son of the preceding; a sensual prince; murdered many of his nobles at a feast, whereupon a civil war arose, and he was slain.

95. Evenus, a just, resolute, and valiant ruler; succeeded by

76. Gillus, his illegitimate son, who, usurping the royal power, caused the murder of the rightful heirs : deposed by his nobles, and beheaded.

75. Evenus II., nephew of Finanus, chosen in his room.

59. Ederus, grandson of Durstus. 12. Evenus III., succeeded his father Ederus: deposed for his enormous crimes, and strangled in prison.

4. Metellanus, nephew of Ederus: eminent for his justice and virtues.

AFTER CHRIST.

35. Caratacus or Caractacus, nephew of the preceding.

55. Corbred, his brother.

72. Dardanus, son of Corbred; a dissolute tyrant; his subjects slew him.

76. Corbred II., surnamed Galdus. Some suppose this king to be the Galgacus whom Tacitus mentions as having fought va liantly against Julius Agricola. 110. Luctacus or Lugthacus, his son, a cruel and sensual tyrant; murdered by his nobles.

113. Mogaldus, grandson of Corbred II.: murdered.

the regicide was torn asunder by wild horses.

195. Satrael or Satrahel, brother of the preceding grown odious for his vices and oppression he was strangled by his courtiers.

199. 216.

Donald I., brother of the two last. Ethodius II., son of Ethodius I.: slain by his guards in a domestic tumult.

231. Athirco, succeeded his father: an odious tyrant; dishonoured the daughters of Nathalocus, a noble, who took arms against him slew himself to avoid a severer death.

242. Nathalocus, who usurped the throne on the king's death; murdered many of his nobles: killed by his domestics. 253. Findochus, son of Athirco: murdered in a conspiracy, in which his brother, Carantius, was a principal.

264. Donald II., a third son of Athirco: slain in a battle with Donald of the Isles, who succeeded.

265. Donald III., lord of the Isles; usurped the throne; a terror to his people: slain by his successor.

277.

301.

348.

Carthilinthus or Crathilinthus, son of Fin-
dochus; reigned 24 years.
Fincormachus, son of Donald II.; reigned
47 years, and died lamented.
Romachus, nephew of the preceding: slain
by his nobles, and succeeded by his
cousin.

351. Angusianus or Eneanus: fell in battle with the Pictish king, who was also slain.

354. Fethelmachus, also cousin of Romachus; defeated the Picts and mortally wounded their new king in battle: murdered by a Pictish minstrel who feigned himself a Scot, hired by Hergustus, the succeeding king of that nation.

357. Eugenius I., son of Fincormachus: slain in battle by Maximus, the Roman general, and the confederate Picts.

With this battle ended the kingdom of the Scots, after having existed from the coronation of Fergus I., a period of 706 years: the royal family fled to Denmark. Bocce. Buchanan.

[Interregnum of 27 years.]

404. Fergus II.2 (I.) great-grandson of Eugenius and 40th king: slain in battle with the Romans.

420.

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Eugenius II. or Evenus, son of Fergus: reigned 31 years.

Dongardus or Domangard, brother of Eugenius: defeated and drowned. Constantine I., brother of Dongardus: assassinated by Dugall, a noble whose daughter he had dishonoured.

1 Fergus, a brave prince, came from Ireland with an army of Scots, and was chosen king. Having defeated the Britons and slain their king Coilus, the kingdom of the Scots was entailed upon his posterity for ever. He went to Ireland, and, having settled his affairs there, was drowned on his return, launching from the shore, near the harbour, called Carrick-Fergus to this day, 3699 A. M.- Anderson.

2 Some call this Fergus the first king, and suppose that either the foregoing kings are fabulous, or that they were only chiefs or generals of armies, having no royal authority, The controversy thus arising, I leave to be decided by the antiquaries, and must follow the received historics of Scotland. - Anderson.

SCOTLAND.

479. Congallus I., nephew of the preceding: a just and prudent king.

501. Goranus, brother of Congallus: murdered.
Boece. Died while Donald of Athol
was conspiring to take his life.- Scott.
535. Eugenius III., succeeded his uncle Go-
ranus: "none excelled him in justice."
558. Congallus II., brother of Eugenius III.
569. Kinnatellus, brother of the preceding: re-
signed in favour of Aidanus.

570. Aidanus or Aldan, son of Goranus.
605. Kenneth or Kennett I., son of Congallus II. :
reigned one year.

606. Eugenius IV., son of Adianus.
621. Ferchard or Ferquhard, son of the last :
confined for misdeeds to his palace,
where he laid violent hands upon him-
self. Scott.

632. Donald IV., brother of Ferchard: drowned
in Loch Tay.

646. Ferchard II., son of Ferchard I.; "the most execrable of kings:" died from the bite of a mad wolf.

664. Malduinus, son of Donald IV.: strangled by his wife for his supposed infidelity, for which crime she was immediately

afterwards burnt.

684. Eugenius V., brother of Malduinus.
688. Eugenius VI., son of Ferchard II.
698. Amberkeletus, his nephew: fell by an
arrow from an unknown hand.

699. Eugenius VII., his brother: some ruffians
designing the king's murder, entered
his chamber, and he being absent,
stabbed his queen, Spontana, to death.
Scott.

715. Mordachus, son of Amberkeletus.

730. Etfinus, son of Eugenius VII.

904. Constantine III., son of Ethus: resigned in
favour of Malcolm, after a long reign,
and retired to a monastery.

944. Malcolm I., son of Donald VI.: treache-
rously murdered in Moray.

953. Indulfus or Gondulph: killed by the Danes
in an ambuscade.

961. Duff or Duffus, son of Malcolm; basely
murdered by Donald, the governor of
Forres Castle.

965. Cullen or Culenus, son of Indulfus; avenged
the murder of his predecessor: assassi-
nated at Methven by a thane, whose
daughter he had dishonoured.
Kenneth III., brother of Duffus: murdered
by Fenella, the lady of Fettercairn.
Constantine IV., son of Culenus, usurped
the throne; slain.

970.

994.

995. Grimus, or the Grim, son of Duffus: routed
and slain in battle by Malcolm, the
rightful heir to the crown, who suc-
ceeded.

1003.

Malcolm II., son of Kenneth III.: assassi-
nated on his way to Glamis; the assas-
sins in their flight, crossing a frozen
lake, were drowned by the ice giving
Malcolm was succeeded by his

way.
grandson,

1033. Duncan I.: assassinated by his cousin Macbeth, who ascended the throne. 1039. Macbeth, usurper and tyrant: slain by Macduff, the thane of Fife, and the rightful heir succeeds.

Historians so differ up to this reign, in the number of the kings, the dates of succession, and the circumstances narrated, that no account can be taken as precisely accurate.

761. Eugenius VIII., son of Mordachus; sensual 1057. Malcolm III. (Cean-Mohr or Canmore)

and tyrannous: put to death by his
nobles, and his parasites strangled.

764. Fergus III., son of Etfinus: killed by his 1093.
queen in a fit of jealousy; she imme-
diately afterwards stabbed herself to
escape a death of torture.

767. Solvathius, son of Eugenius VIII.
787. Achaius; a just and wise prince.
819. Congallus III., a peaceful reign.

824. Dongal or Dougal, son of Solvathius: drowned in the Spey.

831. Alpine, son of Achaius: taken prisoner and
beheaded, with many of his nobles, by
the Picts.

834. Kenneth II., son of Alpinus, and surnamed
Mac Alpine; defeated the Picts, and slew
their king and his nobility. United the
Picts and Scots under one sceptre, and
became the first sole monarch of all
Scotland 843.

854. Donald V., brother of Kenneth: dethroned,
and terminated an inglorious reign in
prison, dying by his own hand.
858. Constantine II., son of Kenneth: taken in
battle by the Danes, and beheaded.

1094.

son of Duncan: killed while besieging Alnwick Castle.

Malcolm, usurped the throne: fled to the Hebrides.

Donald VII. or Donald Bane, brother of

Duncan II., natural son of Malcolm; also an usurper: murdered.

1094. Donald Bane, again: deposed.

1098. Edgar, son of Malcolm, and rightful heir. Henry I. of England married his sister Maud, who had taken the vows, but not the veil.

1107.

1124.

1153.

1165.
1214.

1249.

874. Eth or Ethus, surnamed Lightfoot: died 1285.
of grief in prison, having been thrown
into confinement for his sensuality and
crimes.

876. Gregory, called the Great; distinguished
(as a king) for his bravery, moderation,
and justice.

893. Donald VI., second son of Constantine; an
excellent prince.

of Edgar. Alexander, surnamed the Fierce, brother

married Matilda, daughter of Waltheof, David, brother of the two preceding kings; earl of Northumberland.

Malcolm IV., grandson to David: succeeded
by his brother,
William, surnamed the Lion.
Joan, daughter of John, king of England.
Alexander II., son of William; married
Alexander III.; married Margaret, daugh-
ter of Henry III. of England; dislocated
his neck, when hunting, near Kinghorn.
grand-daughter of the last king; "re-
Margaret, called the " Maiden of Norway,"
cognized by the states of Scotland,
though a female, an infant, and a fo-
reigner:" died on her passage to Scot-
land.

[On the death of Margaret, a competition
arose for the vacant throne, which Ed-
ward I. of England decided in favour of]

1292. John Baliol, who afterwards surrendered | 1437. James II., son of James I., whom he suchis crown, and died in exile.

[Interregnum.]

1306. Robert (Bruce) I.; the Bruce of Bannock

burn; a brave prince, beloved by his 1460.
people.

1329. David (Bruce) II., son of Robert. Edward
Baliol disputed the throne with him.
1332. Edward Baliol, son of John: resigned.
1342. David II. again; eleven years a prisoner
in England; succeeded by his nephew,
1371. Robert (Stuart) II.; succeeded by his son,
1390. Robert III., whose proper name

was

John, changed on his accession. 1406. James I., second son of the preceding; imprisoned 18 years in England; set at liberty in 1423: conspired against and murdered, 1437. Assassinated in his bed-chamber, Feb. 21, 1437-8.- Banks.

1488.

1513.

1542.

1567.

ceeded at seven years of age: killed at the siege of Roxburgh Castle by a cannon bursting.

James III.; succeeded his father: killed in
a revolt of his subjects at Bannock-
burn-field.

James IV.; married Margaret Tudor,
daughter of Henry VII. of England:
killed at the battle of Flodden.
James V.; son of the last king: succeeded
when little more than a year old; a
sovereign possessing many virtues.
Mary, daughter of James V.; succeeded in
her infancy: put to death in England.
James VI.; son of Mary. In 1603, on the
death of queen Elizabeth, he succeeded
to the throne of England, and the king-
doms became united. See England.

IRELAND.

Hibernia. - TACITUS. Ierne. STRABO.2 It is disputed by historians from what nation this country was originally peopled. It seems, however, to be satisfactorily shown that the first colonists were Phoenicians. The Partholani landed in Ireland about 2048 B. C. The descent of the Damnonii was made about 1463 B. C. This was followed by the descent of Heber and Heremon, Milesian princes, from Galicia, in Spain, who conquered Ireland, and gave to its throne a race of 171 kings. Ireland was formerly divided among a number of petty sovereigns, or chiefs, which circumstance facilitated the conquest of the whole by Henry II. in A. D. 1172; but the English did not remain quiet possessors of the entire kingdom until the reign of James I., or after the year 1614.

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1 David, eldest son of this sovereign, was created duke of Rothesay in 1398, from which time the principality and stewartcy of Scotland, the dukedom of Rothesay, the earldom of Carrick, lordship of the Isles, and barony of Renfrew, have been vested in the heir-apparent of the sovereign, who from his birth or his father's accession to the throne, enjoys those honours.

2 The appellation Ierne comes nearest the original name Erin, or rather Iar in, which, in the Celtic, denotes a western country. Mela says, "Ireland had no corn, but had excellent pasture land." Several colonies of Scoti settled in the northern counties; the native Irish called them Daone Gaul or Gaulte, signifying "foreign or barbarous men ; " and to this day one of the counties in that quarter is called Donegal.- Macbean. The inhabitants of lerne were a wilder people than the Britons. Strabo,

3 The Irish writers carry their succession of kings very high, as high as even before the Flood. The learned antiquary, Thomas Innes, of the Scots' College of Paris, expresses his wonder that "the learned men of the Irish nation, have not, like those of other nations, yet published the valuable remains of their ancient history whole and entire, with just translations, in order to separate what is fabulous and only grounded on the traditions of their poets and bards, from what is certain history." "O'Flaherty, Keating, Toland, Kennedy, and other modern Irish historians have rendered all uncertain by deducing their history from the Deluge, with as much assurance as they deliver the transactions of Ireland from St. Patrick's time." Anderson.

1061. Aongus-Olmuchac: slain by his successor. 1043. Eadna-Airgtheach, and

1016. Rotheachta: both slain by their successors. 991. Seadhna: slain by his own son.

986. Fiachadh-Fionsgothach: slain by his suc

cessor.

966. Muinheamhoin, or Muinimone: died of the plague.

961. Aildergoidh; succeeded his father: slain by his successor.

934. Odlamh-Fodhla, "the wisest and most virtuous prince that ever mounted the Irish throne."

924. Fionachta, his son.

909. Slanoll, succeeded his brother: died at Tara. 894. Geide-Olgothach, also a son of OdlamhFodhla: slain by his nephew.

877. Fiachadh: slain by his successor. 853. Bearngall: slain by his successor. 841. Oilliol: slain by his successor.

825, Siorna-Saoghalach: slain by his successor. 804. Rotheachta: burnt.

[Six succeeding kings, among whom was Nuadha-Fionn-Fail, died violent deaths.] 735. Fion-Fin, of the line of Er, or Ir. 715. Seadhna; "invented banners to distinguish his troops :" tortured and cut into quarters by his successor.

695. Simeon Breac: suffered the same fate. 689. Duach-Fionn or Fin: slain by his successor. 684. Muireadach, and two succeeding kings,

died violently.

659. Siorlamh: "he had such long hands and arms that when he stood upright his fingers touched the ground:" slain by his successor.

[Eleven princes succeeded, who all died in civil wars or broils, or by assassination.]

540. Aodh-Ruadh: drowned.

519. Diothorba: died of a malignant distemper. 498. Coimbaoth: died of the plague. 478. Machadh-Mongruadh, queen, surnamed the Red-haired Princess; succeeded her cousin, and "reigned magnificently:" slain by her successor. 471. Reachta-Righdhearg: slain by his suc

cessor.

451. Ugaine Mor, or the Great: "had 22 sons and 3 daughters, among whom he partitioned his kingdom:" slain by his brother.

421. Laoghaire-Lorck: slain by his brother. 419. Cabhthaick; slew his brother and nephew: himself slain by his grand-nephew. [Ten kings succeeded, of whom three only died natural deaths.]

275. Feargus-Forthamhuil: killed in battle. 263. Aongus-Tuirimheach: slain at Tara.

[Of fifteen succeeding princes, eleven died in battle, or were murdered.]

66. Conaire Mor, or the Great: deprived of his crown and life by his successor. 36. Lughaidh-Riebdearg: killed himself by falling on his sword.

[Two kings succeeded, of whom the latter died A. D. 4.]

AFTER CHRIST.

4. Fearaidhach-Fionfachtna, "a most just and good prince :" slain by his successor. 24. Fiachadh-Fion: slain by his successor. 27. Fiachadh-Fionohudh, the Prince with the white cows: "murdered by the Irish plebeians of Connaught."

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213.

212. Feargus, surnamed Black-teeth: murdered at the instigation of his successor. Cormac-Ulfhada, "a prince of most excellent wisdom, and kept the most splendid court that ever was in Ireland:" choked by the bone of a fish at supper. 253. Eochaidh-Gunait: killed.

254. Cairbre-Liffeachair: slain in battle. 282. Fiachadh; succeeded his father: slain in battle by his three nephews.

315. Cairioll or Colla-Uais: dethroned, and retired to Scotland.

819. Muirreadhach-Tireach: slain by his suc

cessor.

352. Caolbhach: slain by his successor. 353. Eochaidh-Moidhmeodhain: died a natural

death.

360. Criomthan: poisoned by his own sister to obtain the crown for her son.

375. Niall, surnamed of the nine hostages: killed in France, on the banks of the Loire. 398. Dathy: killed by a thunderbolt at the foot of the Alps.

421. Laoghaire: killed by a thunderbolt. 453. Oilioll-Molt: slain in battle.

473. Lughaidh: killed also by a thunderbolt. 493. Murtough: died naturally.

515. Tuathal-Maolgarbh: assassinated. 528. Diarmuid fell by the sword of Hugh Dubh. 550. Feargus, in conjunction with his brother Daniel: the manner of their deaths uncertain.

551. Eochaidh, jointly with his uncle Baodan: both slain.

554. Ainmereach: deprived of his crown and life. 557. Baodan: slain by the two Cuimins. 558. Aodh or Hugh: killed in battle. 587. Hugh Slaine: assassinated.

591. Aodh-Uaireodhnach: killed in battle. 618. Maolcobha: defeated in a dreadful battle, in which he was slain. 622. Suibhne- Meain: killed. 635. Daniel: died a natural death.

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