beset in an ice-held in the northern part of Baffin's Bay-Drifted with it for sixty-two Second voyage of the Enterprise and Investigator under Captain Names of officers attached to the ships-Esquimaux interpreter appointed to the Purport of instructions issued from the Admiralty-Ship arrives in Behring's Strait Voyage of the Lady Franklin and Sophia, purchased government ships, under the command of Mr. Penny... Nature of the instructions given-Printing Press supplied-Ships sail and reach Voyage of the Resolute and Assistance, under command of Captain Austin, with their steam tenders, Pioneer and Intrepid, 1850-51...313 Ships purchased and are renamed by the government-Officers employed-instruc- Voyage of Captain Sir John Ross in the Felix private schooner Is fitted out by the Hudson's Bay Company and private subscription-Arrives at Whalefish Islands, and overtakes the Advance and Resolute-Proceeds in company- Esquimaux reports of the destruction of Franklin's ships, and murder of the crew- Proved by investigation to be devoid of foundation-Letter of Sir John Ross to the American Government Searching Expedition in the United States ships Advance and Rescue, under the command of Lieutenant De Lady Franklin's appeal to the American nation-Mr. Clayton's reply-Second letter of Lady Franklin to the President-Suggestions of Lieutenant S. Osborn, R. N.-De- Remarkable Voyage of the private ship Prince Albert, under the .348 Fitted out by Lady Franklin and by private subscription-Reasons for the expedition The American Grinnell Expedition in search of Sir John Frank- 861 A Summer Search for Sir John Franklin, with a Peep into the First glimpse of Greenland-Singular accident-Examination of shores of Wol- stenholme Sound-Northumberland Island-Point Frederick VII.-Appearance of the ice-Visits the graves of Franklin's men at Beechey Island-Difficulties of ad- vancing-Loss of spars-The return of the Isabel. Eighteen Months in the Polar Regions in search of Sir John Franklin's Expedition, in the years 1850-51, by Lieutenant Sherard Osborn, with the Steam-vessels Pioneer and Intrepid 421 Dangers of anchoring to an ice-berg-Entangled in the pack-Enters Baffin's Bay- Arctic Searching Expedition; a Journal of a Boat voyage Start from Montreal-Designated route-Intercourse with the Esquimaux-Sketch of the Esquimaux-Russell Inlet-Harrowby Bay-Cape Bathurst-Cape Kendall -Coppermine River-Kendall River-The Esquimaux of this region-Their religion -Their different races and tribes-The Kutchins-Fort Confidence-Basil Hall Bay The Second Voyage of the Prince Albert in search of Sir John Franklin, under the command of William Kennedy, in 1853 461 Origin of this expedition-The outfit and instructions-Melville Bay-Prince Re Arctic Explorations; the Second Grinnell Expedition in search of Sir John Franklin, in 1853, '54, 55, by Dr. E. K. Kane, in Outfit and purpose of the expedition-Visit to Danish settlements of Greenland- ficult navigation-Murchison Channel-Narrow Escape-Weary Man's Rest-Mer- de-Glace-Cape York- Want of provisions-Seal hunt-Coast of Greenland--The Rayak-Discouraging news-Arrival at Upernavik-Captain Hartstene's expedition in the Arctic and the Release-Adventures of that expedition-Return to Upernavik and discovery of Dr. Kane's party--Return to New York-Results of the expedition Discovery of the First Authentic Account of Sir John Franklin's fate--Return of "Fox" to Isle of Wight, September 20, 1859. Explorations of Dr. ISAAC I. HAYES (Surgeon of Second Grinnell Dr. Hayes' First Expedition-He describes the Arctic night-- His Open Polar Sea First Expedition in the "George Henry"; Second Expedition in the "Monti- cello"; Third or North Polar Expedition in the U. S. Steamer "Polaris "-Various adventures and discoveries-Capt. Hall's death-Loss of the "Polaris"-Floating on the ice-Escape of the crews-Capt. Hall awarded the gold medal of the Geograph- ical Society of Paris-Results-Life among the Eskimos-Tombs of his native Expeditions from Europe-Nordenskiöld Weyprecht and Payer sail from Norway, June, 1871-Discover Franz Joseph Land Their sledges go to within 7° or 8° of the Pole-Capts. Tobiesen, Mack and Schwatka and Gilder's Expedition to King William Land-Overland Sledge jour- ney of 3,251 miles, 1879-1880-Relics of Franklin's men-Skull and bones of Lieut. 57! Leaves San Francisco, July 8, 1879-Takes the Bering Strait route-Crosses the U. S. Steamers "Corwin," "Rodgers," "Alliance "-Their adventures in search of the "Jeannette," "Mount Wollaston," and "Vigilant "-The Corwin's crew ex- Expeditions of Capt. Cook. Capt. Wm. Smith, Bellinghausen, Howell, Palmer, Capt Weddell, Capt. John Biscoe, Dumont D'Urville, Capt. Ross, Lieut. Charles Lieut. A. W. GREELY'S Expedition-Signal Stations 606 Col. Wm. H. Gilder's Proposed Foot Journey to the Pole 634-639 Lieut. GREELY's Oasis in Grinnell Land described in his book, What LOCKWOOD and GREELY discovered north of 80° N.-An ice-girt island • 377 THE PROGRESS OF ARCTIC DISCOVERY IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. If we examine a map of Northern, or Arctic, America, showing what was known of the countries around the North Pole in the commencement of the present century, we shall find that all within the Arctic circle was a complete blank. Mr. Hearne had, indeed, seen the Arctic Sea in the year 1771; and Mr. Mackenzie had traced the river which now bears his name to its junction with the sea; but not a single line of the coast from Icy Cape to Baffin's Bay was known. The eastern and western shores of Greenland, to about 75° latitude, were tolerably well defined, from the visits of whaling vessels; Hudson's Bay and Strait were partially known; but Baffin's Bay, according to the statement of Mr. Baffin, in 1616, was bounded by land on the west, running parallel with the 90th meridian of longitude, or across what is now known to us as Barrow's Strait, and probably this relation led to the subsequently formed hasty opinion of Captain Sir John Ross, as to his visionary Croker Mountains, of which I shall have occasion to speak hereafter. As early as the year 1527, the idea of a passage to the East Indies by the North Pole was suggested by a |