History, Whims, 1650 39 Capricious and strange designs.
Sea-pieces

1667 76 A medium between the Caracci and
Caravaggio; he has two manners,
one a dark and strong one; the
other more gay and gracious.

1669 73 Noble compositions; bright and beautiful coloring.

1661 72 A coloring more languid than Pietro Cortona, but extremely delicate and pleasing.

1719 91 Noble, bold manner and bright coloring.

great and noble style; stories that have something of horror or cruelty.

1682 82 Rural and pleasing scenes, with various accidents of nature, as gleams of sunshine, the rising moon, &c.

History, land- 1665 71 Exquisite knowledge of the antique ;

fine expression; skilful and well chosen composition and design, Scenes of the country, with ancient buildings and historical figures intermixed

1665. A mixture of Nicholas's and Claude Lorraine's styles.

1665 38 Simplicity, dignity, and correctness of style; he is called the French Raffaelle.

PAINTS. See COLOR-MAKING.

PAIR, n.s., v. n. & v. a. Fr. pair; Lat. par, equal. Two things alike, of a sort, or suitable to each other; a couple; brace; hence a married couple: to be joined in pairs or coupled; to suit; fit: as an active verb, to join in couples; unite as corresponding or as a remarkable con

rast.

Our dance, I pray ;
Your hand, my Perdita; so turtles pair.

Shakspeare.
Had our prince seen the hour, he had paired
Well with this lord; there was not a full month
Between their births.
Id. Winter's Tale.
All his lovely looks, his pleasing fires,
All his sweet motions, all his taking smiles,
He does into one pair of eyes convey. Suckling.
O when meet now
Such pairs in love and mutual honour joined ?
Milton.

Baucis and Philemon there Had lived long married and a happy pair; Now old in love. Dryden. Minds are so hardly matched, that ev'n the first, Though paired by heaven, in Paradise were cursed.

Id.

The many pairs of nerves, branching themselves to all the parts of the body, are wonderful to behold.

Ethelinda!

Ray.

My heart was made to fit and pair with thine, Simple and plain, and fraught with artless tenderness. Rowe.

Turtles and doves with diff'ring hues unite,
And glossy jet is paired with shining white. Pope.
Their sentiment, so well expressed,
Influenced mightily the rest;

All paired, and each pair built a nest. Cowper.
Ah sure a pair was never seen,

So justly formed to meet by nature!
The youth excelling so in mien,

Sheridan.

The maid in every grace of feature. PAIRING, in zoology, the union of animals in couples for the purpose of rearing their young. All wild birds pair; but with a remarkable difference between such as place their nests on trees and such as place them on the ground. The young of the former, being hatched blind and without feathers, require the nursing care of both parents till they are able to fly. The male feeds his mate on the nest, and cheers her with a song. As soon as the young are hatched, singing yields to a more necessary occupation, that of providing food for a numerous issue; a task that employs both parents. Eagles, and other birds of prey, build on trees, or on other inaccessible spots. They not only pair, but con

1713 90 1689 55

tinue in pairs all the year round; and the same pair procreates year after year. This at least is the case with the eagles: the male and female hunt together, unless during incubation, at which time the female is fed by the male. A greater number than a single pair are never seen in company. Gregarious birds pair, probably to prevent discord in a society confined to a narrow space. This is the case particularly with pigeons and rooks. The male and female sit on the eggs alternately, and divide the care of feeding their young. Eider ducks pair like other birds that place their nests on the ground; and the female finishes her nest with down, plucked from her own breast. If the nest is destroyed for the down, which is remarkably warm and elastic, she makes another nest as before. If she is robbed a second time, she makes a third nest; but the male furnishes the down. The black game never pair: in spring, the cock, on an eminence, crows and claps his wings; and the females within hearing resort to him. Pairing birds, excepting those of prey, flock together in February to choose their mates. They soon disperse; and are not seen afterwards but in pairs. Pairing is unknown to quadrupeds that feed on grass. To such it would be useless; as the female gives suck to her young while she herself is feeding. Beasts of prey, such as lions, tygers, wolves, pair not. The female is left to shift for herself and for her young; which is a laborious task, and often so unsuccessful as to shorten the lives of many of them. Pairing is essential to birds of prey, because incubation leaves the female no sufficient time to hunt for food. Pair ing is not necessary to beasts of prey, because their young can bear a long fast. Among animals that pair not, males fight desperately for a female. The beavers, with respect to pairing, resemble birds that place their nests on the ground. As soon as the young are produced, the males abandon their stock of food to their mates and live at large; but return frequently to visit them while they are suckling their young. Hedgehogs pair, as well as several of the monkey kind. We are not well acquainted with the natural history of these animals; but it would appear that the young require the nursing care of both parents. Seals have a singular economy. Polygamy seems to be a law of nature among them, as a male associates with several females. The sea turtles have no occasion to pair, as the female performs her task at once, by laying her eggs in the sand. The young are hatched by the sun, and immediately crawl to the sea.

PAISLEY, a town of Scotland in Renfrewshire, about six miles and a half west of Glasgow, on the river White Cart, over which there are two stone bridges of two arches each, and one of three. The town is very ancient; but was of much less consequence formerly than at present. The name Paisley is supposed to be derived from the Gaelic Pais-licht, i. e. the brow or face of a rock, which was the situation of its old church in 1160. It was erected into a burgh of barony by James IV. in 1488, when its importance seems to have been derived from its rich monastery. Even in the beginning of the eighteenth century it was but an inconsiderable place; consisting only of one street, about half a mile in length, with several lanes; whereas now it appears to be one of the largest and most populous towns in Scotland. Its buildings are elegant; its streets are well paved; and connected with one another, where the river intervenes, by three bridges. It is governed by three bailies, of whom the eldest is commonly in the commission of the peace, a treasurer, a town-clerk, and seventeen counsellors, who are annually elected about Michaelmas. It enjoys the powers of government and police, without the usual burdens of royal boroughs. The old part of the town runs from east to west upon the south slope of a ridge of hills, from which there is a fine prospect of Glasgow and the adjacent country; but on the south the view terminates in a ridge of green hills, about two miles distant. It is full a mile long, and nearly as broad. On the east side of the Car stands the new town, which was feued off by the earl of Abercorn, and is now a large and populous place. The streets are laid off in a regular manner, but not in right angles. Many of them bear evidence of the industry of the people from their names, as Silk Street, Cotton Street, Lawn Street, &c. Here the earl of Abercorn built one of the largest and most elegant inns in Scotland, and several marketplaces. The town of Paisley continued a part of the abbey parish till 1738; when, the magistrates and council having purchased the patronage from the then earl of Dundonald, a new church was built, and the town was erected into a separate parish. This, called the Laigh Church, is built in the form of a Greek cross, very well laid out, and contains a great number of people. In 1756 another church was built, ornamented with a lofty spire, visible at a great distance. This is called the High Church, and is a very fine building; it is an oblong square of eighty-two feet by sixty-two, built of free-stone, with rustic corners and an elegant stone cornice. The roof is a pavilion covered with slate, having a platform covered with lead. In 1781 the Middle Church was built, and very el gantly finished; and in 1782 the town was divided into three parishes, named from their churches. There are six churches for the established religion, one each for the Episcopalians, Roman Catholics, Secession, Cameronians, and Methodists, two for the communion of relief, and two for the Independents. In addition to these, numerous other religious sects have their separate places of worship. The town-house is a very handsome

building of cut stone, with a tall spire and 1 clock. The flesh-market has an elegant front of cut stone, and is one of the most commodious in Britain. The poor's house is a large building, very well laid out, and stands opposite to the quay, in a fine free air. It is supported by a small tax. A philosophical society, the members of which are rather numerous, and hold weekly meetings in their hall during the winter season, has long existed. A taste for reading is also general among the manufacturing classes, in proof of which it may be mentioned, that besides what is called the trades' library, which forms indeed a third public one, many book societies have been formed; and numerous reading-rooms are supported by operatives only. Paisley is now one of the first manufacturing towns in Scotland, and is greatly celebrated on account of its manufactory of silk gauze. About the beginning of the last century the manufactures consisted principally of muslins, coarse linens, and handkerchiefs, which were afterwards succeeded by those of lawn and gauze, and a species of thread called ounce, or white thread, from Holland. In 1812 it was computed that 350,000 spindles of linen yarn, made into thread, were annually produced; this branch of trade has, however, greatly declined, and has been succeeded by the manufacture of wire or cotton thread. The lawn and linen gauze manufactures have also given way to other branches of industry. About the year 1760 the silk manufacture was introduced, and succeeded beyond expectation; but, in 1816, it had so much declined as not to employ more than a dozen looms. Since that period the silk trade, and also the fancy muslin branch, have rapidly increased, and, with the cotton manufactures, have been carried on to an extent before unknown, by the powerful aid of steam-engines, and other machinery. Shawls, both of silk and cotton, and also of silk mixed with Merino wool, are extensively manufactured here, under the names of scarfs, plaids, and shawls. It is difficult to give an exact account of the state of its manufactures at present. Besides the principal manufactures, there are four considerable tan-works, two soap and candle works, a manufacture of ribands, and another of inkle or tape. Cart runs from south to north, and falls into the Clyde, after it has joined the conflux of the Gryfe and Black Cart at Inchinnan bridge, three miles below the town. At spring tides vessels of forty tons burden come up to the quay. The communication by water is of great importance to the inhabitants; for in this way they are served with fish of different kinds, and send their goods and manufactures to Port Glasgow, Greenock, and Glasgow; and by the great canal they have also a communication with the Frith of Forth. The trade of the town is considerably augmented by improving the navigation of the river Cart, by removing some rocks and shoals; and as the channel was but shallow under Inchinnan bridge, a navigable canal was constructed, which leaves the river a little above, and joins it a little below bridge. The Ardrossan canal also skirts the town, and is, in one place, formed into a basin, where there is an

The