Structural Holes: The Social Structure of CompetitionHarvard University Press, 17. nov. 1992 - 313 sider This work describes the social structural theory of competition that has developed from the 1970s to the 1990s. The contrast between perfect competition and monopoly is replaced with a network image of competition more closely keyed to the actual settings in which people live and work. The theory describes how the network structure of a situation offers competitive advantage to certain players. The basic element in this description is the structural hole: a gap between two individuals with complementary resources or information. When the two are connected through a third individual as entrepreneur, the gap is filled, creating important advantages for the entrepreneur. The distribution of structural holes in a competitive arena determines the flow of information and control benefits to certain players. Competitive advantage is a matter of access to structural holes. |
Indhold
The Social Structure of Competition | 8 |
Formalizing the Argument | 50 |
Turning a Profit | 82 |
Copyright | |
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aggregate constraint analysis attributes average behavior boss bottom of Figure Burt Chapter cluster concentration connected constraint measure contact networks control benefits correlation current rank customer markets defined density density networks describes early promotion effective size empirical entrepreneurial networks entrepreneurial opportunities estimates example extent fast promotion firm graph hierarchical network high-ranking higher hole effects hole signature illustrated immediate work group increases information benefits investment jackknife estimate level of constraint manager's network negotiating nonredundant contacts number of contacts oligopoly organization person player player's network population ecology position predicted primary contacts producers profit margins rates of return redundant relationship rich in structural role row of Table secondary structural social capital social frontier social structure Sociology solid line straint strategic partner strategy hypothesis struc structural autonomy structural equivalence structural hole argument study population suppliers and customers t-test tertius thin line tion variable versus weak tie women and entry-rank