Her life was chequered by all the turns of good and ill-fortune, incident to the troublesome period at which she lived. She had, at length, the happiness to see her beloved son unexpectedly advanced to the throne of England, and, weathering all the storms which arise from a forcible acquisition, and a disputed title, end a reign of 23 years by a peaceful death. She survived him but three months, dying the 29th June, 1509, aged 69.

In the account of Richard Sterne, Archbishop of York, it is erroneously stated that this prelate is the reputed author of that inestimable Treatise "The Whole Duty of Man."-'It is now on record that this celebrated work was the production of Mr. Melmoth, the editor of Vernon's Reports, and Father of the elegant translator of Cicero's and Pliny's Letters. It is not generally known, nor is the circumstance mentioned by the present writer, that Archbishop Sterne was the grand-father of the highly ingenious Lawrence Sterne.

The portraits contained in the work are twenty-five in number. We cannot dismiss this article without remarking to the author, that such distinguished characters as Dr. Brady the historian, and Roger Gale the antiquary, the most important in the volume, deserved a tribute to their memory very superior to that which they have here received. In such men we are interested, and not in merely "the tenth transmitter of a foolish name."

ART. XV. Annotations on the four Gospels. Compiled and abridged for the Use of Students. a Vols. 8vo. PP. 540 each. 148. Boards. Payne. 1799.

THE

HE reader of this work must not expect to meet with original criticism; it is, as its title implies, an abridged compilation from some of the most celebrated commentators, át home and abroad, who have written since the revival of letters; particularly from those of the Protestant communions.-The foreigners principally quoted are Erasmus, Beza, Vatables, Grotius, Beausobre, Le Clerc, Simon, Calmet, and Dupin ;-of our national interpreters, Lightfoot, Whitby, Mill, Hammond, Doddridge, Bowyer, Owen, Macknight, and Gilpin. It is rather strange that the compiler takes no notice of Newcome, Campbell, Priestley, nor Wakefield; and that he scarcely ever mentions either Locke or Clarke, We are equally surprized that he has almost totally overlooked the latest German, Danish, and Swedish commentators; to whom biblical criticism owes so

Report gives this performance to the Rev. Mr. Elsley, a clergyhan in Yorkshire.

REV. Dec. 1799.

нь

much,

S.R.

much, and with whose observations he might have consider ably enriched and augmented his accumulated stores.

Prefixed is a copious Introduction; which the biblical student will read with profit. It contains, 1. a succinct account of those authors who have written on the geography and history of the Holy Land. These, with respect to geography, are chiefly Josephus, Eusebius, Jerom, Strabo, and Pliny, among the antients; among the moderns, Reland, Lightfoot, Bochart, and travellers into the East; from whom very useful observations have been collected by Harmer.-The Jewish history is contained in the books of the O. T. (either canonical or apocryphal), continued by Josephus to the ruin of Jerusalem; and the pagan writers chiefly quoted by commentators, with regard to this æra, are Herodotus, and the other Greek historians down to Dion Cassius. --The traditions and customs of the Jews are chiefly to be collected from Philo, Josephus, and the Talmudists.

The second section of the Introduction concerns the state and critical exposition of the text of the New Testament; on which the author refers to Michaelis's Introduction, translated by Marsh, as the standard work, comprehending all that is important on the subject.' This is saying much, Neither Mi chaelis nor his translator has exhausted the subject: it yet demands the still keener optics and deeper search of an Eichhorn'; who, perhaps, is at this moment employed on it. We do not mean to depreciate the labours of either of the former authors, for whom we have the highest respect; and we are even willing to call their joint work a sort of standard-until a better shall be erected-which we by no means despair of seeing.-The whole of this section is an abridged transcript from Michaelis'; respecting chiefly the sources whence the true and genuine readings of the text of the N. T. are drawn; namely, the antient Greek MSS.-the antient versions-quotations in the Greek writers-and critical conjectures.

. The reader is then presented with a brief account of the principal editions of the Greek Testament; among which we were surprised not to find that of Griesbach :-also a summary catalogue of the Christian Fathers, from Justin Martyr to Euthymius: of whom (says the author) a more accurate knowlege must be gained from their works'; or, at least, from the accounts of the modern critics and ecclesiastical historians, as Lardner, Dupin, Tillemont, &c. especially from Cave's Historia Literaria, Lond. 1688, fol. an useful book of a very moderate price; which ought not to be omitted in forming a scholar's library. In this we heartily agree. Cave's book is work of uncommon merit: but there is a later and much better edition

edition than that of 1688; viz. that of 1740: in two folio volumes; and of no great cost,

The Introduction concludes with a very short account of Jewish authors, of Aquila, Theodotion, and Symmachus; of. the antient ecclesiastical historians and grammarians; and a description of the Temple, from Prideaux and Lightfoot.-In this Introduction, we observe a want of method, and conse quently a disagreeable tautology. It might have been reduced to half its size, without losing aught of its weight,

In order to afford the reader some idea of the Annotations, we think that we cannot do better than transcribe a few of them in the compiler's own words; and the very first on Matthew will suffice for our purpose:

The book of the generation-] Bißhas yet Whether these words form the title of the whole Gospel, or only of this Genealogy, is much contested by the critics. Grotius and Beza are of opinion, that they are only the title of this present table of descent.

• Many Typapas μepinas, or inscriptions of particular passages, it is observed by Grotius, occur both in the books of Moses and in the Prophets. What the Greeks express by the compound word y Adya is given in two separate words in the Hebrew; (see Calmet, Dict. voc. Genealogie;) and the Greek translators are accustomed to follow the Hebrew literally, and seldom use compound words.Bos, Hebr. 5D, is any short writing; (see Isa. xxxvii. 14. Jer. xxxii. 10. Joshua x. 13.) the Syriac gives it rightly and s is origo'; as rendered by Cicero in Lib. de universitate, from Plato: BICOS YEEEWS, therefore, as the LXX translate 90, Gen, v. 1. is properly descriptio originis, the account of the origin or descent of Jesus Christ. Grotius. Beza. (Yet yeaλoy is found in the LXX, I Chron. vii. 5, 7. ix, 22, and is there expressed in the Vide Tromii Concord. et

התיחש Hebrew by a single word

Taylor, voc.

m.)

Hammond takes the opposite side of the argument, He ob serves, that, as the verb signifies not only to beget or to be born, but to produce any event "which time may bring forth," as Prov. xxvii. 1. Eccles. iv. 14. Job xi. 12.; so the noun YEVES, imports any such event, or the relation of it. Thus Gen. ii. 4 "These are the , i. e. not only the generations' of the heavens, or their creation, but the story or relation of it, and of other following events.” So Gen, v. I. "The book of the , of the story of Adam," his creation, and following life; as here of the life of Christ. So also Gen. xxxvii. 2. These are the story of Jacob :'--his birth and that of his children were detailed in c. xxxv. that of Esau in c. xxxvi.-but here his dwelling in Canaan, v. 1. and v. 2, 3, &c. the consequent passages; thus Aben Ezra ad loc. explains it to denote " any event that befel Jacob;" and P. Fagius-non genealogiam-sed casus et eventa. Again, Num. iii. 1 is the story of the events relating to Aaron and Moses," &c. This then is the book of the history of the whole life

of Christ, as Пçažus Apogona is all that befel the Apostles. Hammond..

the תלדה as

i stofur adino It is replied, that though, to be born, may be used metaphorically for, to produce, it by no means follows that every deriva. tive, as takes the same metaphorical sense as its primitive The text, Prov. xxvii. 1. is in Latin, quid serus vesper vehat; but no one would hence conclude that vectura might be used for eventus. In all the places referred to by Hammond it is only origo. In Gen. ii. 4. v. 1. it is the origin of the world, or of the descendants of Adam, which Moses respectively described. In Gen. xxxvii.vzí he declares, these are the genealogies, which he had recited in the two preceding chapters. With this agree the Editio Francofurt. of the LXX. Vide Bos, and Tromii Concord. both of which annex this first part of v. 2. to the former chapter xxxvi. 44.) It is flat and unmeaning to say abruptly in the midst of a narrative, This is the history, or, These are the events, of the man's life. The want of strict regularity in the context, as Esau's descendants intervene, does not warraut Aben-Ezra in changing the constant import of thodelah (see the Concordances) to casus or eventus. Inướ is used in the same sense of origin in Homer. Iliad. . 246. Le Clerc ad loc. ét ad Gen. xxxvii. 2.

Thus Whitby: Bios yeveres is the narrative or rehearsal, as the Syriac wellexpresses it, of the generation or birth of Jesus: for, though yevious is elsewhere of that latitude to comprise the history of our Lord's life, it is here restrained to the birth of Christ, by the paral lel phrase Gen. v. 1. dumn * Bichos yes, by the design of the Apostle to describe his descent from David and Abraham; and by v. 18. which after this narrative shows the manner of his birth: " Now yes, his birth, was in this wise." Whitby.

Not however that in v. 18. it is yes, but yermoss, from yaza gigno, in all the MSS. and Fathers; except only Dial. iii. de Trinit. inter opera Athan. Mill. ed. Kuster.

Beausobre (i. e. the Prussian Testament, translated into French with Notes by Beausobre and L'Enfant, of which the valuable Introduction and St. Matthew's Gospel were published in English, Cambr. edit. 1790. 8vo.) supports the opinion of Hammond; and gives the texts and criticisms produced by him, including Aben Ezra's on Gen. xxxvii. 2. He adds: This import of yes is confirmed by Judith xii. 18. this day is the most glorious in my whole life,” wapa wãoas tas nuspos ons yeverews μs. And thus St. James, iii. 6. the tongue sets on fire, to po ang yereσews, the whole course of life." Mr. Gilpin coincides with this opinion, stating, that this phrase extends to the life and history of Christ, as in Gen. vi. 9. "these are the generations of Noah" under which title is exhibited his history as well as his family. Gilpin, Exposition of N. Test, note ad loc. So Grotius: Vox Hebræa 7, quæ per year exprimitur, extra originis fines usum suum latè porrigit, ita ut res geste alicujus vocentur . Hellenistis, qui Hebraismos amant sequi, yer at Gen. vi. 9. Num. a. et alibi. Grotius in Luc. in. 23. Yet Grotius ad loc. limits the extent of the phrase in this place to the genealogy, ut supra.

On the whole, it is difficult to say to which scale the balance inelines. Vitringa, Obs. Sacr. lib. 1. dissert. I. pag. 39. understands the phrase as applying to the life of Christ: whilst Doddridge and Macknight restrain it to the present genealogy. And that is perhaps the more prevalent opinion.'

C

We have here only to observe that the Hebrew word

תילדות is in this note, four times miswritten תולדות

Several other mistakes of this kind occur in the work: which, however, are not of great importance to the English reader: but we shall mark some of them at the end of this article.

The second specimen which we shall give is the note on Matthew vi. 11.

V. II. -our daily bread. The word; is not known to exist except in this passage in the N. Test. To determine its import and derivation has found full employment for the critics. Some de.. rive it from επιδόσεις "future, or to-morrow's bread;" others from and 2, "sufficient bread."

Grotius, observing first, that supersubstantialis, as in the Vulgate, cannot properly be expressed by this word; for in composition has not the import of us, as gown; and that before a vowel the iota is cut off, as sides in the Platonists; insists, that the word cannot be derived grammatically, except from Tz, dies posterus, Ambr, the coming or succeeding day: that this is strongly, confirmed by Jerom's finding, crastinus, in the Nazarene Hebrew (So Pere Simon; this Hebrew word meaning "of to-mor row," and thence, every day,' Luke. Vulg. quotidianum, resolves all doubts. Hist. Crit. N. Test. part i. c. vii.) Further, that extends to all the future time of life, as Exod. xiii. 14. xix. 10. Josh. iv. 6. Prov. xxvii. 1.; and thus augio, Luke xiii. 33. and 8, to a regular future support for that time: but to show our trust in God, this support is asked, and to be given in future. daily portions; da saltem diurna;-Grotius. So Lightfoot, and Scapula ad voc. So Caninius apud Bowyer-"To-morrow's bread." So Le Clerc; is advento, immineo, " bread of the coming day."

Beza, on the contrary, with Mede and Toup, derives the word, not from E, as the Greeks form, dies alterum proximè consequens, Acts xvi. 11. "bread for to-morrow;" which is very forced, notwithstanding Jerom's account of finding that sense in the Nazarene Hebrew Gospel; nor is it and 8, in the sense of supersubstantialis, as the Vulgate, "spiritual bread of the future. life," which is inconsistent with go and xx9' uspar in the context; but he derives it from and, as the LXX forms, rendering it with the scholiasts in pa, or with. St. Basil in Ascet. def. 242. προς την εφημέραν ζωήν τη εσία ημών χρησιμεύονται, sufficient for our support in the present life." Prov. xxx. 8, To this agrees the Syriac panem necessarium, the bread we have need of. Beza, And thus Mede. As the LXX forms from περιεσίας over being,' superfluity; the adject. ; thus Exod. xix. 5. a peculiar people,' is LXX λno; wipicios, a people, mine in a degree above

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