have reconciled us to the Father. Desirous of proving to us, that He had propitiated the Father, He straightways sent unto us the gift of reconciliation; for when enemies become reconciled and united together, friendly greetings and gifts immediately follow the reconciliation. We sent up faith, and received the gift of the Spirit; we offered obedience, and received justification." He afterwards brings forward proofs of the continued operation of the Holy Spirit in the Church: "Were not the Holy Spirit present, we could not name Jesus, Lord; for no man can say that Jesus is the Lord, but by the Holy Ghost.' Were not the Holy Spirit present, we, who believe, could not call upon God, nor say, 'Our Father, which art in heaven.' For as we cannot call Jesus, Lord; neither can we call God our Father, but by the Holy Ghost. For the same Apostle saith: because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the spirit of His Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father.' When therefore ye call God, Father, remember, that ye have obtained the gift of thus addressing Him, through the operation of the Holy Spirit within your souls. Were not the Holy Spirit present, the gifts of wisdom and of knowledge would not be granted to the Church; for to one is given by the Spirit the word of wisdom, to another the word of knowledge by the same Spirit.' Were not the Holy Spirit present, there would be no pastors nor teachers in the Church,

over the which

the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers.' Were not the Holy Spirit present, the Church would not endure. If, therefore, the Church endure, it is a proof that the Holy Spirit is present."

He often preached twice in the week, probably on Sunday and on the Sabbath, Saturday,-which was in many Eastern Churches appointed for the assembling of the congregation. He occasionally preached at break of day, an hour which was perhaps chosen in consequence of the great heat. Bishop Flavian appears to have acknowledged, and availed himself of the superior attainments of Chrysostom. On one occasion, after the Bishop in a few

had commenced; and on another occasion, when he had intended to preach a shorter discourse,-upon observing, that notwithstanding the length at which he had spoken, the sympathy of his flock, instead of decreasing, continued to augment, he was induced, contrary to his original design, still further to enlarge upon the subject.

In the second year of Chrysostom's ministry an event took place which spread confusion and dismay throughout Antioch, and at the same time manifested the influence which he possessed over his flock. In the year A.d. 387, one of those imperial decrees, which frequently in that age of despotism oppressed the cities of the Roman empire, exacted from the Antiochians taxes to all appearance impossible to be raised. A general alarm was excited and the irritation of the people was increased by the severity of the tax-gatherers. Citizens of all classes, from the highest to the lowest, hastened to the churches, and implored the Almighty for deliverance. They then assailed the Imperial governor with complaints and entreaties. No redress being obtained, an insurrection took place, which, as Chrysostom and many of his contemporaries maintain, originated in a small number of strangers, collected together from different countries, and actuated by wantonness or a desire of gain. An application to the Bishop was frequently made by the citizens in similar calamities, and by this means relief was sometimes obtained. At first the discontented sought in the church the Bishop Flavian, in order probably to procure a diminution of the taxes through his representations to the Emperor at Constantinople. Not finding him, they threatened to storm the house of the governor. Enraged, they hastened to the market-place, tore down the statues of the Emperor, of the Empress, and of the young Princes, Arcadius and Honorius; and insulted and reviled them with songs. The more distinguished citizens, who composed the senate, and administered the general government of the city, ventured not even to make the attempt of appeasing

the rage of the multitude: they themselves had reason to fear the anger of the people, and were compelled to seek concealment. This superior class found itself in the most embarrassing situation. Impoverished and deprived of many of their privileges by the tyranny of the government, they were called upon to exercise the same authority over the city, as in the days of their former prosperity and opulence, and even to support greater burthens. The people vehemently demanded of them assistance and relief, which they were incapable of affording; and the Imperial government made them responsible for the insurrection of the people, which they could neither prevent nor suppress.

All

The incensed populace had already set fire to the house of the most distinguished citizen, when a body of soldiers, which had been previously expected, arrived and repulsed them. The rebellion was in a short time put down. those who were taken in the act of crime, of every sex and age, were immediately condemned and executed by order of the governor, who dreaded the displeasure of the Emperor. But this was not enough: the violent temper of Theodosius was well known, and an insurrection, in which the busts of the imperial family had been insulted, was sufficient in those days to call down ruin upon a whole city. Messengers were dispatched to Constantinople to report the events which had taken place, and to demand instructions from the Emperor. Until his final decision became known at Antioch, the most painful fluctuations of hope and fear prevailed. It behoved the preacher of the Gospel to take this changing mood into. consideration. Chrysostom had frequently reproved the frivolous and wicked disposition of those idlers, who spent the greatest part of their time in the theatre, and had taken the most active part in this insurrection. He had often required from the Antiochians not to tolerate that sacrilegious feeling, which discovers itself in the profanation of every thing sacred, and in a brutal indifference towards the higher concerns of life. It was remarkable,

had commenced; and on another occasion, when he had intended to preach a shorter discourse,-upon observing, that notwithstanding the length at which he had spoken, the sympathy of his flock, instead of decreasing, continued to augment, he was induced, contrary to his original design, still further to enlarge upon the subject.

In the second year of Chrysostom's ministry an event took place which spread confusion and dismay throughout Antioch, and at the same time manifested the influence which he possessed over his flock. In the year A.D. 387, one of those imperial decrees, which frequently in that age of despotism oppressed the cities of the Roman empire, exacted from the Antiochians taxes to all appearance impossible to be raised. A general alarm was excited and the irritation of the people was increased by the severity of the tax-gatherers. Citizens of all classes, from the highest to the lowest, hastened to the churches, and implored the Almighty for deliverance. They then assailed the Imperial governor with complaints and entreaties. No redress being obtained, an insurrection took place, which, as Chrysostom and many of his contemporaries maintain, originated in a small number of strangers, collected together from different countries, and actuated by wantonness or a desire of gain. An application to the Bishop was frequently made by the citizens in similar calamities, and by this means relief was sometimes obtained. At first the discontented sought in the church the Bishop Flavian, in order probably to procure a diminution of the taxes through his representations to the Emperor at Constantinople. Not finding him, they threatened to storm the house of the governor. Enraged, they hastened to the market-place, tore down the statues of the Emperor, of the Empress, and of the young Princes, Arcadius and Honorius; and insulted and reviled them with songs. The more distinguished citizens, who composed the senate, and administered the general government of the city, ventured not even to make the attempt of appeasing

the rage of the multitude: they themselves had reason to fear the anger of the people, and were compelled to seek concealment. This superior class found itself in the most embarrassing situation. Impoverished and deprived of many of their privileges by the tyranny of the government, they were called upon to exercise the same authority over the city, as in the days of their former prosperity and opulence, and even to support greater burthens. The people vehemently demanded of them assistance and relief, which they were incapable of affording; and the Imperial government made them responsible for the insurrection of the people, which they could neither prevent nor

suppress.

The incensed populace had already set fire to the house of the most distinguished citizen, when a body of soldiers, which had been previously expected, arrived and repulsed them. The rebellion was in a short time put down. All those who were taken in the act of crime, of every sex and age, were immediately condemned and executed by order of the governor, who dreaded the displeasure of the Emperor. But this was not enough: the violent temper of Theodosius was well known, and an insurrection, in which the busts of the imperial family had been insulted, was sufficient in those days to call down ruin upon a whole city. Messengers were dispatched to Constantinople to report the events which had taken place, and to demand instructions from the Emperor. Until his final decision became known at Antioch, the most painful fluctuations of hope and fear prevailed. It behoved the preacher of the Gospel to take this changing mood into consideration. Chrysostom had frequently reproved the frivolous and wicked disposition of those idlers, who spent the greatest part of their time in the theatre, and had taken the most active part in this insurrection. He had often required from the Antiochians not to tolerate that sacrilegious feeling, which discovers itself in the profanation of every thing sacred, and in a brutal indifference towards the higher concerns of life. It was remarkable,