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Hill-Masterly retreat of Lafayette-Its importance-Anxiety of
Gen. Washington-Lafayette's affection-Death of his daughter-
Letter thereon-The domestick and social virtues commended.
CHAPTER IX.
71
The British army evacuates Philadelphia-Pursuit by the Americans
-Lee and a majority of officers oppose an attack-Lafayette con-
eurs with Washington, Greene, and others, in favour of it-Lee
declines the command of the advanced corps-Conferred on La-
fayette His instructions-Yields to Lee's solicitations-Vacilla-
ting conduct of Lee-Battle of Monmouth-Arrival of the French
fleet, under Count D'Estaing-It repairs to Newport-Gratification
of Lafayette-Is appointed to co-operate with his countrymen-
Gen. Greene sent to participate in the command-Correspondence
of Washington and Lafayette on the occasion.
CHAPTER X.
81
Operations at Newport-Plans disconcerted-Displeasure of Count
D'Estaing-British fleet appears-Engagement between the French
and English fleets-Separated by a storm-The French fleet re-
turns to Boston--Indignation and misunderstanding occasioned
thereby-Lafayette acts as mediator-Repairs to Boston--Harmo-
ny restored-Action at Newport-Lafayette's hasty return to par-
ticipate in it-The "Retreat of Rhode Island"-Lafayette's servi-
ces on the occasion appreciated-Resolution of Congress-Appro-
batory letter of Washington.
CHAPTER XI.
89
Lafayette watches the enemy on Rhode Island-New difficulties be-
tween the French and Americans-Reconciled by Lafayette-His
anxiety for more active operations-Projects for that purpose-
Canada expedition discouraged by Washington-Lafayette decides
to visit France-Insulting language of the British Commissioners
-Lafayette resents it, and proposes challenging Lord Carlisle-
Gen. Washington and Count D'Estaing endeavour to dissuade him
therefrom-Challenge sent and declined-Lafayette prepares for
his
voyage-Correspondence with Gen. Washington and Congress.
-Grateful testimonials and acknowledgments-Lafayette leaves.
Philadelphia for Boston-His dangerous illness at Fishkill-attend-.
ed by Doct. Cochrane-Kindness of Gen. Washington - Visit of Dr.
Thatcher-Lafayette recovers-Takes leave of Washington, and
pursues his journey-His eloquent tribute to the character of Wash.
ington-Detention at Boston--The proposed Canada expedition
finally rejected by Congress-Lafayette's farewell letters to General
Washington--Sails for France.
CHAPTER XII.
99:
The voyage-Incidents and dangers-Storm-Vessel dismasted-
Conspiracy of the crew-Its suppression-Arrival at Brest-Lafay
ette's feelings-His cordial reception-At Versailles-Affected. dis..
pleasure of the king-Ludicrous vindication of royal prerogative-
Lafayette in temporary exile-The queen's curiosity to see him—
His liberation-Gracious reception at court-Becomes the lion of
the day--Remembers the patriots of America-Patronised by the
queen-Her admiration of Washington-Count de Vergenne: -La-
fayette negotiates for aid to America-Proposed descent up on the
English coast-Paul Jones-Correspondence with- Exp dition
abandoned-Preparations for an invasion of England, by Spain and
France-Lafayette advances money for America- Offers to pledge
his fortune-Plans for hiring vessels-For a loan--Letter of Wash-
ington - To Franklin-Lafayette's correspondence with Gen. Wash-
ington and the President of Congress.
CHAPTER XIII.
109
Lafayette continues his efforts in behalf of America-Prohibited by
Congress from asking the aid of land forces--On his own responsi
bility, solicits from the French ministers a naval armament, money,
clothing, and a large body of auxiliary troops-His plan for the expe-
dition-Urges immediate action-Sword from Congress, presented
by Dr. Franklin-Description of it--Letter of Dr. Franklin-La-
fayette's reply-Letters to Gen. Washington and President Law.
rens-Abandonment of the expedition against England-Summa-
ry of the campaign of 1779, in America-Renewed efforts of La-
fayette-Finally successful-Plan of the expedition agreed upon-
Stipulations honourable to the Americans-Lafayette's instructions
from the French Government-Sails again for America. 120
CHAPTER XIV.
Lafayette arrives at Boston-- Letter to Gen. Washington-Joy at his
return-Repairs to Head-quarters-His reception -Visits Philadel-
phia-Welcomed by Congress--Plans for future operation-De.
plorable state of the army and country-Efforts of Washington,
seconded by Lafayette-Patriotick exertions of the ladies of Phila
delphia-Liberal subscription of Lafayette-Arrival of the French
fleet-Lafayette commissioned to meet it-Authorized to confer with
the French admiral and general-Negotiations and correspondence
--Zeal and perseverance-Plans of attack-Causes of embarrass-
ment and delay-Approbation of Washington. 127
CHAPTER XV.
Lafayette returns to Head-quarters-His favourite command of Light
Infantry-His liberality to it-Thatcher's description of-Anxious
for the attack of New York-Correspondence with Count Rocham.
beau-The Count offended-Lafayette's explanations-Admonitory
letter of Count Rochambeau-Lafayette accompanies Gen. Wash-
ington to Hartford-Interview between the American and French
*commanders-Return to West Point-Treason of Arnold-Its de-
tection-Arrest of Andre-Lafayette's account of these events-
One of the Board of Officers which tried Andre-Concurs in the
expediency of his execution.
138
CHAPTER XVI.
Lafayette's continued anxiety, and projects, for active employment--
The Chevalier de Chastellux-His visit to the American camp-To
Lafayette's encampment-Opinion of Washington and Lafayette-
Attack on York Island abandoned-Lafayette's favourite corps
disbanded-He repairs to Philadelphia-Proposes to join the south-
ern army-Change in the French ministry-New hopes inspired—
Mutiny of the Pennsylvania and New Jersey soldiers-Lafayette's
return to Head-quarters-Its object-Mission of Col. Laurens to
France-Letters of Lafayette-To Count de Vergennes-To Ma-
dame Lafayette.
CHAPTER XVII.
145
Arnold in Virginia-Contemplated expedition for his capture-Lafay-
ette assigned to the command of a southern detachment-His pre-
parations and rapid progress-Intended co-operation of the French
fleet-Action between the French and English fleets-The enemy's
fleet gains possession of the Chesapeake Bay-Lafayette retires-
Visit to the mother of Washington-Arrives with his forces at the
Head of Elk-Meets the orders of Gen. Washington to repair with
his detachment to Virginia-Sufferings, discontent and mutiny of
the soldiers-Lafayette suppresses the mutiny, and borrows money
to relieve the wants of the soldiers-Their devotion to him-Leave
to return-Declined by Lafayette-His rapid march-Reaches Rich-
mond in advance, and to the astonishment, of Phillips and Arnold---
Commencement of the Virginia campaign-Lafayette's vigilance
and prudence-IIis account of events-Death of Gen. Phillips-
Command devolves on Arnold-Lafayette refuses to correspond
with him-Approval of Gen. Washington.
CHAPTER XVIII.
155
Cornwallis arrives in Virginia-His force-That of Lafayette-Lafay
yette at Richmond-Secures the valuable property-Letter to Gen.
Washington-Cornwallis advances upon Richmond-Lafayette
compelled to retreat-His rapid and skillful movements-Letters to
Greene and Washington-Baffles Tarleton-Junction with Wayne's
detachment-Outgenerals Cornwallis-Gains a strong position be..
tween the enemy and the magazines at Albemarle-Cornwallis
retreats-Lafayette becomes the assailant-His account of an action
-Cornwallis continues his retreat-Action at Jamestown-The
enemy retreat to Portsmouth-Indications of their intention to
embark-Lafayette is anxious to join the northern army-Corres-
pondence on the subject with Gen. Washington-Hints of import-
ant operations-A French squadron expected-Junction of the
French and American armies-Washington announces important
matters to Lafayette-Enjoins him to a vigilant watch of the ene.
my-Mode of compliance-The enemy embark-Pass up the bay—
Commence fortifications-Lafayette becomes satisfied to remain in
Virginia-Informed of the destination of the French squadron-
Correspondence with Washington-Enjoined to prevent the enemy's
retreat-Continued vigilance-System of Espionage-Morgan, the
pretended deserter.
CHAPTER XIX.
166
Gen. Washington, with the combined armies, resolves to march to
Virginia-Injunctions to Lafayette renewed and complied with-
Cornwallis held in a position favourable to Lafayette's plans and
wishes-The fleet of Count de Grasse arrives in the Chesapeake
-Lafayette in command of the combined forces-Blockades Corn-
wallis, by sea and land-Impatience of Count de Grasse and Gen.
St. Simon-Urge Lafayette to attack Cornwallis-He refuses--
Sacrifices ambition, and glory, to duty and discretion-A Brit-
ish fleet appears off the Chesapeake-Count de Grasse sails-Meets
and disperses them-Gen. Washington and Count Rochambeau
arrive at Williamsburg-Interview with the French admiral-De
Grasse promises to co-operate-Changes his mind-Resolves to sail
for the West Indies-Mission of Lafayette, to dissuade him from
it-Its success-The French and American armies arrive-General
Washington in command-Siege of Yorktown commenced-Gen.
Rochambeau's account of it-Lafayette storms and carries a re-
doubt-Capitulation and surrender-Lafayette's deportment-Vin-
dicates the Americans-Offers to join General Greene-Resolves to
visit France-Takes leave of his brave corps-Complimentary re-
solves of Congress-Approbatory letters of Counts de Segur and
de Vergennes-Farewell letters of Washington-Lafayette bids
adieu to Washington and sails for France His military services
in America terminated-Their value-Estimate of the Virginia
campaign—Gen. Lee's opinion-Testimony of Mr. Madison. 180
CHAPTER XX.
Lafayette received with enthusiasm in France-His continued devo-
tion to the American cause--Letters of Washington-Approbatory
resolutions of Virginia-Negotiations for peace-Formidable pre
parations for a new campaign-The treaty finally signed-Lafay-
ette sends the ship Triumph to America, with the first news of peace
-Deterred from accompanying it, by diplomatick difficulties at
Madrid-Repairs to that city, and procures the acknowledgment
by Spain of M. Carmichael-Desire and intention of revisiting.
America-Invitation to General Washington--Madame Lafayette
unites in it-Washington's letter to Madame Lafayette Lafayette
embarks for, and arrives in, America-His reception- Meeting with
Gen. Washington-Return to the north-Liberality to Matthew
Carey-Ascends the Hudson-Is present at an Indian treaty-Re.....
turns to the south-Reception by the Legislature of Virginia-Reso-
lution and address of Congress-Lafayette's reply-Affectionate
farewell letter from Gen. Washington-Embarks from New York-
Arrives safely in France. 196
CHAPTER XXI.
Lafayette's official connexion with America terminates -He enters up-
on another field of action-Continues to serve America-Visits the
courts of Germany-Reception by the Emperour Joseph and Fred-
erick the Great-His liberal principles confirmed-Plans for eman.
cipating the blacks from slavery-Purchases an estate at Cayenne
for that purpose-His views approved by Gen. Washington-Their
nature and extent-For gradual, not sudden, emancipation-Fa-
vours the French Protestants-The bust of Lafayette, presented by
the State of Virginia, through Mr. Jefferson, to the municipality
of Paris-Is placed, with imposing ceremonies, in the Hotel de
Ville. 206
CHAPTER XXII.
The French Revolution-Its causes-Preliminary events-Louis XVI
-Maurepas-Assembly of Notables-Lafayette a member of it-
His propositions for reform-The States General convened-Its
character-Lafayette a deputy-Dissentions of the orders-The
commons constitute themselves the National Assembly-The king
sides with the privileged orders-Doors of the Assembly closed-
The members repair to the Tennis Court-Take an oath-Last
"bed of justice"-Speech of Mirabeau-Lafayette, with forty liberal
nobles, joins the commons-The three orders unite-Lafayette pro-
poses a Declaration of Rights-First insurrection in Paris-Lafay-
ette Vice-President of the Assembly-Destruction of the Bastile-
Deputation to the Hotel de Ville-Bailly chosen Mayor of Paris-
Lafayette commander of the civick guards-Receives the king in
Paris-Organizes the National Guards-Institutes the tri-coloured
cockade-His character and influence at this period-Endeavours
to preserve tranquillity-Indignant at popular excesses-Threatens
to resign-Persuaded to continue in command-Refuses compensa-
tion for his services-Feudal privileges abolished-Declaration of
rights adopted. 211
CHAPTER XXIII.
Intrigues and duplicity of the queen and court-Projected removal of
the king-Mad military banquet at Versailles-Fearful insurrec-
tion of the 6th of October-Mob of women assail the palace-La-
fayette resists the popular fury-Repairs to Versailles-Defends
the palace-Saves the lives of the royal family-Reconciles the
king and queen to the populace-The royal family remove to
Paris-Guarded by Lafayette-New projects of agitation and flight
Counteracted by Lafayette-Transmits to Gen. Washington a
drawing and key of the Bastile-Volunteer oath of the King to sus-
tain the constitution-Abolition of titles-Death of Franklin-
Eulogium of Mirabeau-Motion of Lafayette-Anniversary of
the 14th July-Federation of the Champ-de-Mars-Lafayette the
champion of the day-The oath--Grand review of the National
Guards-Monitory address of Lafayette-Reply of the deputies. 225
CHAPTER XXIV.
Empty pageant and professions--The factions-Lafayette endeavours
to reconcile them-Counter disturbances-Lafayette suppresses