into effect. It is to be formed from Portsmouth to very bad. At half past three they reached Mansuri. Croydon, and by means of the Croydon and Grand Nothing remains to preserve the scite of the place Surry Canals to communicate with the river Thames except the tomb of a Sheik. On their arrival they found at Rotherhithe. A subscription is immediately to be their tents pitched at the foot of a high mountain, but opened for raising a capital of £800,000 in shares of found also that Mr. Pepper had been robbed at el 100 each. It deserves to be remembered that one Brach by a number of Arabs, who came down from of the greatest works ever attempted at private ex- the hills shouting, with their drawn swords; demandpense in any country, the West-India docks at Black-ing a hundred dollars, and threatening the lives both wall, was begun and finished during the last war, the of the lieutenant, and Mr. Hughes, if they refused. most expensive and burdensome that ever any nation Upon this, one of the Doolahs came up, and beat waged. the Arabs with a stick. When the Sheik was acquainted with this transaction, he dispatched some sepoys, who went in quest of the robbers, and just as Sir Home arrived, every thing taken had been returned. This Sheik was a resolute and active man. Notwithstanding this behaviour of the Arabs, our correspondent is of opinion, "that there is not any real danger to be apprehended from them, since there is no instance known of their having committed violence on the person of a stranger, unless where the resistance made was so formidable as to endanger their own safety. They are induced to adopt these nefarious practices from their extreme penury, which their inherent idleness prevents them from relieving by more honourable means."

The only melancholy circumstance in the situation of the British empire is the state of Ireland. Accounts from that country give every reason to suppose that the people would be mischievous if they durst. Numerous appearances are exhibited of a spirit of commotion. The minds of the people, however, are under coercion, from the knowledge of the force which is in the country. And measures we trust will be found to reconcile them to their duty, and restore them to usefulness, to themselves, and to their country.

Our cruisers are vigilant, and successful against the ships of our enemies. No instance of such importance as to deserve particular notice has occurred. A loss of a considerable amount has been sustained in the capture of the King George, Lisbon packet, which had a considerable quantity of diamonds on board.

From intelligence received by the late over-land express from Bombay, it happily appears that the differences subsisting between our people and the Mahratta powers are likely to be terminated amicably. Our troops had been on the point of marching, under the command of General Stewart, but a negociation had been opened; every measure of conciliation had been adopted; and Holkar had manifested a disposition to refer the matter in dispute between him and the Peishwa, to other powers competent to decide on the occasion.

A new regulation of considerable consequence has been introduced at the post-office. The persons employed to collect the letters which had not been placed in the receiving offices, who did not always very correctly perform their duty, are each furnished with a box, the key of which remains at the post-office, and of which the top is so constructed as to slip the letters through when received. In this manner they are disposed of as securely as if they were placed in the postoffice itself, and every chance of loss, either from secreting or negligence, is prevented.

Sir Home Popham's Embassy.-Continued from
Page 125.

From el Brack our travellers descended a very steep rugged road, at the bottom of which flowed an excellent stream of water. Here they alighted, and for a few Kamershes procured some goat's milk, which they then considered, after their fatigue, a most delicious beverage. The crowd that followed them was very numerous, and from the few huts that appeared their numbers were astonishing. Their route next lay through a number of fields of Jewarry and Kush-cust; the adjacent country seemed to be fertile, and in tolerably good cultivation, but the roads continued

At half past five, on the morning of the seventh of August, the cavalcade renewed its march, having previously sent forward the breakfast tents very early. After passing through several cultivated fields, with a good road for part of the way, they arrived at Rehaba, distant 6 miles from Mansuri. They thence passed through el Arab for two miles over an hilly country and rugged road, to Dorehat, which they reached by nine o'clock. The ambassador was met at a little distance from the tents, by Sheik Ibn Aklar, mounted on a beautiful charger, who had already sent so friendly a letter; attended by about 400 of his troops, who were drawn up very irregularly, and shouted in a most tumultuous manner; it was however intended as a compliment. After mutual civilities had passed, the Sheik took his leave, but returned to Sir Home's tent, just as he was going to breakfast. The attendants of the Sheik rather resembled a troop of banditti, than regular troops. The hire of the ground being ascertained, and two wells set apart for the English, the Sheik again went away, and soon sent some Honey and Ghee, as a present; having before presented them with a number of pomegranates, and several sheep.-During great part of the day the tents were covered with locusts, in such quantities as to darken the air: when the rains fail the Arabs have recourse to them as food.

Dorebat is a small miserable village, situated in a valley formed by two high hills; on the summit of one of them are seen the ruins of a castle. This village is situated in the district belonging to Sheik Ibn Aklar, whose authority extends from Orash to Rhobai, eight miles distant from Dorebat. He resides at a short distance from the latter village, among the mountains, and in a house of a tolerable appearance: but being desirous, as he said, to remain near Sir Home during his stay, the Sheik took up his abode on one of the above hills in a wretched hovel built with stone. Sir Home sent him by Mr. Hughes, two pair of shawls,

a fowling-piece, and 200 Venetians. In the evening (A) during dinner, the Sheik called again, and said, that he was going to place a guard of 200 men about the tents. At eight the Arabs beat their small kind of kettle drum, called tom, tom, and fired a gun. One of them also proclaimed from the Sheik's residence, that care was to be taken of their good friends the English.

:

The situation of the English now became very unpleasant: as they were detained under a false pretence, it was evident the Sheik had some object in view, and the hypocrisy of his former friendship more clearly appeared. In order to have the whole speedily ascertained, Sir Home sent to the Sheik his head Mocha Man, who had just joined company, by the Doolah's express orders, to protect the embassy who brought The whole behaviour of this Sheik appeared so back word, that the Arab expected an equivalent for open and manly, that our countrymen congratulated the mare and mule; the former he valued at 1000 themselves on having met with an Arab, who could and the latter at 200 dollars. When the Sheik learnt so far divest himself of the illiberal prejudices of his that Sir Home would rather return them, than pay so religion, as to cultivate the esteem of those who were high a price, the wily Arab replied that " he had reof a different persuasion: "We forgot," adds our ceived no orders from the Imaum to allow the ambas correspondent, "or rather did not chuse to give credit sador to pass; that he had incurred a considerable to an observation, which I now believe to be incon-expence by assembling his troops, and wanted money trovertible, that an Arab never shews any extraordinary civility, but with some specific object in view."

his government. Had the Doolah of Mocha, who
must have known it, mentioned this circumstance to
Sir Home, he would in course have sacrificed comfort
to security; and would have gone by the way of
Beit il Fakih. As the embassy was now completely
in the power of an hoary villain, it was resolved to
accede immediately to his demand.
The Mocha
Man was accordingly again sent to him; when it was
settled, that the Sheik should receive 500 dollars, and
the mare and mule to be returned. He also agreed
that the camels should set off, and even promised an
escort; but added, that Sir Home had promised him a
tent, which he expected to have left. This was a most
palpable falsehood; however it was judged expedient
to agree to the demand, and a common tent was
ordered to be left.-It is impossible to conceive any
thing more miserable than the appearance of the
natives; their poverty and insolence kept pace with

to pay them; which if he did not receive he must detain the English until orders came from Sana. This Sheik al Aklan was apparently sixty years of age, was a direct contradiction to what he had previously short, but of a prepossessing countenance, and like asserted, and our countrymen now found out, that most of the noble Arabs, of a much fairer complexion instead of the respectable character they had imagined, than the generality of the natives. Having expressed he had been formerly a prisoner at Sana for the a wish to see the Sepoys exercised, who attended on crime of extortion he was now meditating to repeat; Sir Home, they were drawn out early for that pur-whence he had only been a few months released, and pose (August 8) and apparently afforded him satisfac-sent at the particular intercession of his friends, to tion. He afterwards breakfasted with the ambassador, Mr. Hughes read to him in Arabic that part of Niebur, which gives an account of the Sheik's father, and their district: he appeared much pleased with it, and to be flattered with the idea of having his name recorded in history, when Sir Home told him that his kind behaviour to the English should be noticed, The Sheik expressed a wish to look at a watch; upon which one was given with Turkish characters; he then took leave greatly pleased, and apparently in high good humour; leaving every one still more confirmed in an opinion of his goodness, and sincerity. Soon afterwards he sent Sir Home a present of a very beautiful grey mare, and a mule, which was considered as very handsome on his part, since the Arabs seldom give away, or even sell their mares. In the afternoon the camels were sent forward with the breakfast tents; and it was the intention of Sir Home to have followed at day-break: when, to his utter astonishment, the Sheik sent positive injunctions to the head camel driver not to move without his permission; adding, that he could not be answerable for the safety of any thing that was sent forward after dark. Sir Home now suspected that the Man had been sent, under the idea of receiving a sum of money, and therefore sent Mr. Hughes to say, 'that ambassadors were not allowed to receive presents: yet as he was unwilling to return any thing that came from the Sheik, begged he would fix a price for it. This the Arab declined, but promised to visit Sir Home in the evening. About this time a fellow came in the most insolent manner to our countrymen, saying, he was sent by the Sheik to receive money for the mare and mule; which he demanded in a peremptory manner : but being told that the Sheik was expected, he immediately ran away.

(A) During the day the thermometer was as follows:
Morning...
740.

During the day....96-98°.

Evening...

76°.

each other.

There is not a man, woman, or child, but is a beggar; yet when they implore charity, they rather employ the tone of highwaymen, than that of suffering poverty: nor do they leave what is to be given to the generosity of strangers, but name a certain sum.

Owing to some mistake the breakfast tents were not sent on until four o'clock in the morning of the ninth (1) of August; and as our countrymen were still suspicious of the Sheik's intentions, they waited until all the tents were struck, and the camels loaded, when they moved off in a body. About eight o'clock the embassy moved forward, and passing by Huzejah, Beni Salah noted for innumerable bee hives, Hagda, Salame, and Romade, they arrived at Rhobai, where they found a reservoir of water, and beheld the castle of Kahre situated on an high rock just above the city of Taes. The road from Rhobai was very bad, and at half past twelve they arrived at Kerra, eleven (B) Thermometer Morning, 75, During the day 890-930% Evening 76°.

any

his

triotic and commendable zeal to combat the prejudices of countrymen against the introduction of sheep of the Spanish breed, has published a very valuable work on that subject under the title Histoire de l'introduction des moutons à laine fine d'Espagne dans les divers états de l'Eu-· rope et au Cap de Bonne-Espérance, &c.' Among a variety of interesting matter this work contains an instructive account of the attempts made in France from 1721 to the present time to introduce the Spanish breed, of the results more or less successful with which these attempts have been attended, of the establishments made for that the park of Versailles, and of the school for shepherds at Alford, organized under the direction of citizen Godine,

miles distant. The country they had passed through appeared in a better state of cultivation, than they had yet seen; it produced Kush Kust, Indian Corn, and worry. The Shok was very civil, and even moderate in his demands: he presented Sir Home with a bullock, some grapes, peaches, mangoes, and pomegranates; but after the farce of the grey mare, the latter was resolved to purchase what he wanted, and to receive no more presents. The only vegetable to be procured was cucumbers, which were remarkably fine, and superior to those in Eng-purpose at Rambouillet, Pompadour, Perpignan, and in land. Kerra is a small paltry village, situated in a fine open country. Its climate is rendered temperate by refreshing rains which fall very heavy, and are deemed salubrious; and our travellers found themselves greatly invigorated by the change they experi

enced from the excessive heat of Mocha. Their expences at Kerra only amounted to 25 dollars; whereas at Dorebat, including presents, and extortions, it cost them 1500. At Kerra, Sir Home received a very polite letter from the Doolah of Taes: saying, that as there was no house in the town sufficiently capacious to receive the embassy, he had ordered a caravansara to be prepared, or, if preferable, that Sir Home would be allowed to encamp without the town. However, during the night, the head cameldriver received a letter from the Sheik or commander of the troops at Taes, forbidding him to conduct a single European into the town: this letter was carried to the second interpreter, who kept the contents to himself, and sent on the breakfast tents.

(To be continued.)

NOTICES.

LITERARY.

A thousand copies of the little patriotic pamphlet, entitled The Warning Drum, have been printed in the Welsh language, to be distributed amongst the hardy Cambrians.

pe

An interesting and curious work, by Mr. Martin, is now printing at Paris, at the press of the elder Didot, entitled"Recherches sur les costumes, les mœurs, les usages religieux, civils, et militaires, des anciens peuples." The editor informs us that he has compiled the work from the most celebrated authors, and from the best monuments of antiquity; that he intended it as a system of examples and precepts for young artists of every description. It is divided into three volumes, the first of which will exhibit the dress of the Romans of every rank and office at all riods of their history; the second will give similar particulars relative to all other ancient nations, in Europe, Asia, and Africa, as well as of the ancient and modern church; and the third, which the editor thinks the most curious and important, will be confined to the several fashions, in the French dresses of every description, from the foundation of the monarchy to the age of Lewis the Fourteenth. The letter-press of the whole will consist of between 900 and 1000 pages, and which will be illustrated by 300 plates, containing more than 2600 figures, each of which will have due reference to the original writer or artist from whose work it is taken. This work, if well executed, will be curious and interesting; but it is rather singular that the editor should confine the third volume to the vicissitudes of fashions in France alone, since it is well known that other European nations had effected more changes in this part of their manners than the French ever did previous to the age

of Lewis the Fourteenth.

Citizen P. Lasteyrie, who continues with a highly pa

junior.

Brive, an "Essai sur l'histoire des fourmis de la France," Citizen A. Latreille, who, as early as 1798, edited at has published a very instructive work on the ants and other insects under the title-Histoire des fourmis, et recueil de mémoires et d'observations sur les abeilles, les araignées, les faucheurs, et autres insectes, &c." The ants are divided by our author into the following nine families:-1. Arcuate; 2. Camellina; 3: Atomariæ; 4. Ambigue; 5. Chelate; 6. Coarctate; 7. Gibbosa; 8. Punctoria; 9. Caperate; he mentions 39 species, described by Fabricius, Olivier, Linnæus, and Burrere, which, having had no opportunity of observing them himself, he has not ventured to class under his families.

The second number of the "Manuel du Musée Fran

çois, avec une description analytique et raisonnée de chaque engraved outlines of celebrated paintings, No. 1 to 16 of tableau," has lately made its appearance. It contains twenty which are after Domenico Zampieri, called Domenichino, and No. 17 to 20, after Leonello Spada.

To such of our readers as are gratified with the perusal of poetry, where the purest moral feelings and sentiments are cloathed in the happiest classical diction of ancient Latium, we are pleased to announce the following work lately published at Utrecht." Hieronymi de Bosch Poe-. mata." They will be able to form some idea of the moral excellence of these poems from the following memorable passage with which the author closes his preface-—“ Habent (mea carmina) peculiarem dotem, ut neminem nomine lædant, de nullius fama detrahant, sed communibus vitiis resistant, ea enim est summa poesios facultas, quod virtutem commendet et homines meliores atque sapientiores reddat."

We have to announce to our readers the extraordinary literary phenomenon of a public library lately established in an island in the South Sea. The name of that island is Kadjak, called Kichtak in Mentelle's beautiful "Carte générale de l'Empire de la Russie," published last year. It belongs to the West-American company at Petersburgh, and forms the principal settlement of that company, whose members have raised by voluntary subscriptions the sum necessary for forming a public library in that island, composed of several thousand Russian and French books, and for establishing a public school, where the children of the native inhabitants are instructed in reading, writing and cyphering.

Mr. C. F. Ruders, a Swedish clergyman, who several years resided at Lisbon, as chaplain to the Swedish embassy, has lately published at Stockholm, "Anmärkningar öfver Portugal," Remarks on Portugal, which throw a considerable light on the present state of literature in that country. Colonel A. F. Skiöldebrand in the Swedish service, author of the " paring for the press, a Natural History of Lapland, a work Voyage pittoresque au Cap Nord," is prewhich bids fair to be the more interesting and instructive as there exists at present no satisfactory account of the natural

productions of that country, excepting, with regard to those of the vegetable kingdom, the Flora Lapponica, published at Amsterdam in 1737, one of the juvenile labours of the great Linnæus.

thorace planiusculo, elytris striatis punctatis, spatio inter jecto punctis_impressis."-" Scarabaus Burdigalensis, scutellatus, ater, thorace inermi, capite tuberculato, elytris testaceis, fascia media nigra."

Dr. A. A. Lichtenstein, at Helmstadt, has lately pub- Doctor Schneegas at Gotha, author of a valuable work, lished a very valuable work, under the title-" Tentamen "On the Theory of Generation," has been invited to PePalaographic Assyrio-Persicæ, sive simplicis compendiitersburgh by Alexander I. in order to undertake botanical

ad explicandum antiquissima monumenta populorum, qui olim circa median Asiam habitarunt, præsertim vero cuneatas quas vocant inscriptiones, cum tubulis quatuor æri inrisis.” The work is divided into three chapters, the first of which treats, “De scriptura cuncata in genere ;" the second, De singulis monumentorum`cuneatorum formis ;' and the third," De aliis quibusdam Asiaticis monumentis ope alphabetorum cuneatorum illustrandis."

66

Dr. Charles Smidt, at Lilienthal near Breslaw, has lately published a previous notice of his having discovered the powerful substance which produces electricity, and becomes only visible in its most disengaged state, as a spark or flash. A full account of his discovery he intends to publish under the title-" The electric substance (L'Electrique) and its operations in nature."

SCIENTIFIC.

travels in the Russian dominions in Asia. He has accepted the invitation, and intends shortly to set out on his impor tant mission.

We have frequently noticed, in the Literary Journal, the meritorious exertions made by the present Emperor of Russia to improve public instruction, and enlighten all classes of the numerous inhabitants of his vast empire. The following is a correct estimate of the yearly expendi ture of the Russian government under the head of public instruction:

In addition to this sum the Emperor has allowed 25,590 The "Société de Medecine" at Paris, held on the 5th of rubles per annum for extraordinary charges of the Commit April its seventh public sitting, under the direction of tee of public instruction at Petersburgh, and 22,000 rubles Citizen Lafine, President. After Citizen Sedillot, Secre-travelling expences for the commissioners appointed to inspect tary General of the Society, had made the usual report of and examine every year into the state of the universities. the labours of the Institution, and delivered an eulogy on Garnerin, who is at present in Petersburgh, has assumed its deceased members, Allan, Désoteux, and Bichat; seve- the title of 66 Physicien aeronaut du Gouvernement Franral new members were chosen, and prizes adjudged. Duval çois." He gave public notice on the 16th June last, that it read thereupon advices of ancient poets relative to the pre- was his intention to rise on the 20th of that month, for servation of the teeth; Larrey, a brief account of the yel- the purpose of making experiments on electricity and gal low fever; Deschamp, a report of the cure of an Aneurism vanism, with a variety of curious meteorological observa of the artery of the knee-pan by compression; Chaussier, tions, unless the wind should blow from the gulf of Finland, observations on morbid actions; and Heurteloup, fragments or the lake Ladoga, in which case he desired to be excused. of the military surgery of the Grecks. The price of a ticket of admission the modest aeronaut has in his moderation fixed at no higher than 25 rubles, or three guineas. A report is in circulation that in his ascent, electric matter had destroyed the balloon, and that M. Garnerin was dashed to pieces.

13.

For the year 12, the Society has proposed the following prize questions-1. What are the true causes and indications of the traumatic tetanus, and what are the remedies | best calculated to produce a radical cure?-2. What are the indications and causes of the gangrene, especially with respect to the soft parts, and which is the best method of treating that disease? The prize is a gold medal of 300 francs in value. A prize of 1200 francs is also offered by the Society for the best medical and physical topography of Paris, to be delivered before the month of Germinal of the year The mathematical and physical classes of the new organized National Institute of France, have lately published the following list of papers read in the Public Sitting of the 30th June last:-1. Account of the labours of the Institute in the department of natural Science from the 1st Nivose to the 24th Prairial, by Cuvier, perpetual Secretary;-2. Account of the mathematical labours during the same time:-3. Account of the present state of our knowledge with respect to Galvanism, by Viot;-4. A paper on the fibres of the Phormium tenax of New Zealand, compared with flax, hemp, the American aloes, and silk, by Labillardiere;-5. Remarks on stony bodies, said to have fallen from the atmosphere, with the analysis thereof, by Foureroy;— 6. An eulogium of E. S. Jeanrat, by Delambre;-7. A tour to the summit of Mont Perdu, by Ramond, The list is signed by Chaptal, as president, and Delambre and Cavier, as perpetual secretaries.

In the late Sitting of the Academy of Sciences, &c. at Bourdeaux, Citizen Dargelas rad à menoir, containing the description of two new insects found in the environs of that city, which hitherto have not been described by any other entomologist, and which he calls Carobus cancellatus, and Scarabæus Burdigalensis. He characterizes them as follows;--Carolus cancellatus, Car. alatus, ater, nitidus,

The Batavian Academy of Sciences at Haarlem has proposed the following prize-question for the present year:"How far are we advanced in our knowledge of the circu lation or motion of the sap in trees and plants ?"

Baron Carnca-Steffaneo, privy-counsellor, and agent of the Imperial Royal Court in Istria, Dalmatia and Albania, has collected in the course of last year several productions of the fine arts in those countries, and sent them to the Imperial Academy at Vienna, of which a torso of Parian marble, and a Minerva of bronze deserve peculiar notice. The former, found in the ruins of Salonia in Dalmatia, 3 miles north-east of Spalatro, is 7 feet in height, and represents a naked hero, standing and leaning against a tree; the work bespeaks one of the most eminent Greek artists, but is mutilated nearly in the same manner as that in the Vatican. The latter was found on the coast of Dalmatia in the vicinity of Xa Ostrogh, 10 miles from the mouth of the Narenta, and is 8 inches in height. It is a highly finished work in the most elegant Grecian costume, but differs from other statues of Minerva, by holding in the right hand a cup, and the hair being disposed after the fashion still in use among the Illyrian women in Dalmatia.

A Society has lately been established at Paris under the name of "Société de Mesmerisme," whose plan is to examine into the discoveries, made by the celebrated Doctor Mesmer, with regard to animal magnetism, and to ascertain the physiological principles on which they are founded. ERRATUM.—In the last Number, page 162, line 5, for Wilson, read Weston.

SEPTEMBER 16, 1803.

The author, whose work we are just now considerThe History of the Wars which arose out of the French Revolution: To which is prefixed a Review of the ing, has thought it allowable, and he is right, not Causes of that Event. By Alexander Stephens, of above described, but to select any one of these subonly to divide a history into subjects in the manner the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple, Esq.jects, and compose of it a work, without attending to