the laborers now than they formerly did, and they are relieved from a great responsibility."-Joseph Hamilton.

According to the declaration of one of the special magistrates, Barbadoes has long been distinguished for its devotion to slavery." There is probably no portion of the globe where slave-holding, slavedriving, and slave-labor, have been reduced to a more perfect system. The records of slavery in Barbadoes are stained with bloody atrocities. The planters uniformly spoke of slavery as a system of cruelties.

The slaves were not unfrequently worked in the streets of Bridge. town with chains on the wrists and ankles. Flogging on the estates and in the town, were no less public than frequent, and there was an utter shamelessness often in the manner of its infliction. Even women were stripped naked on the sides of the streets, and their backs lacerated with the whip. It was a common practice, when a slave of. fended a white man, for the master to send for a public whipper, and order him to take the slave before the door of the person offended, and flog him till the latter was satisfied. White females would order their male slaves to be stripped naked in their presence and and flogged, while they would look on to see that their orders were faithfully executed. Mr. Prescod mentioned an instance which he himself witnessed near Bridgetown. He had seen an aged female slave, stripped and whipped by her own son, a child of twelve, at the command of the mistress.

Hostility to emancipation prevailed in Barbadoes. That island has always been peculiarly attached to slavery. From the beginning of the anti-slavery agitations in England, the Barbadians distinguished themselves by their inveterate opposition. As the grand result approximated they increased their resistance. They appealed, renonstrated, begged, threatened, deprecated, and imprecated. They continually protested that abolition would ruin the colony-that the negroes could never be brought to work--especially to raise sugarwithout the whip. They both besought and demanded of the English that they should cease their interference with their private affairs and personal property.

From statements already made, the reader will see how great a change has come over the feelings of the planters. If he has followed us, he has seen tranquillity taking the place of insurrections, a sense of security succeeding to gloomy forebodings, and public or der supplanting mob law; he has seen subordination to authority, peacefulness, industry, and increasing morality, characterizing the negro population; he has seen property rising in value, crime lessening, expenses of labor diminishing, the whole island blooming with unexampled cultivation, and waving with crops unprecedented in the memory of its inhabitants; above all, he has seen licentiousness decreasing, prejudice fading away, marriage extending, educa tion spreading, and religion preparing to multiply her churches and missionaries over the land.

These are the blessings of abolition-begun only, and but partially realized as yet, but promising a rich maturity in time to come, after the work of freedom shall have been completed.

We were introduced to the Solicitor-General, WILLIAM HENRY ANDERSON, Esq. of Kingston. Mr. A. is a Scotchman, and has resided in Jamaica for more than six years. We found him the fearless advocate of negro emancipation. He exposed the corruptions and abominations of the apprenticeship without reserve. He says;

"A very material change for the better has taken place in the sentiments of the community since slavery was abolished. Religion and education were formerly opposed as subversive of the security of property; now they are in the most direct manner encouraged as its best sup. port. The value of all kinds of property has risen considerably, and a general sense of security appears to be rapidly pervading the public mind. I have not heard one man assert that it would be an ad. vantage to return to slavery, even were it practicable; and I believe. that the public is beginning to see that slave-labor is not the cheapest. "The prejudices against color are rapidly vanishing. I do not think there is a respectable man, I mean one who would be regarded as respectable on account of his good sense and weight of character, who would impugn another's conduct for associating with persons of color. So far as my observation goes, those who would formerly have acted on these prejudices, will be ashamed to own that they had entertained them. The distinction of superior acquirements still belongs to the whites, as a body; but that, and character, will shortly be the only distinguishing mark recognized among us.

"I think the negroes might have been emancipated as safely in 1834, as in 1840; and had the emancipation then taken place, they would be found much further in advance in 1840, than they can be after the expiration of the present period of apprenticeship, through which all, both apprentices and masters, are laboring heavily."

Trade is now equalizing itself among all classes. A spirit of competition is awakened, banks have been established, steam navigation introduced, rail-roads projected, old highways repaired, and new ones opened. The descendants of the slaves are rapidly supplying the places which were formerly filled by whites from abroad.

We had some conversation with several apprentices, who called on Mr. Bourne for advice and aid. They all thought the apprenticeship very hard, but still, on the whole, liked it better than slavery. They “were killed too bad,”—that was their expression-during slavery— were worked hard and terribly flogged. They were up ever so early and late-went out in the mountains to work, when so cold busha would have to cover himself up on the ground. Had little time to eat, or go to meeting. "Twas all slash, slash! Now they couldn't be flogged, unless the magistrate said so. Still the busha was very hard to them, and many of the apprentices run away to the woods, they are so badly used.

'The actual working of the apprenticeship in Jamaica, was the specific object of our investigations in that island. That it had not operated so happily as in Barbadoes, and in most of the other colonies, was admitted by all parties. As to the degree of its failure, we were satisfied it was not so great as had been represented. There has been nothing of an insurrectionary character since the abolition.

JOHN JAY.

We seek in vain in the page of history for the results of honesty, justice and kindness, as exemplified in the dealings of nation towards nation; or in the conduct of the mighty and powerful towards the defenceless and the weak. It was reserved for England to furnish this missing chapter in the history of the world-this unlimned pic. ture in the Gallery of Time.

Thus will Truth and Justice finally triumph over falsehood and oppression. Their high influence, viewless as the winds, and intan. gible as the magnet's sympathy, wafted from heart to heart, with all the powers of Nature for allies, gathers strength with each setting sun; and the oppressors who, trembling with the presentiment of defeat, attempt to stay the progress of Liberty by fierce resolves, and penal laws, and brutal force, exhibit wisdom akin to that of Xerxes, when he would bind the Hellespont with fetters, and punish it with scourges,

ORVILLE L. HOLLEY.

A black empire is destined to spread over the Caribbean sea, and shelter, under the banner of its power, the long-bound descendants of Africa! Well-let it spread! If there be any truth in the origi nal excuse for bringing negroes to the tropical regions of America, that white men could not cultivate their soil, and live, it will be a fortunate event for agriculture, commerce and humanity; for if the islands yield their products so abundantly to the labor of chained slaves, how much more largely will they repay the cultivation of freemen!

Let it spread for if the horrible slave-trade is ever to be actually abolished, it must be preceded by cutting off the ownership of Eu rope in every territory where white hands cannot, or will not labor. Let it spread-for if old Africa is ever to be civilized-if her parched solitudes are ever to be refreshed by the streams of knowledge, and smile with the green and bloomy growth of intellectual and moral culture-if ever Ethiopia is to "stretch forth her hands to God," and the Sun of Righteousness wheel his bright chariot over the idle realms of that benighted continent, it must all be done through the instru mentality of her American offspring. And it shall be done. The warm-hearted men, whom their brethren sold into bondage, are des. tined yet to supply those brethren with the best of food, from the full granaries of their power, and wealth, and knowledge: the silver cup too shall be sent along, in which to pledge the wine of reconciliation and joy, for the famine shall be removed from the land of their fathers.

ANONYMOUS GIFT OF $2,000, AUGUST 1, 1838.

"One who abhors the sham republicanism of a republic which holds nearly three millions of men, women, and children in slavery -who loathes from the lowest depths of his soul the time-serving, pusillanimous and spurious christianity of churches which refuse to

cry aloud' or even to cry at all against the system which prohibits marriage and the reading of the Bible, and authorizes the trafficking in immortal god-like men, as if they were beasts-and who greatly admires the unflinching courage and christian integrity, and genuine republicanism of the American Anti-Slavery Society, herewith encloses, on this Glorious Anniversary of British emancipation, to the Treasurer of said Society, a gift of TWO THOUSAND DOLLARS."Let ter to James Birney.

HISTORICAL EVIDENCE,

Concerning the Effects of Immediate Emancipation.

WHEN the question of immediate abolition was first started in England, the friends of slavery vociferated nothing more loudly, than the danger of universal insurrection and bloodshed; and nothing took stronger hold of the sympathies and conscientious fears of the people, than these repeated assertions. This is precisely the state of things in our own country, at the present time. We all know that it is not according to human nature for men to turn upon their benefactors, and do violence, at the very moment they receive what they have long desired; but we are so repeatedly told the slaves will murder their masters, if they give them freedom, that we can hardly help believing that, in this peculiar case, the laws of human nature must be reversed. Let us try to divest ourselves of the fierce excitement now abroad in the community, and calmly inquire what is the testimony of history on this important subject.

In June, 1793, a civil war occurred between the aristocrats and republicans of St. Domingo; and the planters called in the aid of Great Britain. The opposing party proclaimed freedom to all slaves, and armed them against the British. It is generally supposed that the abolition of slavery in St. Domingo was in consequence of insurrections among the slaves; but this is not true. It was entirely a measure of political expediency. And what were the consequences of this sudden and universal emancipation? Whoever will take the pains to search the histories of that island, will find the whole colored population remained faithful to the republican party which had given them freedom. The British were defeated, and obliged to evacuate the island. The sea being at that time full of British cruisers, the French had no time to attend to St. Domingo, and the colonists were left to govern theinselves. And what was the conduct of the emancipated slaves, under these circumstances? About 500,000 slaves had instantaneously ceased to be property, and were invested with the rights of men; yet there was a decrease of crime, and every thing went on quiely and prosperously. Col. Malenfant, who resided on the island, says, in his historical memoir: "After this public act of emancipation, the negroes remained quiet both in the south and west, and they continued to work upon all the plantations. Even upon those estates which had been

abandoned by owners and managers, the negroes continued their labor where there were any agents to guide; and where no white men were left to direct them, they betook themselves to planting provisions. The colony was flourishing. The whites lived happy and in peace upon their estates, and the negroes continued to work for them."

General Lacroix, in his memoirs, speaking of the same period, says: "The colony marched as by enchantment towards its ancient splendor; cultivation prospered; every day produced perceptible proofs of its progress."

This prosperous state of things lasted about eight years; and would probably have continued to this day, had not Bonaparte, at the instigation of the old aristocratic French planters, sent an army to deprive the blacks of the freedom which they had used so well. It was the attempt to restore slavery, that produced all the bloody horrors of St. Domingo. Emancipation produced the most blessed effects.

In June, 1794, Victor Hugo, a French republican general, retook the island of Guadaloupe from the British, and immediately proclaimed freedom to all the slaves. They were 85,000 in number, and the whites only 13,000. No disasters whatever occurred in consequence of this step. On the 10th of October, 1811, the congress of Chili decreed that every child born after that day should be free.

In 1821, the congress of Colombia emancipated all slaves who had borne arms in favor of the republic; and provided for the emancipation in eighteen years of the whole slave population, amounting to 900,000.

In September, 1829, the government of Mexico granted immediate and unqualified freedom to every slave. In all these cases, not one instance of insurrection or bloodshed has ever been heard of, as the result of emancipation.

In July, 1823, 30,000 Hottentots in Cape Colony, were emancipated from their long and cruel bondage, and admitted by law to all the rights and privileges of the white colonists. Outrages were predicted, as the inevitable consequence of freeing human creatures so completely brutalized as the poor Hottentots; but all went on peaceably; and as a gentleman facetiously remarked, "Hottentots as they were, they worked better for Mr. Cash, than they had ever done for Mr. Lash."

In the South African Commercial Advertiser of February, 1831, it is stated: "Three thousand prize negroes have received their freedom; four hundred in one day; but not the least difficulty or disaster occured. Servants found masters-masters hired servants-all gained homes, and at night scarcely an idler was to be seen. To state that sudden emancipation would create disorder and distress to those you mean to serve, is not reason, but the plea of all men adverse to abolition."

On the 1st of August, 1834, the government of Great Britain emancipated the slaves in all her colonies, of which she had twenty; seventeen in the West Indies, and three in the East Indies.

The numerical superiority of the negroes in the West Indies is great. In Jamaica there were 331,000 slaves, and only 37,000 whites. By the clumsy apprenticeship system, the old stimulus of the whip was taken away, while the new and better stimulus of wages was not applied. The negroes were aware that if they worked well they