Fab Cainan, ddwyfan ddifeth, Fab DUW ei hun, Gun gwrawl, A oedd gaeth Adda i'w gâr. Droedwyn Fab, dradwy yn fyw; I ddwyn ei daid wiwddawn, dwys, A'r sawl urddasol o'r saint Ag a rodd Duw, a'i geraint. A Duw, Ion y daioni, of the Latin and the Celtic in their source, show that the severed streams have at some period been again partially re-united. While the etymons of trannoeth and tradwy are purely Celtic-traws nos and traws dydd-their forms are more easily derived from the Latin trans noctem and trans diem, espe cially when we bear in mind that the ct of the Latin makes th in the Welsh. While the poet's meaning in this line is tolerably clear, its expression, to say the least, is clumsy. The poem, however, as a whole, is less burdened with difficulties than most of Iolo Goch's effusions. VIII. CYWYDD I'R OFFEREN. O DDUW, am yr hyn oedd dda Iawn waith yw cyffesu 'n wych. Offeren dan nen i ni, Air da iawn, yw 'r daioni; I bawb o'r deunydd y bo; Ai o'r Drindawd ddoethwawd ddwyn, With a text unintelligible in some parts of the poem, it is still impossible to exclude an effusion of Iolo Goch that contains such distinctive characteristics of his faith as the present. In Roman Catholic worship the sacrifice of the Mass (Offeren) holds the most prominent place. Ydwyf. MS. fwyf in the next line. 2Ffair, market', 'fair'. Here it must be taken in the sense of 'profit'. The third, fourth, ninth, and this line are so corrupt as not to be deciphered in the present day. 4 Hoffis, 'office', or Roman Catholic Service'. There are the rhyming with Offices of the Trinity', of the Virgin', and others. Ai o'r Yspryd, glendyd glân : Mawr yw'r gwyrth, ai o'r meirw gwiw; Modd arall, meddai uriad.7 Llawer ar yr Offeren Rhinwedd, medd Mair ddiwair wen: Dyn wrthi Duw a'i nertho; Ni hena, ni fwyglaR fo. A gyrch, drwy orhoff goffa, Os cyfraith, loywfaith heb lid, Yn gymmunol freiniol fry. Dydd, the office of the day', such as saints' days. • Lafer, 'laver', the baptismal font. One MS, has lawer. 1 Cludeirio, 'to heap up', 'to gather together'. 2 Mydr, a metre' in poetry. Here, perhaps, it represents ↑ Uriad, 'elder', and probably a saying'. corruption of henuriad. Ni fwygla; he will not grow lukewarm'. • Yngod, ‘juxta', ‘close by'. a Yn ddisyfyd, suddenly', as in our Litany. • Offeren ennyd; the form is properly ynyd. Sul yny, Shrove Fe wnai 'r Offeren-Fair fwyn- Y mae 'n rhaid tân3 cwyraid caw.9 Da frawd, yn y gwin dwfr ir: A ddoeth gyda'i waed oedd ddain. Sunday'; Mawrth ynyd, Shrove line:-"Y mae yma ryw wall Tuesday'. 5 Pair, a cauldron'. No amount of search has enabled us to elucidate the poet's meaning. Cyspell, propinquity', compactness'. : It would almost appear that, instead of three, as mentioned by the poet, four languages are found in the Mass; but Y Gryw and Groeg are the same. We suspect that the exigencies of his cynghanedd demanded the duplication: Iolo Morganwg has a note on this mawr neu anwybodaeth." 8 Tân, here in the sense of 'light'. • Cwyraid caw. The term caw is used for so many purposes that we need not fear to employ it, in conjunction with cwyraid, as denoting wax lights'. Argylwais. The difficulty of this line is great. Some emendation of the cynghanedd will be : Arglywais gair goleuad. But a better way of meeting the difficulty will, perhaps, be to re |