HOMER'S ILIA D: BOOKS I., II., III. WITH CONCISE NOTES, GRAMMATICAL AND EXEGETICAL; AND A SYNOPSIS OF BUTTMANN'S LEXILOGUS. BY GEORGE B. WHEELER, A. M. EX-SCHOLAR AND SENIOR CLASSICAL MODERATOR, TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN; EDITOR OF MCGLASHAN AND GILL, UPPER SACKVILLE-ST. LONDON: W. S. ORR AND CO., PATERNOSTER-ROW. ADVERTISEMENT. THE text of this edition has been formed on the basis of Dr. Kennedy's Recension, with a few alterations derived from those of Heyne, Nagelsbach, and Spitzner. The utmost brevity, consistent with clearness, has been studied in the composition of the Notes, and where further information appeared requisite, reference has been made to other works. It seemed useless to incumber the page with extracts from writers on transcendental Philology, when the works from which citation must necessarily have been made were, or should be, in the hands of the student ambitious of exploring the depths of that science. Moreover, as each author passed in review, this process of citation should have to be repeated. I have contented myself, therefore, in such cases, with mere statements of results, referring the student who desires further information to Donaldson's "Cratylus," Jelf's "Greek Grammar," and the complete editions of the Iliad by Heyne and Kennedy. Had the nature of the work now presented to the public allowed it, I would gladly have reprinted the disquisition of the last-mentioned editor on the Digamma, and certain other points respecting which scholars are not as yet fully agreed; but as the Treatise in question is easily procurable, it seemed improper to publish it in the form of an abstract, and the rather so, as one of the chief recommendations of the article is its unity. In forming the abstract of Buttmann's Lexilogus, I have chiefly used Fishlake's excellent translation; and my design was by no means to supersede that admirable model of classical criticism, but to facilitate its study. G. B. WHEELER. 29, COLLEGE, June, 1856. ΟΜΗΡΟΥ ΙΛΙΑΔΟΣ ΡΑΨΩΔΙΑ Α. The Poet's Invocation to the Muse, to sing of the anger of Achilles, and its consequences, namely, the disasters of the Greeks and the deaths of their heroes. Μήνιν ἄειδε, θεά, Πηληϊάδεω ̓Αχιλῆος, οὐλομένην, ἣ μυρί 'Αχαιοῖς ἄλγε ̓ ἔθηκεν, πολλὰς δ ̓ ὀφθίμους ψυχὰς Αϊδι προΐαψεν ἡρώων, αὐτοὺς δὲ ἑλώρια τεύχε κύνεσσιν 1. Horace, approving of Homer's general method, Ars Poet. :“Semper ad eventum festinat [Homerus] et in medias res, Non secus ac notas, auditorem rapit: et quæ Desperat tractata nitescere posse, relinquit." μήνιν, here applied to the wrath of Achilles. The word usually (and specially in Herod.) means 'divine wrath' working out its end, (same root as μενεαίνω, mens, μαίν-ομαι). Some render by abiding wrath, comparing "memorem Junonis ob iram." The poet sings of the wrath of Achilles, its disastrous effects, and their cessation by the death of Hector; and this is the Epic unity of the poem. θεά = μοῦσα, not specifically Calliope; Homer does not indicate the names, number, or offices of the Muses. Calliope is first named by Hesiod. 'Αχιλήος, the older form. Later poets doubled the λ metri causa. Similarly Οδυσσεύς changes with Οδυ σεύς. πηληϊάδεω, -δεω pronounced -δω, and this long before a vowel by ictus.—2. οὐλομένην, ‘fatal, ‘disastrous, for ὀλόμενην, ὄλλυμι. μυρι'. The distinction between μυριά, ‘thousand, and μύρια, 10,000, is due only to Schol. 'Αχαιοίς, here used as a general name for all the Greeks. ἄλγε ἔθηκεν. The old form, and certainly the true one, is *Αλγεα θηκε; Ionic omission of augment.—3. δ' ιφθίμους. Salter reads πολλὰς ἐφθίμους, as Homer has constantly Fιφι, Ειφις: but cf. λ'. 373: ̓Αγαστρόφου ιφθίμοιο. μ'. 410, &c., which prove that F fuctuated in the derivative, though constant in the original word. Αϊδι, dat. of old form, ̓Αΐς ="Αιδης unseen king. προΐαψεν, ' sent onwards to. The root seems to be ἰάπτω = ἄπτω, admovere, jacere (from ἴος), usually with meaning 'to injure,' 'hurt.' рo may, after all, have the sense of prematurely, before their time ; cf. πόλιν ̓Αϊδι προϊάψαι, Æsch. vii. C. Τ. 320. Virgil renders by " demittere Orco” (Æn. ix. 527). “Aut διέφθειρειν in gratiam Orci” (H.)—4 αὐτοὺς, ‘their bodies, σώματα, opposed to ψυ χὰς ἑλώρια = Γελώρια, see ε'. 634. ρ'. 667. The root is ἕλω = εἱλέω. 66 B |