champions both able and willing to do battle in behalf of their profession. First and foremost in the ranks of ecclesiastical chivalry, stands the Rev. W. L. Bowles-a name so long and so deservedly esteemed in the literary as well as the religious world; and ably and right manfully is he seconded by Professor Pusey, one of the brightest ornaments of the University of Oxford. Under their attack, not only our open enemies, but our reputed friends, are mere pigmies: their utter shallowness--their ill-concealed malignity-their total ignorance of all that they profess to be well acquainted with, are held up to ridicule and contempt; and we much doubt if they will again venture to appear in the character of Reformers-except they may have learnt wisdom by this exposure of the fallacy of their pretensions, and seriously set about reforming themselves. They may do very well for masters of Chancery or honorary masters of arts, but as for being masters of any thing else, that is "past praying for."

Of Mr. Bowles's pamphlet we are able to speak with the most decided approbation; like all his publications, it abounds with a fervour of description and contempt of worthless assailants, which is highly attractive; but the filial, the earnest solicitude with which he contends for the honour of his beloved Salisbury, is at once interesting and delightful. From his own chapter alone he selects a band of worthies with which he challenges the whole Scotch Church-" from John Knox to Prophet Irving."

"Enter, then, from the chapter of Salisbury," exclaims our animated champion

1. Prebendary Martin Benson, afterwards Bishop of Gloucester, author of many eminent theological works.

2. Bishop Hoadly, of whom I need not say a word.

3. Bishop Sherlock, ditto.

4. Bishop Douglas. A Scotchman, who might have been, but for our universities and cathedrals, an unknown minister of an obscure kirk.

5. Bishop Burgess. Founded a college, as well as being an eminent scholar and divine.

6. Dean Pearson. Author of the most interesting Life of Claudius Buchanan, and now engaged in writing the Life of that humble man of God, Swartz, with whose name India and Christian Europe resounds.

7. Archdeacon Stebbing. Various learned theological works. 8. Archdeacon Daubeny. Built a church! as well as wrote a it-the work of a profound Protestant theologian.

"Guide" to

9. Archdeacon Coxe, who has thrown much new and interesting light on

the historical periods on which he has treated.

10. Prebendary Gilpin. Sermons, Essays, and Life of Gilpin, of Durham. 11. Prebendary and Archdeacon Dodwell. Various learned and distin

guished works, particularly on the Athanasian Creed.

12. Canon Bampton. If not a writer himself-qui facit per alium facit per se, he was the munificent founder of that Lecture in Oxford which has produced a White, a living Bishop Mant, eminent as a divine-eminent as a pious poet-eminent in learning and virtues and a successive host, many most distinguished and learned, as Lawrence, Archbishop, &c.

13. Prebendary Glocester Ridley. Author of Life of Ridley, his great ancestor, school-fellow, at Winchester, with Bishop Lowth, author of Dissertation on the Syriac Language, and various works of learning and imagination. 14. Robert Holmes, collated prebendary, 1790. Oxford Poetry Professor, and Editor of the Septuagint-a work of the greatest labour, learning, and importance.

15. John Clarke, Dean. The friend of Sir Isaac Newton and Dr. Samuel Clarke, translator of Grotius, author of Enquiry into the Cause and Origin of Moral Evil, &c.-a work of deep research and great knowledge.

16. Robert Charles Blaney, prebendary, collated 1797. The learned Hebraist, author of Commentaries on Daniel, &c.

17. French Lawrence, prebendary of the prebend possessed by Camden. Lawrence, brother to Archbishop Lawrence, it is well known, was the intimate friend of Edmund Burke, whom he assisted in all his great works, author of some of the happiest effusions of humour in verse, but author of a far more valuable religious work, published after his death by the Archbishop.

18. Shute Barrington. Excellent and eloquent Sermons, &c., but more distinguished as having dispensed, in munificent charities, one hundred thousand pounds.

19. Prebendary Faber.

theologian.

Mythologist, of various learning, and eminent

20. Berens, Archdeacon. Author of several excellent works relating to the Church.

21. I may be indulged in adding the name of my friend, Canon Macdonald, the nephew of Bishop Douglas, and author of his Life.

22. Canon Clarke-my coadjutor in defence of Winchester College, and author of many eloquent Sermons and Charges.

23. Having extended the number so far beyond the Critic's including his one poet, now behold a name with which he must be familiar-ALLISON, prebendary of Sarum.

24. Lastly, though "the list might be extended," let me conclude with mentioning that accomplished young man, of the highest learning, piety, and promise, cut off, as he was about to shine among the foremost ranks of his profession,—the accomplished son of a most accomplished scholar, my friend, the present Dean of Winchester.-Pp. 92-95.

Professor Pusey now claims our attention. His work, though equally valuable, is written in a style strikingly different from that of Mr. Bowles. His attack upon the Church Reformers is not so brusque, but his blows are equally effective. He enters into a detailed history of the origin of cathedral endowments. He vindicates, in a most able manner, our Universities from the charges brought against them by Dissenters, and fortifies his argument by a quotation from Dr. Chalmers, who is not a member of our Church, but who still bears the following honourable testimony to their utility

A bare recital of the names associated with Oxford and Cambridge, would further convince us, that, from these mighty strongholds have issued our most redoubted champions of orthodoxy; and that the Church of which they are the feeders and the fountain heads, has, of all others, stood the foremost, and wielded the mightiest polemic arm in the battles of the faith.-On Endowments, P. 67.

We must, however, leave the subject of our Universities, and the clerical education pursued in them, to a future occasion, merely observing, that when the Professor says that Divinity students are only

called upon to "attend twelve lectures from the Regius Professor of Divinity," he entirely forgets the twenty-five Norrisian Lectures, which Cambridge men, at least, are invariably called upon to attend—and the Sunday evening Lectures, which, in many of our Colleges, are read by the Master himself—as in the case of the present excellent Bishop of Lincoln, who, when Master of Christ's College, invariably undertook this important duty himself—and at which the students of his College were expected, and others permitted to attend, and which are continued by his worthy successor to the present day.

The proposal of establishing in each of the Cathedral Chapters a species of Theological Seminary, is well worthy the consideration of our Prelates; and would infallibly, under proper management, render especial service to the Church.

But, let us ask, are the Chapters of our Cathedrals of no present use? Are the daily services, the morning and evening incense of prayer, things of no importance in this enlightened and abundantly religious age? Is it nothing that the house of God is daily open to those who feel a desire to worship?—That the services of the Church are there devoutly and reverently performed?-That in the midst of cities given up to voluptuousness and worldliness, one spot is daily hallowed by acts of prayer and praise?—which, peradventure, may, in God's good time, avert that removal of our candlestick, at present threatened, and protect our Sion from the hands of the spoiler.

Nor ought we to forget that by them Christianity was first planted in our country;-by them it has since been watered. In whatever light

we view them, whether in the direct services which they have rendered to the places where they are established, or indirectly in the benefits conferred upon the Clergy generally-or, again, as places in which eminent men might prepare for the higher and more responsible duties of the Church, or, as giving opportunity and leisure for the equally laborious, though less active duties of Divines and defenders of our faith-or, as furnishing maintenance for other offices, in themselves inadequately provided for,-or, lastly, as holding forth an incentive to higher theological attainments :-in every way they have rendered important theological service-in every way they are entitled to the respect and support of the friends of religious truth.

In illustration of this point, hear Professor Pusey:

These institutions, then, were the nurseries of most of our chief Divines, who were the glory of our English name; in them these great men consolidated the strength which has been so beneficial to the Church: to them and to our Universities are our Church and Nation indebted for the mightiest works, which have established her faith or edified her piety. It is natural, indeed, that lay writers should not be much acquainted with the earlier details of our Church; that they should be content to know that we had mighty men, to whom all Christendom was much indebted, and not care to inquire what particular offices in the Church they may have filled; it is natural they should

turn to the list of the present Dignitaries of our Cathedrals, instead of tracing out the unobtrusive history of our great Divines; and it is equally natural that, conceiving that there is so much abuse at present, they should hastily conclude that it had always been so. Yet the question is an historical one, and must be decided by history. Whether, then, we take a list of our great Divines, and trace their earlier history, or whether we adopt the more compendious plan of looking over the history of our Cathedrals, and selecting the great names which there occur, we shall come to the same result, that to our Endowments, and principally to those of our Cathedrals, we are indebted for almost all the theology of our Church. It may be dry to review a catalogue of names: but there is no more compendious way of arriving at some insight into the truth; and those, who have to decide on the utility of these institutions, may well impose upon themselves the pains to see what fruit they have borne. It is also a refreshing sight, cheering alike to faith and hope, to behold what heroes God has already raised up for this our Church.

On opening, then, Willis's History of the Cathedrals, before the year 1728, when the account closes, there occur in the Cathedral of Christ Church alone, the names of Hammond, Sanderson, Gastrell, South, Smalridge, Samuel and John Fell, Aldrich, Archbishop Wake, Archbishop Potter, Allestree, Owen, Pococke, Tanner, and Hyde; among the Deans of Peterborough again, are Jackson [on the Creed], Cosin [Scholastical History of the Canon], Simon Patrick, and Kidder; among the Canons, Lively (one who was most depended upon in the present translation of the Bible), and Thomas Greaves, an eminent Professor of Arabic in this place. In Ely, further, we find Bentley, among the Archdeacons; among the Prebendaries, Archbishop Parker, Whitgift, Bishop Pearson, Spencer, Lightfoot. Among the Prebendaries of Canterbury, again, we find Ridley, Alexander Nowell, Samuel Parker, Tillotson, Stillingfleet, Castell [Polyglot Bible and Lexicon], Beveridge, Mill [Gr. Test., &c.]; (besides that it gave refuge to Isaac Vossius, the Casaubons, Saravia, the friend of Hooker and Whitgift, and one of the translators of our Bible, Ochinus, and Du Moulin, as Windsor did to De Dominis, and the Cathedral of Oxford to a much brighter name, Peter Martyr.) Nor have we, as yet, even among names so valuable, included many of the most revered of our Divines besides these, among members of Cathedrals, (I mention such names as occur, many I have omitted,) were Chillingworth, Bull, Waterland, Cudworth, Archbishop Laud, Bishop Andrews, P. Heylin, Dean Barlow, Bishop Bilson, Hales (of Eton), Bishop Gibson, Reynolds, and in a corresponding situation in the Irish Church, Archbishop Usher, as in later times Dean Graves and Archbishop Magee; B. Walton [Polyglot Bible], For [Acts and Monuments], Bramhall, Atterbury, Allix, Bishop Butler, H. Prideaux, Shuckford, Bishop Hall, Bishop Conybeare, Bishop Newton, William Lloyd (Bishop of St. Asaph), Bishop and Dean Chandler, the Sherlocks, the Lowths, Bishop Hare, Dean Comber, Bishop Wilkins, Cave, Outram, Mangey, Jenkin, Derham, Biscoe, Chapman [Eusebius], Balguy, Whitby, Bullock, Warburton, Zachary Pearce, Bishop Fleetwood, Horsley, Horbery, Kennicott, Randolph, Holmes [LXX.], Dean Milner, &c.-so that, with the exception of Bingham, who says of himself, "I reckon it not the least part of my happiness, that Providence having removed me from the University, where the best supplies of learning are to be had, placed me in such a station as gives me opportunity to make use of so good a library (Winchester), though not so perfect as I should wish;"-with this, and the exception of those who were Heads of Colleges, as Barrow, or constantly resided at them, as Mede or Hody, it would be difficult to name many authors of elaborate or learned works, who were not members of Chapters. Pp. 103-106.

We have made these extracts from the excellent writers under review, for the purpose of confounding those impudent assailants of our Cathedrals, who go about denouncing these Establishments, because they

have produced no fruits. We wish that we could add the table in the Appendix, containing a "Century of Cathedral Divines," every name in which calls to the mind of those who are acquainted with the history of the Established Church, a train of ideas associated with all the best feelings of our nature. But to both the authors we can confidently refer our readers, not only for a statement of facts, but for sound argument against our enemies; not only for theories that may be productive of good, but for benefits which have actually been derived by the public at large from the pious labours of our venerable Church.

Such being the case, it cannot fail to strike an indifferent observer with astonishment, when he observes the manner in which the Establishment is attacked by all parties. By one, her doctrine; by a second, her discipline; by a third, her intolerance is brought forward as a grave charge. But the real cause of the hostility is, she is the champion of Truth, the steady follower of the gospel of Christ, and the enemy of sedition, privy-conspiracy, and rebellion." Even her enemies confess her to be the most tolerant of Churches. Her ministers are, indeed, the last persons to object to free discussion; and if its consequences are invariably to be such as resulted from that between Horsley and Priestley, they are the last persons that need object to it.

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But, if from denouncing the penny trash, disseminated by avowed and disgusting infidels, her ministers have earned the title of intolerant, let them say, We glory in it. The Manicheism of Lord Byron, or the Deism of Sir W. Drummond, are too speculative and too metaphysical to excite much serious alarm as to proselytism. But the daring blasphemy of a Hetherington, a Carlile, and a Taylor, teaching that Jesus Christ is an impostor, and hell a fable, is irresistible; it finds a home in the heart of every thief, murderer, and profligate in the kingdom; and when seasoned with a little obscenity, it suits the taste of better citizens than these. That men of desperate fortunes and desperate wickedness, should descend to such artifices for the corruption of the people, is not surprising; but it drives the blood from the heart, to see grey-headed philosophers dressed up for the same purpose, in the tinkling cap and motley cloak of a merry-andrew, and performing the antics of Bartholomew fair, to a gaping, grinning audience of drunken mechanics and debauched artizans. The people, perhaps, see nothing but the cap and bells, the party-coloured robes and grimaces of the buffoon; they relish the jest, and applaud the jester; but beneath the cap and the cloak, the Christian sees the horn and the hoof of the Prince of Evil.

Our design in entering thus fully into the awful signs of the times is, to endeavour to arouse the slumbering energies of the Church against her malignant, insatiable, and ever-watchful foes. All, however divided amongst themselves, are united against us. In the words of the Sacred Historian:-"It came to pass, that when Sanballat and Tobiah, and the