ject to him that enjoyeth moderate liberty, upon whom he tyrannizeth not: let them all know, it is by the mercy of this renowned queen, that standeth between them and their misfortunes. These be some of the beams of noble and radiant magnanimity, in contempt of peril, which so manifestly, in contempt of profit, which so many admire, and in merit of the world, which so many include in themselves; set forth in my simplicity of speech with much loss of lustre, but with near approach of truth; as the sun is seen in the water.

Now to pass to the excellences of her person: the view of them wholly and not severally, do make so sweet a wonder, as I fear to divide them. Again, nobility extracted out of the royal and victorious line of the kings of England; yea, both roses, white and red, do as well flourish in her nobility as in her beauty, as health, such as was like she should have that was brought forth by two of the most goodly princes of the world, in the strength of their years, in the heat of their love; that hath been injured neither with an overliberal nor over-curious diet; that hath not been sustained by an umbratile life still under the roof, but strengthened by the use of the pure and open air, that still retaineth flower and vigour of youth. For the beauty and many graces of her presence, what colours are fine enough for such a portraiture? let no light poet be used for such a description, but the chastest and the royalest:

how in the beginning of the troubles there, she gave and imparted to him faithful and friendly advice touching the course that was to be taken for quieting and appeasing of them. Then she interposed herself to most just and reasonable capitulations, wherein always should have been preserved unto him as ample interest, jurisdiction, and superiority in those countries as he in right could claim, or a prince well-minded would seek to have: and, which is the greatest point, she did by her advice, credit, and policy, and all good means, interrupt and appeach, that the same people by despair should not utterly alien and distract themselves from the obedience of the King of Spain, and cast themselves into the arms of a stranger: insomuch, that it is most true, that she did ever persuade the Duke of Anjou from that action, notwithstanding the affection she bore to that duke, and the obstinacy which she saw daily growing in the King of Spain. Lastly, to touch the mighty general merit of this queen, bear in mind, that her benignity and beneficence hath been as large as the oppression and ambition of Spain. For, to begin with the church of Rome, that pretended apostolic see is become but a donative cell of the King of Spain; the vicar of Christ is become the King of Spain's chaplain; he parteth the coming in of the new pope, for the treasure of the old he was wont to exclude but some two or three cardinals, and to leave the election of the rest; but now he doth include, and present directly some small number, all incapable and incompatible with the conclave, put in only for colour, except one or two. The states of Italy, they be like little quillets of freehold, being intermixed in the midst of a great honour or lordship: France is turned upside down, the subject against the king, cut and mangled infinitely, a country of Rodamonts and Roytelets, farmers of the ways: Portugal usurped by no other title than strength and vicinity: the Low Countries warred upon, because he seeketh, not to possess them, for they were possessed by him before, but to plant there an absolute and martial government, and to suppress their liberties: the like at this day attempted upon Arragon: the poor Indies, whereas the Christian religion generally brought enfranchisement of slaves in all places where it came, in a contrary course are brought from freemen to be slaves, and slaves of most miserable condition: sundry trains and practices of this king's ambi- What should I speak of her excellent gift of tion in Germany, Denmark, Scotland, the east speech, being a character of the greatness of her towns, are not unknown. Then it is her govern- conceit, the height of her degree, and the sweetment, and her government alone, that hath been ness of her nature? What life, what edge is there the sconce fort of all Europe, which hath lett in those words and glances wherewith at pleasure this proud nation from overrunning all. If any she can give a man long to think; be it that she state be yet free from his factions erected in the mean to daunt him, to encourage him, or to amaze bowels thereof; if there be any state wherein this him! How admirable is her discourse, whether faction is erected, that is not yet fired with civil it be in learning, state, or love! what variety of troubles; if there be any state under his protection knowledge; what rareness of conceit; what upon whom he usurpeth not; if there be any sub-choice of words; what grace of utterance! Doth VOL. II.-57 2P 2

Of her gait; " Et vera incessu patuit Dea."
Of her voice; "Nec vox hominem sonat."
Of her eye; "Et lætos oculis afflavit honores."
Of her colour; "Indum sanguineo veluti viola-
verit ostro Si quis ebur."

Of her neck; "Et rosea cervice refulsit."
Of her breast; "Veste sinus collecta fluentes."
Of her hair; "Ambrosiæque comæ divinum
vertice odorem
Spiravere."

If this be presumption, let him bear the blame that owneth the verses. What shall I speak of her rare qualities of compliment; which as they be excellent in the things themselves, so they have always besides somewhat of a queen: and as queens use shadows and veils with their rich apparel; methinks in all her qualities there is somewhat that flieth from ostentation, and yet inviteth the mind to contemplate her more?

Sylla, Julius Cæsar, Flavius Vespasianus, Severus, Constantinus the Great, and many more. "Generare et liberi, humana: creare et operari, divina." And, therefore, this objection removed, let us proceed to take a view of her felicity.

it not appear, that though her wit be as the ada- | called his? Peruse the catalogue: Cornelius mant of excellences, which draweth out of any book ancient or new, out of any writing or speech, the best; yet she refineth it, she enricheth it far above the value wherein it is received? And is her speech only that language which the child learneth with pleasure, and not those which the studious learn with industry? Hath she not attained, besides her rare eloquence in her own language, infinitely polished since her happy times, changes of her languages, both learned and modern? so that she is able to negotiate with divers ambassadors in their own languages; and that with no disadvantage upon them, who I think cannot but have a great part of their wits distracted from their matters in hand to the contemplation and admiration of such perfections. What should I wonder on to speak of the excellences of her nature, which cannot endure to be looked on with a discontented eye of the constancy of her favours, which maketh service as a journey by land, whereas the service of other princes is like an embarking by sea. For her royal wisdom and policy of government, he that shall note and observe the prudent temper she useth in admitting access; of the one side maintaining the majesty of her degree, and on the other side not prejudicing herself by looking to her estate through too few windows: her exquisite judgment in choosing and finding good servants, a point beyond the former; her profound discretion in assigning and appropriating every of them to their aptest employment: her penetrating sight in discovering every man's ends and drifts: her wonderful art in keeping servants in satisfaction, and yet in appetite: her inventing wit in contriving plots and overturns: her exact caution in censuring the propositions of others for her service her foreseeing events: her usage of occasions: he that shall consider of these, and other things that may not well be touched, as he shall never cease to wonder at such a queen, so he shall wonder the less, that in so dangerous times, when wits are so cunning, humours extravagant, passions so violent, the corruptions so great, the dissimulations so deep, factions so many; she hath notwithstanding done such great things, and reigned in felicity.

To speak of her fortune, that which I did reserve for a garland of her honour; and that is, that she liveth a virgin, and hath no children: so it is that which maketh all her other virtues and acts more sacred, more august, more divine. Let them leave children that leave no other memory in their times: "Brutorum æternitas, soboles." Revolve in histories the memories of happy men, and you shall not find any of rare felicity but either he died childless, or his line spent soon after his death; or else was unfortunate in his children. Should a man have them to be slain by his vassals, as the "posthumus" of Alexander the Great was? or to call them his imposthumes, as Augustus Cæsar

A mate of fortune she never took: only some adversity she passed at the first, to give her a quicker sense of the prosperity that should follow, and to make her more reposed in the divine providence. Well, she cometh to the crown; it was no small fortune to find at her entrance some such servants and counsellors as she then found. The French king, who at this time, by reason of the peace concluded with Spain, and of the interest he had in Scotland, might have proved a dangerous neighbour: by how strange an accident was he taken away? The King of Spain, who, if he would have inclined to reduce the Low Countries by lenity, considering the goodly revenues which he drew from those countries, the great commodity to annoy her state from thence, might have made mighty and perilous matches against her repose; putteth on a resolution not only to use the means of those countries, but to spend and consume all his other means, the treasure of his Indies, and the forces of his ill-compacted dominions there and upon them. The Carles that rebelled in the north, before the Duke of Norfolk's plot, which, indeed, was the strength and seal of that commotion, was fully ripe, brake forth, and prevented their time. The King Sebastian of Portugal, whom the King of Spain would fain have persuaded that it was a devouter enterprise to purge Christendom, than to enlarge it, though I know some think that he did artificially nourish him in that voyage, is cut apieces with his army in Africa: then hath the King of Spain work cut out to make all things in readiness during the old cardinal's time for the conquest of Portugal; whereby his desire of invading of England was slackened and put off some years, and by that means was put in execution at a time for some respects much more to his disadvantage. And the same invasion, like and as if it had been attempted before, it had the time much more proper and favourable; so likewise had it in true discourse a better season afterwards: for, if it had been dissolved till time that the league had been better confirmed in France; which no doubt would have been, if the Duke of Guise, who was the only man of worth on that side, had lived ; and the French king durst never have laid hand upon him, had he not been animated by the English victory against the Spaniards precedent. And then, if some maritime town had been gotten into the hands of the league, it had been a great surety and strength to the enterprise. The popes, to consider of them whose course and policy it had been, knowing her majesty's natural clemency, to have temporized and dispensed with the Papists

coming to church, that through the mask of their | skirmishes and services? they are no blemish at hypocrisy they might have been brought into all to the militia of England. places of government in the state and in the In the Low Countries, the Lammas day, the country: these, contrariwise, by the instigation retreat of Ghent, the day of Zutphen, and the prosof some fugitive scholars that advised him, not perous progress of this summer: the bravado in that was best for the see of Rome, but what | Portugal, and the honourable exploits in the aid agreed best with their eager humours and des- of the French king, besides the memorable voyperate states; discover and declare themselves ages in the Indies; and, lastly, the good entertainso far by sending most seminaries, and taking of ment of the invincible navy, which was chased reconcilements, as there is now severity of laws till the chasers were weary, after infinite loss, introduced for the repressing of that sort, and without taking a cock-boat, without firing a sheepmen of that religion are become the suspect. cot, sailed on the mercies of the wind, and the What should I speak of so many conspiracies discretion of their adventures, making a perambumiraculously detected? the records show the trea- lation or pilgrimage about the northern seas, and sons but it is yet hidden in many of them how ignobling many shores and points of land by shipthey came to light. What should I speak of the wreck; and so returned home with scorn and disopportune death of her enemies, and the wicked | honour much greater than the terror and expectainstruments towards her estate? Don Juan died | tion of their setting forth. not amiss: Darleigh, Duke of Lenox, who was used as an instrument to divorce Scotland from the amity of England, died in no ill season: a man withdrawn indeed at that time to France; but not without great help. I may not mention the death of some that occur to mind: but still, methinks, they live that should live, and they die that should die. I would not have the King of Spain die yet; he is "seges gloria:" but when he groweth dangerous, or any other besides him; I am persuaded they will die. What should I speak of the fortunes of her armies, which, notwithstanding the inward peace of this nation, were never more renowned? What should I recount Leith and Newhaven for the honourable

These virtues and perfections, with so great felicity, have made her the honour of her times, the admiration of the world, the suit and aspiring of greatest kings and princes, who yet durst never have aspired unto her, but as their minds were raised by love.

But why do I forget that words do extenuate and embase matters of so great weight? Time is her best commander, which never brought forth such a prince, whose imperial virtues contend with the excellency of her person; both virtues contend with her fortune; and both virtue and fortune contend with her fame.

"Orbis amor, famæ carmen, cœlique pupilla :
Tu decus omne tuis, tu decus ipsa tibi ?'

A PROCLAMATION

DRAWN

FOR HIS MAJESTY'S FIRST COMING IN.

[PREPARED, BUT NOT USED.]

HAVING great cause, at this time, to be moved | royal heart, but to the judgment of all the world, with diversity of affections, we do in first place whether there ever appeared in us any ambitious condole with all our loving subjects of England, or impatient desire to prevent God's appointed for the loss of their so virtuous and excellent time. Neither are we so partial to our own hoqueen; being a prince that we always found a nour, but that we do in great part ascribe this our dear sister, yea a mother to ourself in many her most peaceable and quiet entrance and coming to actions and advices. A prince whom we hold these our crowns, next under the blessing of Aland behold as an excellent pattern and example mighty God, and our undoubted right, to the fruit to imitate in many her royal virtues and parts of of her majesty's peaceable and quiet government, government; and a prince whose days we could accustoming the people to all loyalty and obedihave wished to have been prolonged; we report-ence. As for that which concerneth ourselves, ing ourselves not only to the testimony of our we would have all our loving subjects know, that

or good of the commonwealth shall be filled, and no man's virtue left idle, unemployed, or unrewarded; and every good ordinance and constitution, for the amendment of the estate and times, be revived and put in execution.

the readiness and good zeal of that our chiefest | to extend our princely care to the supply of the and most famous city, the city of London, the very neglects and omissions of any thing that chamber of that our kingdom: assuring them, that may tend to the good of our people. So that we will be unto that city, by all means of confirm- | every place and service that is fit for the honour ing and increasing their happy and wealthy estate, not only a just and gracious sovereign lord and king, but a special and bountiful patron and benefactor. And we, on our part, as well in remuneration of all their loyal and loving affections, as in discharge of our princely office, do promise and assure them, that as all manner of estates have concurred and consented in their duty and zeal towards us, so it shall be our continual care and resolution to preserve and maintain every several estate in a happy and flourishing condition, without confusion or overgrowing of any one to the prejudice, discontentment, or discouragement of the rest and generally in all estates we hope God will strengthen and assist us, not only to extirpate all gross and notorious abuses, and corruptions, of simonies, briberies, extortions, exactions, oppressions, vexations, burdensome payments, and overcharges, and the like; but further

In the mean time, minding by God's leave, all delay set apart, to comfort and secure our loving subjects in our kingdom of England by our personal presence there, we require all our loving subjects joyfully to expect the same: and yet so, as we signify our will and pleasure to be, that all such ceremonies and preparations as shall be made and used to do us honour, or to express gratulation, be rather comely and orderly, than sumptuous and glorious; and for the expressing of magnificence, that it be rather employed and bestowed upon the funeral of the late queen, to whose memory, we are of opinion, too much honour cannot be done or performed.

A DRAUGHT OF A PROCLAMATION

TOUCHING HIS MAJESTY'S STYLE.

2DO JACOBI.

[PREPARED, NOT USED.]

As it is a manifest token, or rather a substantial | freedom from inward burdens, unto both which effect, of the wrath and indignation of God, people under petty and weak estates are more when kingdoms are rent and divided, which have exposed; which so happy fruit of the union of formerly been entire and united under one monarch kingdoms is chiefly to be understood, when such and governor; so, on the contrary part, when it conjunction or augmentation is not wrought by shall please the Almighty, by whom kings reign conquest and violence, or by pact and submission, as his deputies and lieutenants, to enlarge his but by the law of nature and hereditary descent. commissions of empire and sovereignty, and to For in conquest it is commonly seen although commit those nations to one king to govern, the bulk and quantity of territory be increased, which he hath formerly committed to several yet the strength of kingdoms is diminished, as kings, it is an evident argument of his great well by the wasting of the forces of both parts favour both upon king and upon people; upon in the conflict, as by the evil coherence of the the king, inasmuch as he may with comfort con- nation conquering and conquered, the one being ceive that he is one of those servants to whom it apt to be insolent, and the other discontent; and was said, "Thou hast been faithful in the less, I so both full of jealousies and discord. And will make thee lord of more;" upon the people, where countries are annexed only by act of because the greatness of kingdoms and domi- estates and submissions, such submissions are nions, especially not being scattered, but adjacent commonly grounded upon fear, which is no good and compact, doth ever bring with it greater author of continuance, besides the quarrels and security from outward enemies, and greater revolts which do ensue upon conditional and