protection. In 1847 a popular effort was made, but the place was restored to Portugal, and is still in her power.

The Spaniards say that Columbus was once a resident on this island; and it seems that his wife was the daughter of Pestrello, one of the discoverers of Porto Santo. A romantic story is also told of the re-discovery of Madeira. This narrative, by Alcaforado, was translated into French in 1671, and is to the following effect:

"An Englishman of obscure birth, named Robert Machim, who lived in the reign of Edward III., fell in love with Anna d'Arfet, a beautiful damsel of noble family. Her father, incensed at his presumption, obtained the imprisonment of the lover, and married his daughter to a more illustrious suitor. The bridegroom, however, having left his castle, near Bristol, to attend the king in his wars, Machim, when released, procured access to Anna, and persuaded her to escape with him to France. They sailed, without a pilot, for the coast of Bretagne; but, a storm arising, they lost their reckoning, and, after running ten days before the gale, at length discovered the coast of Madeira, and landed, in 1346, in a bay, afterwards named Macchio, after him. A storm drove Machim's vessel from its anchorage, leaving those who had landed from it in such distress, that the lady died of grief. Machim, refusing all food, did not long survive her, and was buried in the same grave. The crew, having ornamented the tomb with a large wooden cross, and placed near it an inscription which Machim had prepared, requesting the first Christians who might read it to raise a chapel on the spot, took to their boat, and, being carried to the coast of Barbary, were made captives by the Moors. While in captivity they

related their adventures and described the position of Madeira to a fellow-captive, who communicated the facts to a Spanish pilot called Morales, in the employment of Gonçalves Zarco. Antonio Galvano, in his account of Portuguese discoveries, relates that this Machim, after Anna's death, left the island in a boat, and it was picked up on the coast of Africa by the Moors, and sent as a curiosity to Henry III., King of Castile."

We sailed from Madeira on a lovely morning, with sails all set and flags flying, amid the cheers of hundreds assembled on the shore.

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An Indiaman differs in many things from the vessels in which I had sailed. Neatness and cleanliness, both of vessel and crew, are much more looked after. The decks of the Saucy Annie" were nicely painted, and no stain of tar or grease was allowed to disfigure them. The rigging was fitted with greater care than common, and abundance of turk'sheads, and fancy seizings and lashings, bore witness to the sailorship of the mates and crew who last had it under their charge. No clumsy patch-work was to be seen on any of the sails-nothing but cloths neatly set in, to replace old ones.

The mates, too, were dressed much more tastefully than usual with the officers of merchant-ships, and the captain kept up a certain state in the cabin-having a boy to wait upon him, and only showing himself upon deck at seven bells, to take the sun or to get an observation, but never interfering directly with the working of the ship, except in the event of rough weather.

The helmsman was expected to appear in neat and clean clothing, and had half an hour in his watch on deck allowed

him wherein to change his suit, and prepare himself for his spell at the wheel.

As the voyage was much longer than a mere trip, the discipline was somewhat stricter. Several weeks elapsed before all was arranged for the long passage to Calcutta, all port-gear, such as hawsers, fenders, boat's awnings, &c., duly repaired, refitted, and stowed away below, and all the necessary chafing-gear put on. By this time the capabilities of the crew had been pretty well ascertained, and henceforth each one was employed in the department for which he was best qualified.

Every ship bound on a voyage of any length, carries at least three complete suits of sails-one a heavy suit, to be donned when approaching the higher latitudes, where rough winds prevail; a second, good, but lighter than the former, which to carry when running down the trade winds, or sailing in latitudes where the breezes blow steadily; and, lastly, an old suit, of little worth, which is bent on approaching the line, the region of calms and light winds, where sails are more quickly worn out by slatting against masts and rigging, and the continual hauling up and down in working ship, than in twice the time sailing in steady breezes.

As to the rigging, that needs never-ceasing attention to keep it in the perfect order required on board a first-class East Indiaman. A large part of our outward passage was consumed in making spun yarn and marline, for which purpose a neat little iron winch had been provided, much better than the rude wooden contrivance fastened to a bit-head and turned with a rope's end, which is usually seen on board ship. Then the spun yarn was to be made up into sword-mats and