jured up, in consequence of which the indi-
viduals conceive the idea that they are fet-
tered or impeded in their actions, and exe-
cute movements for their liberation. The
Clinical Lecture on a Case of Death from
Chloroform.-By Dr. BILLROTH, Prof. Sur-psychical stimulus exhibits itself in various
gery at the Vienna University.
violent, another loving and maudlin, and a
third melancholy. Purely individual con-
motory effects, besides the struggles due to
psychical influence, are chiefly of a spas-
modic character, exhibiting themselves in
convulsive movements of the muscles of the
extremities, and especially of the muscles
ways in different individuals, just as drunk-
It is customary to divide chloroform-nar-enness will render one man quarrelsome or
cosis into certain stages, but these, both in
regard to the mode and the rapidity of their
sequence, vary much in different individuals. {ditions thus exert great influence. The
In the first stage, the patients are usually
thrown into a state of excitement, which
chiefly influences the psychical and motory
spheres, for I know of no case in which
excitement of the sensitive nerves through
chloroform has produced hyperæsthesia. {of deglutition and mastication.
In only quite exceptional cases are the nerves Anæsthesia commences in this stage, but
of the senses abnormally excited, and sub-
jective personations induced. Commonly,
the motory stimulation is so combined with
the psychical that mental images are con-
the patients are usually restless, and some-
times so unmanageable as to require to be
restrained by three or four men, so that any
of the more delicate operations could not be