: fibres of connective tissue the endothelium of the lymph spaces is seen in a state of active proliferation, forcing the bundles of fibrous tissue apart by rows and layers of cells. These cells are in close contact with fibrous tissue on all sides the endothelium of the capillaries appears everywhere quite normal and quiescent. The surface epithelium of the pleura has for the most part disappeared, but in those portions of the pleura not directly invaded by the neoplasm, the surface lining has but rarely remained intact; nowhere, however, is there the slightest evidence of any proliferation of the surface epithelium. This agrees with the results of Glockner (Zeitsch. f. Heilkunde, Vol. 18) who found not a single well authenticated instance of the surface epithelium of the pleura or peritoneum,taking part in the formation of endothelioma. There has been much discussion as to the exact relations of this form of tumour. At the present moment the discussion turns on the question: What is endothelium, what is epithelium, and are these tumours of endothelial or epithelial origin? If endothelium is a derivative of the mesoderm and as such belongs to the connective tissue group, then endotheliomata must belong to a class of sarcomatous tumours. From the time of His until very recently no one doubted that all endothelium was of mesodermal origin. The researches of Hertwig and others have made it very probable that the surfaces of the pleura | and peritoneum are lined with true epithelium, and Waldeyer has quite recently proposed to restrict the term endothelium" to the cellular lining of lymph and blood channels and capillaries—these cells belonging undoubtedly to the connective tissue group-but to admit the surface lining of pleura and peritoneum into the group of epithelial cells. If we accept this, the position of endothelioma of the lung and pleura is plainly indicated. No instance has yet been credibly demonstrated in which an endothelioma took its origin from the surface epithelium of the pleura or from the epithelium of the pulmonary alveoli. In every case the point of origin was from cells which, even according to the latest views, indubitably belong to the mesodermal connective tissue group. The author suggests the separation of endothelioma of the lung and pleura from carcinoma and allied epithelial and glandular tumours, and places it in the group of connective tissue growths nearly allied to sarcoma. The Bacteriological Diagnosis of Typhoid Fever. Dr. J. P. D. Leahy, of Napier Hospital (N.Z. Medical Journal, July 31st, 1901), has recorded some experimental results obtained by Piorkowski's urinegelatine method of demonstrating the typhoid bacillus and differentiating it in plate cultures from those of B. coli. The method deserves great attention, in view of Piorkowski's statement that he has been able by this means to demonstrate the presence of typhoid bacilli in infected drinking water, and in the fæces of cases of enteric at a stage previous to the appearance of the Widal reaction, which, of course, is not usually developed until the disease has advanced a week or more. Piorkowski's method is thus described by Simon("Clinical Diagnosis," 3rd edition): Normal urine of about 1,020 specific gravity is allowed to stand until the reaction has become alkaline. It is then mixed with 0.5 per cent. of peptone, and 3.3 per cent. of gelatine, boiled for one hour and filtered immediately into test-tubes without any further application of heat. The test-tubes are closed with cotton-wool, sterilised for fifteen minutes in a steam steriliser at 100° C., and re-sterilised after twenty-four hours for ten minutes. To examine the fæces, one tube is inoculated with two loopfuls of the fæcal material, which should | At be as fresh as possible. From this tube, four loopfuls are transferred to a second tube, and a third is inoculated with from six to eight loopfuls from the one preceding. Plates are finally prepared and kept at a temperature of 22° C., as the presence of so small an amount of gelatine does not permit of exposure to higher temperatures. After sixteen to twenty-four hours an examination is made with a low power. the expiration of this time the colonies of the colon bacillus appear as round, yellowish-brown, and finely granular specks, with well-defined borders, while the typhoid colonies show a peculiar flagellate appearance, from two to four fine colourless radicles usually, starting from a light, highly refractive central focus. After forty-eight hours the radicles have greatly extended, and after forty-eight to fifty-six hours the colonies are perfectly developed, and present a picture which strongly suggests the appearance of radishes, minute interweaving branches being given off in every direction. No difference can be observed at this time between typhoid and colon bacilli which have been grown as controls in 10 per cent. normal, or bouillon gelatine. Leahy's results certainly go to confirm the differentiating powers of Piorkowski's medium as a means of distinguishing between the typhoid and the colon bacillus, and he shows drawings and photographs which exhibit in a very marked manner the branched appearance given in the type-description as characteristic of typhoid colonies grown on this medium. He sums up his conclusions, tentatively, as follows:(1) Piorkowski's is an extremely valuable method of diagnosing a case to be typhoid. (2) The earlier it is done in the course of the disease, the more likely it is to be successful. (3) The technique is very simple. (4) The higher the temperature at which the plates are kept without melting the better. He thinks, however, that at 22° C. the plates are too liable to melt, and that 20° C. answers sufficiently well. (5) Not every typhoid colony develops marked outgrowths. The nearer the temperature can be safely kept to 22° C., the more numerous are the colonies showing the outgrowths, and the more marked the outgrowths. (6) The typhoid colonies are often grouped. (7) B. Coli in pure culture as a control never shows anything like these phenomena of outgrowths. Typhoid Baccilli in Blood of Typhoid Fever Patients. Hewlett (New York Medical Record, November 30th, 1901), presents a summary of observations on the presence of typhoid bacilli in the blood of typhoid fever patients. The bacilli were obtained by cultivations from the blood of 90 out of 125 cases examined. The author's own observations were 24 in number, and 20 yielded the bacilli. The earliest positive results were obtained on what are believed to be the fourth and fifth day of the disease, and the latest on the twentieth day. The bacilli were rarely obtained after the fourteenth day, but there were relapses in three cases, in each of which the bacilli were forthcoming on the third, fourth, and fifth day of relapse, the tests having previously become negative. Cole, and also Auerbach and Unger have each reported one case in which positive results were obtained during the fourth week. Mellin's Food Chocolate.--We have received from Messrs. Gollin and Co. a sample of this preparation which has quite recently been placed on the market, Analysis of this product shows it to contain only a comparatively small amount of proteid, viz., 6:55 per cent, and mineral matter, chiefly phosphates, amounied to 2.63 per cent. It is of excellent flavour, and is an agreeable food. BRITISH MEDICAL ASSOCIATION NEWS. PROCEEDINGS OF AUSTRALASIAN BRANCHES. Ballarat District Branch. THE Annual Meeting was held at Lester's Hotel Ballarat, on Thursday, January 30th, at 8.30 o'clock. Present:-Drs. G. Affleck Scott (President), Bennett, Champion, Courtney, Cussen, Davies, Hardy, Jordan, Martin, Mitchell, Morrison, Naylor, Pinnock, Sleeman, Smith, R. Scott, Usher, and Wilson with Dr. J. Steell and Mr. Treloar as visitors. Apologies were received from Drs. McGowan, Palmer, Ross, and Salmon. Accounts amounting to £67 11s. 2d, were passed for payment. Correspondence was received from Miss Holthouse and the Rev. W. Potter. On the motion of Drs. PINNOCK and CHAMPION it was resolved that no member of this branch either apply for or accept a position at Fremantle or Boulder, W.A., antagonistic to the Western Australia Medical Defence Association, and the hon. sec. was instructed to write to the Association to that effect. A letter from Dr. MITCHELL shewed that a mining company had repudiated his claim for services rendered to a miner injured in their employment although he had been summoned to the accident by a representative of the company. The meeting agreed with the justice of the claim and advised its being insisted upon. The PRESIDENT reported that negotiations were in progress with the Lunacy Department with reference to the Ballarat Asylum, and it was resolved to continue the agitation for the establishment of a receiving house in this district. Drs. JORDAN and MORRISON moved "That this Branch disapproves of the proposal to form an Australasian Medical Association.' Drs. PINNOCK and R. SCOTT moved as an amendment "That the consideration of the question be postponed till we have more definite information on the subject." The amendment was carried by 12 votes to 4. The Annual Report and Balance Sheet were received and adopted on the motion of the President seconded by Dr. Wilson. REPORT. "Your Council is gratified at being able to report continued prosperity of the Society, the membership standing at 36 as against 33 in 1901. The year which opened under the cloud of the death of our late lamented Queen Victoria has closed saddened by the loss, at a ripe old age, of Dr. Thomas Le Gay Holthouse, the first president of the Medical Society which has developed into this Branch. A "At this Annual Meeting you will be asked to consider the advisability or otherwise of forming an Australasian Medical Association to give the triennial Congress a more definite and permanent shape. point to be debated will be whether such an Association should supersede the British Medical Association in the Commonwealth, or should merely be a subsidiary body for the consideration of scientific and ethical questions. Your decision will be placed before the Intercolonial Medical Congress to be held in Hobart next month. "Many questions of great interest have been discussed at our meetings during the year, among them the pollution of Lake Wendouree. A deputation from the Society was courteously received by the City Council, and our representations have already begun to bear fruit, as the Government is taking steps to abate the chief nuisance, which arises from the Lunatic Asylum. The Society is also endeavouring to induce the authorities to open our Lunatic Asylum for the reception of ordinary cases of insanity from this district and thus put an end to the anomaly of sending all lunatics from Ballarat fifty miles away to another asylum. We are hopeful of accomplishing this through the assistance of our local members of Parliament. "The venerable Professor Virchow's eightieth birthday was not allowed to pass unnoticed by us. A sum of five pounds was subscribed by a few of our members and forwarded towards the testimonial fund, with the autographs of several members for insertion in the album. "A Special Meeting of the Branch has been held to amend by-law No 10, in order more clearly to define the business of the ordinary quarterly meetings. This desirable amendment was further submitted to an ordinary meeting which confirmed the action of the special meeting. attention to the satisfactory state of our finances, which "Your Council has pleasure in drawing your will make it possible in the near future to procure a home for ourselves where our library and museum might be stored. The former is at present packed away at the Hospital, and, as to the latter, in the past a large number of splendidly prepared morbid specimens have been thrown away after having been shewn at our meetings. Such exhibits might, in the future, be permanently saved had we some museum where they accumulating a store of pathological facts which We should, in this way, be would be of increasing interest and value from an educational point of view. would be taken care of. than on former occasions, have been of a high order of "The original papers read this year, although fewer merit, and evoked considerable interest. "The following is a list of the papers : Notes on Strabismus.-G. Affleck Scott. Discussion on the Treatment of Typhoid Fever.-Introduced by J. An obscure case of Cerebral Injury.-T. A. Wilson. Discussion on Finsen Phototheraphy.-R. D. Pinnock. The retiring PRESIDENT then gave an address upon "Specialism in its relation to general medicine and surgery," illustrating his subject lucidly and forcefully from the side of ophthalmic practice (see page 55). Dr. G. AFFLECK SCOTT then vacated the chair, and introduced his successor, Dr. W. Beattie Smith, who was heartily welcomed, and he suitably responded. Drs. PINNOCK and WILSON moved that a cordial vote of thanks be accorded to Dr. Affleck Scott for his address. This was carried, with prolonged acclamation. The PRESIDENT then declared the following officers elected in the absence of any opposition:-Vicepresident, J. F. Usher, M. D., L.A.H; Hon. Secretary, J. T. Mitchell, M.D., M.R.C.S.; Treasurer, H. R. Salmon, M. B., Ch.B.; Members of Council (2), Robert Scott, M.D., Ch.M.; C. H. Courtney, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. Drs. SCOTT and SLEEMAN moved that the thanks of the Branch be accorded to the retiring auditors, and that they be re-elected. Dr. Mitchell's paper on "A Case of Caesarean Section" was taken as read on account of the lateness of the hour. (Reported at p. 71). Drs. PINNOCK and USHER moved : "That in the opinion of the members of this Branch of the British Medical Association, it is not conducive to the interests of the profession for any member to accept or hold the position of honorary physician, surgeon, or medical officer to any club or society which is not on a philanthropic basis." Considerable discussion ensued, in ᎠᎡ which it was stated that the South Australian Medical Defence Association had carried a similar resolution recently. The motion was carried by a substantial majority. Dr. R. SCOTT shewed a skiagram of a child in whose esophagus a tobacco tag was impacted, which foreign body was subsequently passed per rectum. The meeting then closed, and the members were entertained at supper by the retiring President, Dr. G. A. Scott. RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE FROM JANUARY 31ST, 1901, TO JANUARY 30TH, 1902. CR. £ s. d. 63 1 0 800 1 1 0 By Balance, January 31st, 1901 Members' Subscriptions £ s. d. 5 8 70 7 0 0 5 0 1 15 8 ... 1 10 5 New South Wales. THE Council met at the offices of the Association on Friday, 10th January, at 8.30 o'clock. Present :-Drs. Rennie, Todd, Crago, Hankins, Hinder, Worrall, Abbott. Letter from the General Secretary of the Australian Natives Association, asking for a conference with representatives of his Society. Resolved-"That the Council does not see its way to comply with the request of the Directors of the Australian Natives Association for another conference." Letter from R. A. Price, Esq, M.P., enclosing proposed bill for the amendment of the Medical Bill.— To be acknowledged, and Mr. Price thanked. Accounts passed :-Rent £13 13s., and refreshments £1. Profit of Gazette for the year :-£235. The Council met at the Association Rooms on Tuesday, 28th January, 1902, at 8.30 o'clock. Present: Drs. Foreman, Worrall, Crago, Hinder, Rennie, Jamieson, Brady, and Hankins. The minutes of the previous meeting were read and confirmed. The statement of accounts for the Branch showed a credit balance of £203 11s. 6d. for the year. Correspondence from the Inverell Lodge, M.U., submitting draft agreement for the consideration of the Branch was received. Resolved"That the Council, after careful consideration, deem the agreement submitted unsatisfactory in many particulars. The Council will not consider any further alteration in the agreement until it is first | H. R. SALMON, Treasurer. JAMES T. MITCHELL, Hon. Secretary. submitted to the medical men of Inverell and approved by them." Correspondence from the Australian Natives Association was read, agreeing to the income limit of £200 per annum. Resolved-"That a general meeting of the Branch be convened for the purpose of considering the matter, early in March, after the Medical Congress in Hobart." Letter from the General Manager of the Australian Mutual Provident Society was read with reference to the reduction of medical fees for examinations in life insurance. Resolved-"That the Hon. Secretary be instructed to write to the Secretary of the Australian Mutual Provident Society, stating that the matter contained in the General Manager's letter of 22nd January had been placed before the Council, and that it was the unanimous opinion of the Council that the proposals therein contained could not be entertained." Queensland. A CORRECTION. IN the report of the discussion at a meeting of the Queensland Branch of the British Medical Association on the proposed boycott of the medical officers of the Brisbane Friendly Societies Medical Institute, see Australasian_Medical_Gazette January 20th, 1902, page 35, Dr. Lockhart Gibson is reported to have said: "He was personally of the opinion that a medical man should not agree to act upon the staff of a hospital which had upon its staff a member of the profession who was in the habit of meeting in consultation medical officers connected with the Institute." This should read: "and if ostracism were decided upon, it should be carried out by every member of the Branch and should apply to hospital as well as private practice." A MEETING of the Branch was held on Friday, February 7th, at the rooms, Treasury Buildings, with the following attendance :-Dr. P. Bancroft (President), The Hon. W. F. Taylor, The Hon. C. F. Marks, Drs. Hopkins, Wild, J. Thompson, Robertson, Hawkes, Lockhart Gibson, Wilton Love, Hardie, Flynn, Turner, Cameron, Culpin, Francis, Hirschfeld, McEvoy, Lightoller, Clowes, Orr, Macnamara, Webb, Carvosso, Espie Dods, Halford, Salter, and Brockway (hon. sec.) Visitor Dr. Peverley. Dr. McEvoy related that he had recently attended a confinement in which the mother was 13 years of age, the grandmother 29, and the great grandmother 48. The PRESIDENT welcomed Dr. Turner on his return from England. The minutes of the last general meeting and of a special meeting were read and confirmed. Dr. SALTER was elected a member of the Branch. A discussion took place on the ratification of the resolutions passed at the last meeting, and adjourned until the next meeting. was The SECRETARY read a paper contributed by Dr. ENEAS MCDONNELL, of Toowoomba, on "Intussusception." (To appear in a future issue). Dr. J. THOMSON was elected representative of the Branch at the approaching Intercolonial Congress. South Australia. USUAL monthly meeting was held at University at 8 p.m., on Thursday, 30th January, 1902. Present: Drs. Todd (president), J. C. Verco, Watson, A. Wigg, Harrold, F. Magarey, Lendon, Corbin, Symons, Stirling, Anstey Giles, E. A. Johnson, Plummer, CavenaghMainwaring, Cudmore, Smeaton, Marten, A. A. Hamilton, W. Hayward, Brummitt, Gault, Poulton, Scott, and Gunson (Hon. Sec.) Visitor, Dr. Snow. Minutes were taken as read and signed. Correspondence read from West Australian Branch. After much discussion, it was moved and carried that our representative at Hobart Congress should invite Congress to hold the 1905 session in Adelaide, if for any reason the West Australian invitation were not decided upon. Members present at Hobart were asked to first support the West Australian invitation. Election. Dr. Alfred Alexander Smith, of Clare, South Australia, was duly elected a member. The following motion was carried after discussion: "That this Branch is unfavourable to the formation of any Association which would interfere with the continued success of the British Medical Association in its Australasian Branches, and is further of opinion that annual meetings of Congress would be undesirable." Various pathological specimens were shown by Professor Watson, Drs. Wigg, and Cavenagh-Mainwaring. PATHOLOGICAL EXHIBITS. Specimens shown by Professor A. Watson, 1. Pelves from three cases of extroversion of the bladder. (a) Girl at. 8. The pelvis resembles that of a bird, as the pubic bones are widely separated (three and a quarter inches), and the sacrum almost straight. The vesical ends of the ureters were transplanted into the upper portion of the rectum, and override the fundus uteri. It is difficult to estimate the result of this had the patient grown up and become pregnant. (b) Boy at. 15. The so-called extra peritoneal method was tried in this case by means of a forceps pushed through the anterior wall of the rectum. (The kidneys on the right side had been removed several years previously, as a preliminary step in another type of operation devised by Mr. Harrison). The separation of the pubic bones is proportionately less than in the case of the female. The sacrum is less straight. (c) Male infant, at. six weeks. The trigonum vesica was transplanted into the sigmoid flexure by the intra-peritoneal method as practised by Madyl. There was no leakage in this case such as occurred in the other two, but the tender age of the patient militated against its recovery. (For Dr. Lendon.) 2. Pyloric third of stomach with malignant stricture and infected glands removed according to the original Billroth method, from a gentleman æt. 60 who walked upstairs unassisted thirteen days later. There was no preliminary washing out of the stomach which was first relieved of its acrid accumulation after it was opened. (For Dr. Angas Johnson.) 3. Shark-embryo washed ashore in its horny shell during the recent storm. Dr. Johnson removed the shell to demonstrate its vascular connections with the yolk sac and its down-like external gills. (For Dr. Angas Johnson.) 4. X-Ray photo of an irreducible fracture dislocation of the astragalus of an old woman. (For Mr. A. G. Freyett.) 5. Calcified sebaceous cyst the size of a shut fist extruded by ulceration from the right genito-crural fold of a spinster at. 95, who died of exhaustion. It first became apparent in the days of Astley Cooper and Benjamin Brodie, and should have been removed, as its presence probably caused her to remain unmarried. (For Dr. Humphrey Marten.) 6. Rupture of common hepatic duct by pressure of a huge monocystic hydatid of right lobe of liver in a lady at. 10 who died of peritonitis. Medical advice was not sought till after the fatal rupture had occurred. (For Dr. A. A. Hamilton.) Dr. ANGAS JOHNSON showed: Egg of heterodontus philippi, or Port Jackson dog shark, which was washed up from the sea in the recent storm. The outer covering of the egg is cone shaped, and consists of chitin; free communication is allowed with sea water at the top, through a cleft, the bottom being firmly sealed. On opening this cover a small shark was seen firmly attached to its yelk sac. which was of the size of a mandarin. The specimen was mounted in formalinglycerin, which showed it in its natural colours. Also, the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London for 1901. "Contributions to the Comparative Anatomy of the Mammalian Eye, chiefly based on Ophthalmoscopic Examination," by George Lindsay Johnson, M. D., F.R.C.S. The author has been working at the subject for the past eight years, and the above production is the herald of a big atlas of 500 plates. which will later be produced. The difficulties of this work have been enormous when one considers that all available animals have been examined, e.g., lions, bears, elephants, seals, boa constrictors, etc., etc., the seal's eye being examined under water, while the author had on a diver's dress. Chromolithographs of the back of the eye, by A. W. Head, F.Z.S., have been reproduced. Animals that have been a puzzle to zoologists can now be arranged in their proper families and genera, eg, Coquerel's lemur, hitherto placed among the lemurs, has now been proved to be a galazo; the rodents are placed very low in the scale of mammals, nearly as low as marsupials. These results have also been confirmed by Professors Gadow and Haeckel. Also curious appendages in mammals which have been christened the "um broculum.' This is a kind of flap proceeding from the iris used as a shade. Also a theory is advanced for the physiology of vision. A new line of investigation has been taken up, i.e., the measurement of the divergence of the axes of the eyes. The apteryx has been shown to have a pecten, although all observers, including the great Sir Richard Owen, said it had not. The above is but a poor critique of the work, which must be seen to be appreciated. The meeting then terminated. REPORT OF SOCIETIES. The Eastern Suburbs Medical Association of Sydney, N.S.W. THE members of the above association entertained two of their number to a "Welcome Home from South Africa" Dinner at Aarons' Exchange Hotel, Sydney, on December 5th, 1901. The guests of the evening were Dr. C. A. Edwards, of Waverley, and Dr. J. Adam Dick, of Randwick, both of whom had served with the New South Wales A. M. Corps in South Africa. The chair was occupied by the President, Dr. Walton Smith, and amongst those present were: Drs. G. Lane Mullins, P. J. Collins, F. W. H. Quaife, W. J. Barkas, Burge, Ludlow and others, and one visitor, Colonel Williams, P.M.O. of the N.S.W. forces, The toasts were "The King," "Our Guests,' "The Visitors," "The Chairman." The invitations to the guests were beautifully illuminated and framed cards in picture form, executed by Mr. John Sands, of Sydney. On January 16th, 1902, a general meeting of the above association was held at the meeting room, Paddington Town Hall. Present: Dr. Walton Smith, president, in the chair, and a number of members and visitors. The business of the evening was a paper from Capt. C. A. Edwards, N.S.W. A.M.C., upon his "Experiences in the South African Campaign." Dr. | Edwards briefly mentioned his itinerary, and gave an account of some interesting ambulance work, and described many remarkable surgical and medical cases. He also touched upon the game of the country, and concluded by reciting several amusing anecdotes. Capt. R. E. Roth, D.S.O., also contributed to the discussion. A hearty vote of thanks was unanimously accorded to Dr. Edwards for his most interesting paper. A similar vote was accorded to Dr. Roth for his contribution to the discussion. Refreshments were afterwards served, and the meeting terminated at 11 p.m. Sydney and Suburban Provident Medical Association. A SPECIAL meeting of the General Committee of the Sydney and Suburban Provident Medical Association was held at 121 Bathurst Street, Sydney, on 7th February, 1902. Present Dr. West (in the chair), Drs. Jamieson, Hankins, Litchfield, Levy, Doak, O'Gorman Hughes, J. M. Gill, Palmer, Crago, Binney, and O'Hara. The minutes of the preceding meeting were read and confirmed. The Chairman explained that the meeting had been convened to consider the proposal of Mr. Rafton to form a Medical Benefit Association to be entitled the Commonwealth Medical Benefit Association. After some discussion it was unanimously decided that the proposal could not be entertained. OBITUARY. CHARLES FERDINAND EICHLER, M.D., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., L.S.A. LOND; SYDNEY. Charles Ferdinand Eichler, M.D., M.R.C.S.E. late of Bridge Street, Sydney, died on January 10th, 1902, from senile decay at the age of 80. Dr. Eichler was one of the oldest medical practi tioners in Sydney, where he has been following his profession for close on half a century. For many years he was honorary visiting surgeon to the Sydney Hospital, and for a quarter of a century he was associated with the Deutsche Kranken Verein, from whom he received a handsome testimonial on his retirement. Dr. Eichler was one of the founders of He was a very old member of the Royal Society of New South Wales, and was associated with, and a Past Master of the Masonic Lodge Germanic. the Sydney German Club. Dr. Eichler came to New South Wales in charge of an emigrant ship over 50 years ago. He was married 49 years back to Miss Louisa Kurtz, companion and governess in the family of Sir Charles Fitzroy, the wedding taking place from Government House. The doctor was an enthusiast in rose-growing. Some 30 years since he purchased an estate at Marrickville, which he named Rosenau. On that estate he had close on a thousand varieties of roses under cultivation, many of which he had imported from Europe. He was an unassuming man, well-read, and could converse in eight languages. His wife, four sons, three daughters, and 19 grandchildren survive him. The funeral took place at the Waverley Cemetery. ALEXANDER STEWART PATERSON, M.D. EDIN.; Adelaide. Dr. Alexander Stewart Paterson, who filled the offices of Colonial Surgeon and Resident Medical Officer at the Adelaide Lunatic Asylum for many years, died suddenly on 6th January, 1902. He had not enjoyed good health for a considerable time, but the news of death was quite unexpected, He received his medical training at Edinburgh University, and he came to Australia immediately after he had completed his studies. He became L.R. C.S., Edinburgh, in 1856, and obtained his M.D. degree in the following year. In 1863 he was appointed medical officer to the Lunatic Asylum in Victoria, and filled the office for about four years. In April 1867, he was appointed to the post of Resident Medical Officer of the Adelaide Lunatic Asylum, a position which he filled for nearly 30 years. In 1870 he was gazetted Colonial Surgeon, and retained the title until 1896, when he severed his connection with the Government service. Dr. Paterson was deeply versed in all matters relat ing to the treatment of mental diseases, and was recognised as an authority on insanity in all its phases. He |