Incurables a detached wing has been set apart for cases of advanced phthisis. There is accommodation for 40 patients, and during the past year about 80 patients have been admitted. Dr. Zwar, the resident physician, enforces the open-air treatment as far as possible, and the work is carried on reciprocally with that of the sanatorium (next to be referred to), cases which improve sufficiently being transferred to the latter, while other cases are received from the sanatorium. This sanatorium for consumptives is a public charity, which has been established about 12 years, patients are received on medical recommendation, and payment only required when circumstances warrant it. During the winter season patients are accommodated, to the number of 40, at Echuca, where the institution is in reality a consumptive home, as the premises are not self-contained, occupying an area of only one acre, and patients during the day wander about the public park and town; during the summer season patients reside at Macedon, where the premises are much more commodious, and the site elevated. Funds are at present being solicited for the purpose of extending the operations of this charity, and it is to be hoped that a more suitable and adequate site for the purpose than the existing premises at Echuca will be obtained. In the education of the public to a true conception of the importance and nature of tuberculosis the efforts of the Press must not be forgotten, nor the untiring efforts of the Australian Health Society in a similar direction, and it may safely be said that the bulk of the community are now alive as never before to the dangers that may arise from want of care in dealing with this disease. The medical profession has, through its members, done its share, and has organised two public meetings in the metropolis, the first in 1899, and the second quite recently, with a view to the formation of a Tubercle Prevention Society, and the bringing of the matter weightily before the public mind. The potential usefulness of such a society none can deny, working as it must by exercising steady and public pressure against prejudice, and by supporting those measures which are the logical outcome of the recognition of tuberculosis as an infectious disease, favoured, if not in part conditioned by debilitating environment and heredity— how often indeed by an inherited evil environment. The amelioration of the conditions under which Labor lives and works, the raising of the standard of living and other kindred social problems are not merely political questions, they are of special interest and importance, to the profession, which, though so largely exploited by the public, yet heaps coals of fire on the public head by its efforts to remove those health-destroying conditions which are a large factor in the existence of the profession as an income earning body. Prevention rather than cure is its highest motto, and in no direction can this battle-cry be raised with more hope of a successful issue than in the fight against tuberculosis. THE AUSTRALASIAN SCHOOLS OF MEDICINE. University of Melbourne. IN the Faculty in Medicine at the Melbourne University, four degrees are granted, Bachelor of Medicine. Bachelor of Surgery, Doctor of Medicine, and Master of Surgery. No student can commence the course for these degrees unless he has matriculated, or can produce evidence that at some matriculation in the University of Melbourne, he has passed in Latin, English, Arithmetic, Algebra, and Geometry, and in one of the following optional subjects :-Greek, French, German. or No student can obtain credit for any portion of the course for these degrees completed elsewhere without producing evidence cf having passed examinations approved by the Professorial Board in the six subjects named. Candidates admitted from another University must produce evidence of having passed examinations approved by the Professorial Board in the six subjects above named before being admitted to the first examination of the course for the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery. Degree of M.B., B.S. Candidates for the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery must, subsequent to their matriculation, pursue their studies for five years and pass five examinations. During the first year candidates must attend lectures on 1. Natural philosophy. 3. Chemistry, including laboratory work. 1. Theory and Practice of Medicine during three terms. 2. Surgery during three terms. 3. Forensic medicine during three terms with supplementary practical demonstrations. Attend during nine full months the medical practice of a general hospital such attendance to include clinical instruction and lectures on clinical medicine. Act as medical ward clerk during at least six months. Act as clinical assistant during one term in the out-patient During the second year candidates must attend department of a general hospital. Attend post mortem lectures on: 1. Junior Anatomy during three terms. 2. Histology, elementary physiology, and physio logical chemistry with practical work, Must perform a first course of dissections. (i.) Attended post-mortem demonstrations during the first term. demonstrations during six months. Attend demonstrations of operative surgery on the dead subject. The subjects of the pass examination of the fifth year are 1. Theory and practice of medicine. 2. Surgery. 3. Obstetrics and diseases of women. 4. Forensic medicine. At this examination candidates must, as a part of the examination in theory and practice of medicine(a) Write a brief history of at least one case selected by the examiners. (b) Examine patients at the bedside, and describe the appropriate treatment. And as a part of the examination in surgery(a) Examine patients at the bedside and describe the appropriate treatment. (b) Perform operations on the dead subject, and apply surgical apparatus. During the fifth year candidates must produce certificates that, after completing the third year, they have 1. Attended at least twenty cases of midwifery. 2. Attended during six weeks a course of practical gynecology with clinical instruction in a special hospital or special department of a general hospital. 3. Acquired proficiency in vaccination. And attended two of the following courses 4. Twelve lectures on diseases of children, with clinical instruction during six weeks. 5. Twelve lectures on ophthalmic medicine and surgery, with clinical instruction during six weeks. 6. Twelve lectures on diseases of the skin, with clinical instruction during six weeks. 7. Twelve lectures on mental diseases, with clinical instruction during twelve weeks in a hospital for the insane. At the fifth or final honour examination, candidates may obtain honours in one or more of the following subjects: (a) Medicine. (b) Surgery. (c) Obstetrics and diseases of women. F.R.C.S. Eng. (Senior), George Campbell Rennie, M.B., ASSISTANT DEMONSTRATORS. Anatomy.-John Gordon, M.D., B.S., F.R. C.S. Eng., James Spittal Buchanan, M.B., C.M., F.R.C.S. Eng., Thomas Francis Ryan, M. B., B.S., Charles Perry, M.B., B.S. Physiology.-John Francis Wilkinson, M. D., B.S. Degree of M.D.-Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine must be Bachelors of Medicine of at least two years' standing in the University of Melbourne, or in some other University recognised by it. Candidates must also produce evi tence that subsequent to the completion of their third year for the degree of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery they have attended during three months the practice of a Hospital for the Insane. Candidates may proceed to the Degree of Doctor of Medicine by examination, or by presentation of a thesis. Candidates are required as part of the examination :1. To write commentaries on cases in medicine and in obstetric medicine and diseases of women and children. 2. To examine such medical patients as the examiners may indicate, and answer interrogations viva voce. 3. To answer oral interrogations on their Commentaries, and on Medicine and Medical Psychology. Degree of M.S.-Candidates for the degree of Master of Surgery must be Bachelors of Surgery of at least two years' standing in the University of Melbourne, or in some other University recognised by it. Candidates for examination for the degree of Master of Surgery, must be Bachelors of Surgery of at least one year's standing. The subjects of the examination are:- Surgical Anatomy with dissections and demonstrations on the dead subject. Surgical pathology. University of Sydney. THE Faculty of Medicine in the Sydney University grants three degrees, viz.: Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.), and Master of Surgery (Ch.M.). Candidates for a degree in Medicine must, before admission to the Medical School, produce evidence of having graduated in Arts or in Science, or of having attended the lectures of the first year of the Arts course, and passed the first year examination in Arts, or of having passed the Senior Public examination in the following subjects:-Latin and one of the three languages-Greek, French, German; and in three of the sections in Group III. of the subjects for which senior candidates may enter :-Arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, elementary surveying and astronomy, mechanics, applied mechanics, Degree of M. B., Ch.M.-Candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Medicine and Master of Surgery must attend the following courses of instruction, and present the following certificates : 1. In the First Year: Chemistry, inorganic, and practical chemistry. 2. In the Second Year: During Lent and Trinity Terms Descriptive anatomy (junior course). Physiology (junior course). During Trinity and Michaelmas Terms Practical physiology (histology and experimental physiology). During Michaelmas Term Descriptive anatomy (senior course). 3. In the Third Year: During Lent Term The courses of instruction in ophthalmic medicine and surgery and psychological medicine may be taken by the student in either the fourth or fifth year of study, as may from time to time be provided by the teaching regulations of the university. The course of instruction in applied logic may be taken by the student in any year of study. Before admission to the final examination, candidates are required to present the following certificates: 1. Of hospital practice during the fourth and fifth years. 2. Of attendance on a class of practical pharmacy approved by the Faculty of Medicine. 3. Of having acted not less than nine months as clinical clerk in the medical wards, not less than six months as dresser in the surgical wards, and not less than three months in each of the following capacities, in a recognised hospital, viz. :-Clinical clerk and dresser in the gynecological in-patients' department; student in attendance upon the surgical out-patients' department; student in attendance upon the medical out-patients' department; student in attendance upon the gynecological out-patients' department. 4. Of attendance upon post-mortem examinations during at least one term during the fourth and fifth years of the curriculum. 5. Of attendance on at least twelve cases of practical midwifery. 6. Of proficiency in vaccination, signed by a qualified medical practitioner. 7. Of proficiency in the administration of anæs thetics. 8. Of having attended a course of twenty lectures on applied logic, and of having passed a satisfactory class examination in the subjects thereof. For the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Master Practical physiology (physiological practical of Surgery there are five examinations. viz. :-One at chemistry). During Lent and Trinity Terms the end of each year of study. At the end of the first year, inorganic and organic Materia medica and therapeutics (seventy-five chemistry, physics and biology. lectures). Regional anatomy. During Michaelmas Term Physiology (senior course). 4. In the Fourth Year: During Lent and Trinity Terms- Surgery. Operative surgery and surgical anatomy (a course of twenty-five hours' instruction). Clinical surgery. Tutorial surgery. During Michaelmas Term Practical pathology. Clinical surgery. Tutorial medicine. 5. In the Fifth Year : During Lent and Trinity Terms- Midwifery (fifty lectures). Gynecology (twenty-five lectures). During Trinity and Michaelmas Terms- Psychological medicine, including clinical instruc- Clinical medicine (twice weekly). At the end of the second year, an intermediate examination in anatomy and physiology. At the end of the third year, the entire subjects of anatomy, physiology, and materia medica and therapeutics. Before admission to the third examination, candidates are required to present certificates of having dissected during at least six terms, and of having completed the dissection of every part of the body, at least once. The examination at the end of the fourth year includes pathology and operative surgery, and surgical anatomy. The examination at the end of the fifth year includes medicine, clinical medicine, surgery, clinical surgery, midwifery, medical jurisprudence and public health, psychological medicine, and ophthalmic medicine and surgery. The examination in ophthalmic medicine and surgery forms a part of either the fourth year or the fifth year examination, according as the student has attended the course in these subjects in his fourth or fifth year of study. Before admission to the final examination, each candidate must furnish a declaration of having completed his twenty-first year, and also a certificate of good fame and character signed by two competent persons. The degree of Master of Surgery is not conferred on any person who has not already been admitted a Bachelor of Medicine. Degree of M.D.-The degree of Doctor of Medicine is not conferred until after the expiration of two academic years from the granting of the degree of Bachelor of Medicine. Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine must produce evidence that after having obtained the degree of Bachelor of Medicine they have spent at least two years in medical or surgical practice, or that they have been engaged for a like period in a manner approved by the Faculty in the scientific study of any subject included in the Medical curriculum of the University of Sydney. Candidates are required to pass an examination in one division of one of the following groups : . Medicine, surgery midwifery, and gynæcology. The examination in each case shall include examination of, and report on, the cases of patients in a hospital, and examination and demonstration of specimens or preparations, normal or morbid, 2. The other subjects included in the medical curriculum of the University. They are required to present a thesis on some subject included in the medical curriculum of the University. The fees for the degrees of Doctor of Medicine, Bachelor of Medicine, and Master of Surgery are ten pounds respectively. Candidates who fail to pass the examination for any degree are allowed to present themselves for a second examination for the same degree without fee; but for every further examination that may be required they must pay the sum of five pounds. Pathology.-Prof. David Welsh, M.D. Edin. Physiology.-Prof. T. P. Anderson Stuart, M.D., C.M., LL.D. Edin., Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. LECTURERS AND DEMONSTRATORS. Materia Medica and Therapeutics.-T. Storie Dixson, M.B., C.M. Edin. Principles and Practice of Medicine.-W. Camac Wilkinson, M. D., M.R.C.P. Lond. Clinical Medicine.-R. Scot Skirving, M.B., C.M. Edin. Clinical Surgery.-Charles P. B. Clubbe, M.R.C.S., L.R C. P.; H. V. Critchley Hinder, M.B., Ch. M. Medical Jurisprudence and Public Health.-W. H. Goode, M. D., Ch.M. Medical Tutor.-G. E. Rennie, M.D., M.R.C,P. Lond. Midwifery.-Sir Jas. Graham, M. D., C.M. Edin. Diseases of Women.-Joseph Foreman. M. R. C.S. Ophthalmic Medicine and Surgery.-F. Antill Pockley, M. B., C.M. Edin. Principles and Practice of Surgery.-Alexander MacCormick, M.D. Edin., F. R.C.S. Eng. Psychological Medicine.-Chisholm Ross, M.D. Syd. Surgical Tutor.-John Morton, M. B., Ch.M. DEMONSTRATORS. Biology.-James P. Hill, B. Sc., F. L. S. Chemistry.-James A. Schofield, F.C.S. Physiology.-Herbert Hawker. HONORARY LECTURERS. Diseases of the Skin.-Dr. F. A. Bennet. University of Adelaide. IN the Faculty of Medicine, four degrees are granted by the Adelaide University, Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, Doctor of Medicine, and Master of Surgery. No student is permitted to commence the Medical Course until he has completed his sixteenth year. Students, before entering on the Medical Course are required to pass the senior public examination in the English language and literature, Latin, mathematics. and one of the following:- Greek, French, German or Italian. To obtain the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery every candidate must complete five academical years of medical study, and pass the examination proper to each year. During the first academical year students are required : (a) To attend a course of lectures on anatomy. (b) To dissect during six months to the satisfaction of the Professor of Anatomy. (c) To attend a course of lectures on physiology. (d) To perform practical biological and physiological work during such academical year to the satisfaction of the Lecturer on Physiology. (e) To attend a course of lectures on chemistry. (f) To perform practical work in inorganic chemistry during three months to the satisfaction of the Professor of Chemistry. (g) To attend a course of lectures on botany. (h) To attend lectures on the elements of heat, electricity, magnetism, light, and acoustics, unless he shall have already passed in these subjects at either the junior or senior public examinations. At the first examination every student must satisfy the examiners in elementary anatomy and dissections, elementary biology and physiology, theoretical and practical; inorganic chemistry, theoretical and practical; botany, and the elements of physics. During the second academical year students are required: (a) To attend a course of lectures on anatomy. (b) To dissect during six months to the satisfaction of the Professor of Anatomy. (c) To attend a course of lectures on physiology. (d) To perform practical physiological work during such academical year to the satisfaction of the Lecturer on Physiology. (e) To attend a course of lectures on organic chemistry. (f) To perform practical work in organic chemistry and toxicology during three months to the satisfaction of the Professor of Chemistry. (g) To attend a course of lectures on materia medica and elementary therapeutics. At the second examination every student must satisfy the examiners in 1. Anatomy with dissections. 2. Physiology, including practical physiology, histology and physiological chemistry. 3. Chemistry-organic chemistry, theoretical and practical. 4. Materia medica and elementary therapeutics. During the third academical year students are required (a) To attend a course of lectures on anatomy. (b) To dissect during six months to the satisfaction of the Professor of Anatomy. (c) To attend a course of demonstrations on regional Demonstrations in Psychological Medicine and Neur- and surgical anatomy. ology. Dr. J. F. Flashman. Diseases of the Ear.-G. T. Hankins, M.R.C.S. Ethics of Medical Practice.-Dr. P. Sydney Jones. (d) To attend a course of lectures on physiology. (e) To perform practical physiological work during such academical year to the satisfaction of the Lecturer on Physiology. |