Fig. 2.

cautiously, efficiently, and perseveringly, about fifteen times in the minute, or once every four or five seconds, occasionally varying the side. On each occasion that the Dody is replaced on the face, make uniform but efficient

To Imitate Breathing (see Figs. 1 and 2).-Replace the patient on the face, raising and supporting the chest well on a folded coat or other article of dress. Turn the body very gently on the side and a little beyond, and then briskly on the face, back again, repeating these measures

pressure with brisk movement, on the back between and below the shoulder blades or bones on each side, removing the pressure immediately before turning the body on the side.

By placing the patient on the chest, the weight of the body forces the air out; when turned on the side this pressure is removed, and air enters the chest. The first measure increases the expiration-the second commences inspiration. The result is respiration or natural breathing; and, if not too late, restoration to life.

During the whole of the operations let one person attend solely to the movements of the head and of the arm placed under it.

Whilst the above operations are being proceeded with, dry the hands and feet, and as soon as dry clothing or blankets can be procured, strip the body, and cover or gradually reclothe it, but taking care not to interfere with the efforts to restore breathing.

Dr. Silvester's Method.

Should the efforts just described not prove successful in the course of from two to five minutes, proceed to im itate breathing by Dr. Silvester's method, as follows: Place the patient on the back on a flat surface, inclined a little upwards from the feet; raise and support the head and shoulders on a small firm cushion or folded article of dress placed under the shoulder-blades. Cleanse the mouth and nostrils, draw forward the patient's tongue, and keep it projecting beyond the lips; an elastic band over the tongue and under the chin will answer this purpose, or a piece of string or tape may be tied around them, or by raising the lower jaw, the teeth may be made to retain the tongue in that position. Remove all tight clothing from about the neck and chest, especially the braces.

Fig. 3.

the patient's arms, and press them gently and firmly for two seconds against the sides of the chest. By this means air is pressed out of the lungs. (See Figs. 3 and 4.) Repeat these measures alternately, deliberately, and perseveringly, about fifteen times in a minute, until a sponta

To Imitate the Movements of Breathing-Standing at the patient's head, grasp the arms just above the elbows, and draw the arms gently and steadily upwards above the head, and keep them stretched upwards for two seconds. By this means air is drawn into the lungs. Then turn down

Fig. 4.

Treatment after Natural Breathing has been Restored.
To Promote Warmth and Circulation.

Wrap the patient in dry blankets; commence rubbing the limbs upwards, with firm grasping pressure and energy, using handkerchiefs, flannels, etc. By this measure the blood is propelled along the veins towards the heart. The

neous effort to respire is perceived, immediately upon which cease to imitate the movements of breathing, and proceed to induce circulation and warmth.

friction must be continued under the blanket or over the dry clothing. Promote the warmth of the body by the application of hot flannels, bottles, or bladders of hot water, heated bricks, etc., to the pit of the stomach, the armpits, between the thighs, and to the soles of the feet. If the patient has been carried to a house after respiration has been restored, be careful to let the air play freely about the room.

On the restoration of life, a teaspoonful of warm water should be given; and then, if the power of swallowing have returned, small quantities of wine, warm brandy and water, or coffee, should be administered. The patient should be kept in bed, and a disposition to sleep encouraged.

The above treatment should be persevered in for some hours, as it is an erroneous opinion that persons are irrecoverable because life does not soon make its appearance, persons having been restored after persevering for many hours.

The appearances which generally accompany death are entire cessation of breathing and of the heart's action; the eyelids are generally half closed; the pupils dilated; the jaws clenched; the fingers semi-contracted; the tongue approaches to the under edges of the lips, and these, as well as the nostrils, are covered with a frothy mucus; coldness and pallor of surface increase.