86. Since the subjunctive is nothing more than the indicative or potential, under the influence of some particle denoting condition, (if, though, unless, &c.,) it has the same tenses as the mode from which it is derived

87. The imperative has but one tense, with three forms.

EXAMPLES.

Write, (common form.)

Pres. Tense. Be thou writing, (progressive form.)
Do thou write, (emphatic form.)

88. The infinitive has two tenses, each having

wo forms

EXAMPLES.

Division.

L. Pres.

Tenses.

Pres. Tense. {

Pres. Perf.

Forms.

(To write, (common form.)

To be writing, (progressive form.)
To have written, (common form.)
To have been writing, (progres
sive form.)

89. The participle has three forms.

Perfect. Having written.

(a) Analogy would seem to require the following arrange

NOTE The pupil should now study the several lessons on the verb found in the Appendix. He should then care ally pet form the following exercises

Is..

MODELS FOR PARSING THE VERB.

Analyze the sentences according to the models, Sec. II.
The boy is diligen..

is an irregular intransitive verb, (princi-
pal parts, be, was, been,) in the indica-
tive mode, present tense, third person,
singular number, and agrees with its
subject, "boy;" according to Rule IV.,
"The verb must agree," &c.

James should have come.

Should have come is an irregular intransitive verb, in the

potential mode, past perfect tense, third person, singular number, and agrees with its subject," James; " according to Rule IV.

Depart.

Depart...... is a regular intransitive verb, in the imperative mode, present tense, second

person, singular number, and agrees with thou understood; according to Rule IV

Children should obey their parents. Should obey.... is a regular transitive verb, (prir cipa parts, obey, obeyed, obeyed,) active voice,

* When the subject, or any other part of a poposition, is omitted, it is said to be understood.

potential mode, past tense,* third persCL,

plural number, and agrees with its subject,"children;" according to Rule IV

NOTE. 'The relation of the transitive ve b to its object will be fully explained in a subsequent section.

He is deceived.

Is deceived..... is a regular passive verb, (transitive verb, passive voice,) (principal parts, deceive, deceived, deceived,) in the indicative mode, present tense, third person, singular number, and agrees with its subject, "he;" according to Rule IV.

NOTE. The uses of the subjunctive, infinitive, and the participles, will be explained hereafter.

EXERCISE 14.

Write subjects to the following verbs: -Teach, instruct, learn, speak, say, utter, weep, lament rejoice, bloom, laugh, move, bring, obey, try, bite, dance fight, praise, censure, adorn, wound, punish, devour, croak, whistle, amuse, disturb, be committed.

Let the first twelve be in the indicative mode, two in each tense.

John teaches.

Pres. {James instructs.

MODEL.

He learned.

Past Tense. We spoke.

Let the next twelve be in the potential mode, three in each tense. (See model above.) — Write the remainder in the imperative mode. Give the infinitive and participles to ten of the above verbs.

* More properly, "should obev" denotes a unive sal obligu. on, without reference to time.

EXERCISE 15.. - MISCELLANEOUS.

Analyze and parse the following sentences applying the four rules which are used in the construction of the subject and predicate. (See the preceding models for analyzing and parsing.)

John was a disciple. Jesus was betrayed. David is called the psalmist. You can learn. He will be writing. He had been defeated. Stop. Be active. Become a soldier. They should be industrious. He might have been captured. George may have returned.

Do be still Flenry will have been planting. I spoke. Do stay.

NOTE. If the preceding exercises should not be sufficient to make the pupil perfectly familiar with the properties and construction of the subject and predicate, they should be multiplied, at the discretion of the teacher. It is all important that these two elements of the sentence be perfectly understood before proceeding farther.

SECTION V.

THE ADJECTIVE ELEMENT. - FIRST SUBORDINATE ELEMENT.

90. It has been seen, (Sec. III.) that the subject Is susceptible of certain inflections, (41,) which ndicate its number, person, and gender. These changes are properly called modifications of the subject, since they restrict its application to some person or thing affected by one or more of these properties.

91. It is often necessary to restrict the applica tion of the subject, by referring to other properties which cannot be indicated by inflection. The method pursued in all languages is the same, namely, to add to the subject such word or words as shall designate the property required; as, "Birds fly;" "Black birds fly;" "Canary birds fly:" "Large birds fly."

(a.) Some nouns are sufficiently definite without additional words; such as proper nouns. — William, Philadelphia; many of the abstract nouns,-goodness, virtue, vice; many nouns denoting substance, — as, grass, wood.

(b.) Pronouns being used to denote the relation of the subject to the speaker, or referring to nouns which have before been introduced and sufficiently limited, seldom receive additional words.

92. All such additional words are called modifiers, because they modify, limit, or restrict, the application of the subject.

93. The modifiers of the subject, or of the noun in any of its relations, form a new element of the sentence, called the adjective element.

94. The subject considered apart from the ad jective element, is called the grammatical subject, or simply the subject.

95. The subject taken with the words which limit it, is called the complex or logical subject.

(a.) The adjective element generally answers the questions, What? What kind? How many? Whose?

96. All modifiers of the subject, or of the noun in any of its relations, are used to restrict its appli cation. This may be done,