The trochee consists of a long and a short sylla blo.
The anapæst consists of two short syllables and one long

one.

The dacty e consists of one long and two sho‍t #yl· ables.

Scanning consists in divit ng a verse into the fee. whế ca compose it.

To me the rōse

No longer glows.

3. Iambic of three feet: —

Nŏ rōy- | ǎl pōmp | ǎdōrns

This King of righteousness

4. Iambic of four feet:

And cold- | ĕr still the winds

aid blōw,

And darker hours of night came on.

5. Iambic of five feet, or pentameter :

On red rocks, | the drag- | on's late | abcdes,
The green reed trembles, and the bulrush nods.

6. Iambic of six feet, cr hexameter :

His heart is sad, | his hōpe | is gōne, | his light | Is passed He sits and mourns in silent grief the lingering day.

7. Iambic of seven feet, or heptameter :

The lofty hill, the hum- | ble lawn, with count- | less beau- ties shine.

The silent grove, the solemn shade, prorlaim thy power

divine.

Iambic of five feet is called heroic verse feet is called Alexandrine

that of su

Iambic of seven feet is commonly divided into twe lines, the first containing four feet, the second three This is called common metre; as,

The lofty hill, the humble lawn,

With countless beauties shine;
The silent grove, the solemn shade,
Proclaim thy power divine.

In long metre, each line has four iambic feet; in short metre, the first, second, and fourth lines contain three iambic feet, the third four.

Each species of iambic verse may have one additional short syllable. Thus, in the second species,

Upōn | ǎ mōun- | taĬn.

TROCHAIC VERSE.

1. Trochaic of one foot :

Changing,

Ranging.

2. Trochaic of two feet:

Fancy viewing,

Joys ensuing.

3. Trochaic of three feet: —

Gō where glōrỹ | waits thee,
But when fame elates thee.

4. Trochaic of four feet : —

Round | hōly | calm dif- | fusing,
Love of peace and lonely musing.

5 Trochaic of five feet:

All that

walk on | foot or | ride în | chariōts,

All that dwell in palaces or garrets.

6. Trochaic of six feet :—

On a mountain | stretched, bě- | neath ă | hōary | w.llow

Lay a shepherd swain, ard viewed the rolling billow.

In trochaic verse, the accent is paced upon the odd syllables; in iambic, on the even.

Trochaic verse may take an additional long syllable;

Idlě, after dinner, | in his chair

Sat a farmer, ruaay, fat, and fair.

ANAPESTIC VERSE.

1. Anapastic of one foot :

But in vain

They complain.

2 Anapastic of two feet:

Where the sun | loves to pause
With so fond a delay.

3. Anapastic of three feet :—

From the cen- | trě, all rōund | to the sea,

I'm lord of the fowl and the brute.

4. Anapastic of four feet :

At the close of the day, when the ham | lět is still, And mortals the sweets of forgetfulness prove.

In anapæstic verse, the accent falls on every third syllable. The first foot of an anapæstic verse may be an inmbus; as,

And mor- tǎls the sweets of forget- | fùlněss prove

3. Dactyli: of three feet:

Wearing ǎ- | wãy în hĩs | youthfulness,
Loveliness, beauty, and truthfulness.

4. Dactylic of four feet:

Bōys will ǎn- | ticipăte, | lavish, ănd | dissĭpăte
All that your busy pate hoarded with care.

Few poems are perfectly regular in their feet. The different kinds of feet are often mingled in the same verse.

I come, I come; | yě hăve called | mě lōng;

I cōme | o'er the mōun- | tains with light | ǎnd sōng.

NOTE. For exercises in scanning, let the pupil apply these rules to different verses in his reading lessons.

PUNCTUATION.

PUNCTUATION is the art of dividing written composition by means of points.

These points may be divided into two classes, those which separate the parts of a sentence, and those which separate entire sentences.

the

The former are the comma (), the semicolon (;), colon (), the dash (-), and the parenthesis (· the latter are the period (.), the interrogation point (?), and the exclamation point (!).

I. POINTS USED WITHIN A SENTENCE.

The Comma.

The comma is used principally to separate the elements of compact sente ices.

421.)

The use of the coinma may be reduced to three general principles :

I. When the elements of a sentence are simple, and are arranged in the natural order, (401,) they should not be separated; but when any element is transposed, loosely connected, or used parenthetically, it should be pointed off.

EXAMPLES.

"The path of virtue is the path of peace."

"Self-denial is the sacrifice which virtue must make."
"Intrinsically, the other is the most valuable."

"In general, his work is superior to mine."

"He lived, as he said, upon a vegetable diet."

(a.) The following words and phrases are pointed off by this rule:— Again, besides, moreover, nay, hence, thus, formerly, first, secondly, lastly, namely, once more, in short, in truth, above all, on the contrary, in the next place.

(b.) The nominative case independent, and several of the interjections, are pointed off by the comma; since they are not elements of the sentence, and consequently are not closely connected; as, "My son, hear the instructions of thy father;' "For, lo, I will call all the families of the kingdoms of the north."

(c.) When a simple element of the third class is not closely connected, or used in a restrictive sense, it is pointed off by the comma, though arranged in the natural order; as, "He will go, if it is possible."

II. When an element is complex, and considerably extended, it should be pointed off by the comma.

(a.) By this rule, the complex subject of a simple sentence, when long, should be separated by the comma from the predicate; as, "The intermixture of evil in human society, serves to exercise the noblest virtues of the human soul."

(b) The clauses of a complex sentence should be separated by the comma, when the subordinate clause is complex, and is not used in a restrictive sense; as, "We sometimes forget our faults, when we are not reminded of them Abridged clauses