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The subjunctive mode is the same as the indicative or

potential, with if prefixed.

IMPERATIVE MODE.

Singular.

Plural.

Common Form,

Love, or Love thou, Love, or Love ye or you,

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Perfect,

Having loved, (common form,)

Having been loving, (progressive form.)

Having been lc ved, (passive form.)

NOTE. Some few intransitive verbs take the passive form· as,

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"The sun is risen ;'
‚” « He is fallen.”

LESSON XII.

ADVERBS.

AN adverb is a word used to modify the meaning of a verb, adjective, participle, or other adverb.

Adverbs may be divided into four general classes; adverbs of place, of time, of cause, of manner.

Adverbs of place answer the questions, Where? Whither? Whence? as, here, there, above, yonder, below, somewhere, back, upwards, downwards, &c.

Adverbs of time answer the questions, When? How long? How often? as, then, yesterday, always, ever, con. rinually, often, frequently, &c.

Adverbs of cause answer the questions, Why? Whereore? as, why, wherefore, therefore, then.

NOTE. Causal relations are commonly expressed by phrases and clauses. (See 132, a.)

Adverbs of manner answer the question, How? as, elegantly, faithfully, fairly, &c. They are generally derived from adjectives denoting quality.

Under this head may be classed those which answer the ques tion, How? in respect to quantity or quality; as, How much? How good? &c.; as, too, very, greatly, chiefly, perfectly, mainly, wholly, totally, quite, exceedingly.

Modal adverbs belong to this class. (See 134, a.) The following are the principal modal adverbs: - yes, yea, verily, truly, surely, undoubtedly, doubtless, forsooth, certainly; no, nay, not, possibly, probably, perhaps, peradventure, perchance.

All phrases or clauses which denote place, time, cause, or manner, are of the nature of adverbs.

COMPARISON OF ADVERBS.

Many adverbs, like adjectives, admit of comparison; as, soon, sooner soonest; bravely more bravely, most bravely.

NOTE. For interrogative and conjunctive adverbs, see Lessons XIV. and XV.

LESSON XII.

PREPOSITIONS.

NOTE. For he construction and use of the prepositions Ɛ:O Chapter II.

A preposition is a word used to show the relation between a noun or pronoun and some preceding word; as, upon, on, with.

The following is a list of the principal prepositions in

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An interjection is a word used to express some emotion of the mind; as, oh! alas!

Interjections are to be found chie"y in sentences expressive of joy, sorrow, or reverence.

LESSON XIV.

INTERROGATIVES

NIE. This lesson should be studied n connection with Flection IX. page 121.

Interrogatives are words used in asking questions.

There are three kinds of interrogatives,-pronouns, ad jectives, and adverbs.

Interrogative pronouns are used to inquire for some per son or thing. They are who, which, and what.

Who is used to inquire for persons; what, as a pronoun, inquires for things; which refers to one of several persons

or things; as, "Who wrote? James." "What do you see? A tree." "Which shall I take? The largest one."

Interrogative adjectives are used to inquire for some description of a person or thing. They are, which, what, joined to the noun to be described; how many, used to inquire for number; as, "What book have you? A blank book." "Which path shall we follow? path." "How many lessons has he lessons."

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The right-hand learned? Four

Interrogative adverbs inquire for some circumstance of place, time, cause, or manner; as, "Where, when, why, how, did he go?'

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For a list of the several interrogatives, see T 258, (a.)

LESSON XV.

CONNECTIVES

Connectives are words used to unite the elements of a sentence: as, "When a wise man is derided by a foolish he will not be indignant."

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Connectives are divided into two classes, coördinate
and subordinate.

Coördinate connectives are always conjunctions. They
are used to unite either coördinate clauses or coördinate
parts of a clause; as, "Life is short, and art is long;
Vice and misery are inseparable."

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Coördinate conjunctions are of three kinds, — copulative,
adversative, and alternative. (See ¶ 157, and Sections I
II and III Chapter IV.)

A subordinate connective is used to join a subordinate
clause to some preceding word or clause; as, "i knew that
he was deceitful."

Subordinate connectives are conjunctions, relative pro-
nouns, and conjunctive adverbs.

Subordinate connectives are used to connect the three
kinds of clauses,-substantive, adjective, and adverbial.
Substantive clauses are connected by that and the various
interrogatives. (See ¶ 258, 1, 2, 3.)

Adverbial clauses are connected by conjunctive adverbs
Adjective clauses are connected by relative pronouns.
A relative pronoun is used to represent a preceding nour
or pronoun, called the antecedent, and to connect with it
the adjective clause which depends upon and limits it.

For the different relatives, and their different uses, see Sec
tion III. page 135.

Relative and interrogative pronouns have the same acci-
dents as the noun or personal pronoun, namely, number,
person gender, and case, and are thus declined:

Sirg. and Plur. Sing, and Plur

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Instead of whose, of which is most commonly used as the pos

essive of which.

What and that are used only in the nom native and eb
iective cases.

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