、 Adversative clauses are often equivalent to phrases con nected by with, without, notwithstanding, despite of; as, "With ail hi faults, he is a useful man Though he has many faults,

he is a useful man."

=

EXERCISE 53.

Analyze the following sentences :

Though he was rich, yet for our sakes he became poor. Although the place was unfavorable, nevertheless Cæsar determined to attack the enemy. However careless he might seem, his fortune depended upon the decision. Feeble as he was, he devoted the whole day to study. Vigilant as were the watchmen, the robbers made frequent depredations. Whoever may oppose, we shall insist upon the adoption of the plan. He would pull a mote out of his neighbor's eye, while he has a beam in his own.

Write sentences in which the following adjectives with as, shall introduce an adversative clause. Introduce cach by though.

Bold, deficient, strong, poor, thoughtless, silent, bright, warm, faithful, honest, abrupt, wild, sad, joyous, contented. MODEL. Cold as it was, we were compelled to be ou through the night=Though it was cold, &c.

Expand the following Italicized phrases into adversative clauses. (See 328, a.)

With all his faults, I love him. He applied for a situation, without a recommendation. Notwithstanding the storm, we commenced our journey. Despite of oppo

sition, he made his way to distinction.

MODEL. Though he has many faults, I love him.

Write a sentence having an adversative clause for rach of the connectives, though, although, notwithstanding, however, while, whatever, whoever.

¡V. — ADVERBIAL CLAUSES DENOTING MANNER.

329. By adverbial clauses denoting manner, the predicate of the principal clause may be compared with that of the subordinate, so as to show, 1st, a sorrespondence; 2d, a consequence; or, 3d, equality or inequality in magnitude.

330. Correspondence is indicated by as, just as, so... as when it relates to a verb or adjective, and by such and same as, when it relates to

...

as,

...

a noun; as, "Speak as you such books as I have."

think; "These are

(a.) By an ellipsis of an entire proposition, two subordinate connectives come together, the former of which denotes correspondence; as, "Always act in private as if you were seen by others "Always act in private as you would do if you were seen by others."

331. Clauses denoting consequence, or effect, are introduced by so... that, when the consequence relates to a verb or adjective, and by such...that, when it relates to a noun; as, "The traveller was so weary that he fell asleep."

(a.) When the consequence relates to a verb, so that should follow it; when it relates to an adjective, so precedes, and that follows it; when it relates to a nour, such or such a precedes, and that follows it.

332. Comparison of equality (232) is indicated by as... as; as, "George is as tall as his brother" (is tall.) So is used instead of the first as after not, in clauses denying equality; as, "George is not so tall as his brot.er."

(a.) Proportionate equality or equality be ween two predicat

which vary in intenɛity, is indicated by the...he, the so much the, with comparatives; as, "The colder it is, the better I feel."

333. Comparison of inequality is denoted by than, more ... than, less... than; as, "George is taller than his brother" (is tall.)

(a.) Clauses denoting comparison are generally elliptical.

EXERCISE 54.

Analyze the following sentences, and tell which denote CORRESPONDENCE, which CONSEQUENCE, and which EQUALITY or INEQUALITY.

As a bird that wandereth froin her nest, so is a man that wandereth from his place. As the door turneth upon its hinges, so doth the slothful man upon his bed. Will уси read so that you can be heard? The robber struck him such a blow that he fell. Happiness is much more equally distributed than some suppose. Is gravity always as wise as it appears? The science of mathematics performs more than it promises. Experience is a surer guide than imagination. Is it not better to be laughed at than ruined? Moses built the tabernacle, as he was commanded. Do as your parents bid you. Can you paint the picture as she does? Our lesson is the same as that we had yesterday. The more eminent men are, (332, a.) so much the more condescending they should be to the humble. The more prudent one is, the more cautious he is. Many men live us though (330, a.) they were born to pleasures.

Write clauses denoting correspondence, to complete the following:

The task is the same as...

Make the mark just as

.....

money..

The sun is so bright

The patient had gained so much strength...........

......

......

The hours seemed so long... They gave him so little We should acquire knowledge, so that...... It is so cold.............. We have had so much rain................ Write clauses denoting comparison of equality applied to the following adjectives:

Wise, great, stupid, long, broad, fierce, cool, strong, weak, thin, bright, dark, faithful.

MODEL. Was Lycurgus as wise as Solon?

Write clauses denoting comparison of inequality applied to the same.

MODEL. Solon was wiser than Lycurgus Lycurgus was not so wise as Solon.

334. It has now been shown that either of the five elements of a sentence may be a single word, a phrase, or a clause. They may be thus repre sented :

Adj.SUB.: PRED. + Obj. + Adv.

COMPLEX ELEMENTS CONTAINING CLAUSES.

335. With simple elements of the first class, the only complex element that can be formed consists

66

of two or more single words united, (143;) as, very quickly." But with the addition of the phrase, three or four varieties can be formed. (240.) By uniting the three different classes of elements, (single words, phrases, clauses,) at least nine varieties may be formed, as will be seen by the following

By joining 2 & 3;

66

By joining 3 & 1;

Class III.

By joining 3 & 2

By joining 3 & 3;

NOTE.

FROM HIM to whom it is due.
IF HE COMES quickly.*
WHEN WE WENT to Albany
AS I CAME where he sat.

For an explanation of the table, see T 240, Note.

EXERCISE 55.

Review the models for analysis of complex elements, in Chap. II., and analyze the following examples:

The light, the celestial vault, the verdure of the earth, the transparency of the waters, gave animation to my

It is generally most convenient, except when minute analysis is required, to consider the subordinate clause, even though limited, as a simple element; as, "Since you have, by your own choice, refused the proposal." The same may be said of the phrase, wher only a limiting word comer between the preposition and its ob ect; as, "in this place;" through the volumes.