mother, constitutional syphilis, inflammatory affections and mammary inflammation. Prominently among the galactagogues are mentioned the use of electrical currents and the castor oil plant. Among the anti-galactics he seems to confide somewhat in Belladonna, a matter in which he does not agree with the editor of the Western Journal.

We do not find anything new or suggestive in the chapter on the Diagnosis of Infantile Diseases.

Part II is the practical part of the book, beginning with Diseases of the Cerebro-Spinal System. Here we have a very proper recommendation of the opthalmoscope as a means of diagnosis in diseases of the brain. The results of its use, in the hands of Dr. Clifford Albutt and others, are sufficient to prove that it should not be confined to the specialist.

The chapter on Congestion of the Brain, is wanting in fullness of description, pathology and treatment. In such cases, the young practitioner is glad to have the benefit of the fullest experience. This deficiency is not observed in the author's treatment of the subject of Eclampsia. His remarks on the inhalation and internal use of chloroform, opium and bromide of potasium, will interest and instruct. The use of opium, where the brain is directly or indirectly concerned, requires nice discrimination, and any one who reads and follows his directions, will profit by them. This section closes with an interesting review of the subject of Internal Convulsions.

The section on Diseases of the Respiratory System, occupies about eighty pages. When we come to examine the chapters on Croup and Pneumonia, there are modes of treatment of these diseases which attract notice because of their variance from the established plans. "Loss of blood is not required in the treatment of croup." That, we presume, to be in accordance with American practice. For it are substituted aconite and veratrum viride. A fuller account of the author's experience in the use of these articles would have been better. He employs the tincture of veratrum viride "in doses of half a drop to one drop every three or four hours, for those over the age of three years." As a substitute for calomel in liquefying and removing the false membrane, he says "physicians of this city are using more and more a mixture of chlorate of potassa or of soda and muriate of ammonia given frequently." As a local remedy, he highly recommends from personal experience, the sub-sulphate of iron. He devotes some pages to Tracheotomy of Croup, giving the statistics of Drs. Krackowvizer and Voss. In the treatment of Pneumonia, he gives one drop

of tincture veratrum every three hours, to a child of five years of vigorous constitution; also, antimony with morphia, in the second stage. In feeble children he advises a different course-ipecac, carb. ammon., senega, &c. In blistering, he advises applying cantharidal collodion, in spots of the size of a ten cent piece, half a dozen or more. As the blister treatment of disease is being discussed, we mention this, with some belief in its usefulness.

We have not time to more than allude to one or two topics in the section on Diseases of the Digestive Apparatus. Cholera Infantum is one in which every physician in this country is particularly interested. He does not devote much space to it; we observe, however, that he faintly praises calomel in small doses.

Under the head of Zymotic Diseases, first appears Diphtheria. For treatment, first mention is given to sulphites; but he has no experience that would recommend them. Chlorate of potash and iron are recommended, and also local applications, such as he advises in croup.

Quite a number of important diseases of children are not mentioned. We leave the book with an impression of its incompleteness in many matters. Yet it is the basis of a good treatise. Possibly an addition of clinical matter or matured personal experience, will bring it up to the standard which the author sets up in his preface.

W. C.

OUTLINES OF PHYSIOLOGY-HUMAN AND COMPARATIVE.

BY JOHN MARSHALL, F. R. S.,

Professor of Surgery in the University College, London; Surgeon to the University College Hospital; with additions by Francis G. Smith, M. D., Professor of the University of Pennsylvania. Published in Philadelphia, by

Henry C. Lea, 1868. Price, $7.50.

Nothing has appeared in our language, since the last edition of Carpenter's great work, that is comparable to this of Mr. Marshall; and, it is quite singular that it should be produced by a surgeon. Every one interested in physiology has been looking and waiting patiently for a new edition of Carpenter, which should bring us up to the latest accumulations of this subject; but it is to be feared our expectations will not be realized. But Mr. Marshall has given us a work equal in arrangement, and more full and satisfactory on many of the

topics than Carpenter's. So that while expressing our regrets for the apparent close of this great man's labors, we can rejoice in the successful work of the new author.

I wish I could spare the time to offer an extended review of this superb work. It really merits an elaborate comparison with other recent and familiar works, not for the purpose of showing its superiority, so much as to exhibit the rapid and splendid development this attractive science is making. Physiology may be studied in this work from the lowest forms of vegetable and animal existence, to man, the richest and noblest observer of all the marvelous works of the Creator.

Science has discovered that a law of progression actually pervades the whole universe, not in the sense of the Darwinian, or kindred theories of universal development, which have no established facts nor stringent analogies to sustain them; but the unbroken series in the works of nature which present themselves from the phenomena of bare forms up to the highest manifestations of organization and the vital forces.

In the presentation of the cell doctrine, Mr. Marshall makes allusion to a subject that I have never seen referred to by any other writer, but which I have ventured to teach for fifteen years past as a reasonable inference from the phenomena of all proliferation, and that is, that each tissue and organ is represented in the spermatazoon, when it penetrates the germ cell or ovum of the female and finds there the peculiar pabulum for the beginning of organization. In other words, the different organs of the body cast off imperfect cells or gemmules, which in the generative organs becomes elaborated into the spermatazoa. I do not say that the reader will find the statement I have made so definitely stated; but well defined allusions are made to it.

In a most interesting department, this work falls below our wishes, and that is, in those profound, yet luminous psychological and metaphysical discussions into which Carpenter has entered in his views of the structure and functions of the brain.

I have been struck with the prominence which many of his original views have in recent works, such as Luys (French) on the Nervous System, and Maudsley's Physiology and Pathology of the Brain, which latter seems to be leading some into the unsatisfactory doctrines of materialism. And while both writers use freely Carpenter's scheme, they are devoid of that reverence and veneration of God which marks that great man's work.

For the present at least, the vaunted pride of science had better

accept the statement of Prof. Tyndall in his recent address as president of the British Association: "That while a definite thought and a definite molecular action may occur simultaneously in the brain, we do not possess the intellectual organ, nor, apparently, any endowment of the organ which would enable us to span by a process of reasoning, from the one phenomenon to the other."

One thing is always to be regretted in the re-publication of English works by the house to which we are indebted for so many, and that is, the miserable wood-cuts; they usually disgrace the works which they are intended to illustrate. Why not get them from our transatlantic friends, if we can not get them made here? C. G. C.

EDITORIAL AND MEDICAL NEWS.

WE HOPE the meeting of the American Medical Association at New Orleans will be largely attended. For years, a great gulf divided between north aud south; and now that gracious peace has bridged that gulf, now that the "war-drum throbs no longer," and all battle-flags are furled, the devotees of Medicine-which knows neither clime nor caste, neither political nor sectarian beliefs, which is all-embracing the race as the atmosphere the earth-ought to hasten together with the throbbing of fraternal hearts and to the grasping of fraternal hands. Let the men of the north and of the south, of the east and of the west, meet together in an everlasting peace, revive old memories of harmony and union, and inaugurate new measures for the honor, the dignity and usefulness of the profession. Space does not permit us to urge upon our readers the importance of sustaining by sympathy, and by presence at its annual convocation, the American Medical Association, and especially of attending this New Orleans meeting; nor can we urge certain subjects which we hope will be presented to the Association. However, there is one thing we want to suggest to our brother editors, viz: That we have a meeting of our own at New Orleans, sometime during the period when the Association is in session. We can meet together, become better acquainted, agree, possibly, upon some plan of medical education, for example, upon the most advisable scheme of State medical legislation, and advocate these measures in our journals. What say you, gentlemen of the medical journals, to this suggestion?

LIST OF QUESTIONS AT THE RECENT EXAMINATIONS IN THE MEDICAL COLLEGE OF OHIO.

4.

5.

Indications for trephining cranium.

Best method of reducing verticle luxation of patella.

6. Describe ordinary operation for strangulated oblique hernia.

7.

8.

Difference between Colles' and Barton's fracture of radius.

Diagnosis between luxation of humerus and fracture of the neck.

9. Differential diagnosis of fracture of neck of femur and luxation on dor

sum ilii.

10.

Characteristics of luxation in sciatic notck.

11. Best method of reducing luxation of femur.

Prof. Graham: Theory and Practice of Medicine-

1. What are the physical signs of different stages of pneumonia?

2.

In valvular disease of the heart, how find the particular valve affected?

3. Diagnose between remittent and typhoid fever.

4. Diagnose between peritonitis and enteritis.

5. Diagnose between lumbago and nephritis.

6.

How would you treat a case of acute dysentery?

Prof. Wright: Obstetrics

1. What are the boundaries of the inferior strait?

2. Name the vertex presentations and the one most frequent.

3.

What direction must the face assume to make a natural labor?

4. What are the positive signs of labor?

5. How manage prolapse of funis in first stage of labor?

6. Give symptoms and treatment of puerperal fever.

2. How is food classified, how digested and how absorbed?

3. What are the chief constituents of the blood and what is the average

proportion to the weight of the body?

4. What time is required for the whole to pass through the heart?

5. How rapid is the capillary circulation, and what condition of the ves

sels is necessary to maintain the normal movement?