greedy hounds were flogged off with due contempt: and the corporeal preservation, at least, of the Universities and their Colleges was promised by Royal word, and guaranteed by Royal deed. The expressions of the King, upon this occasion,* are too characteristic to be omitted here: the more so, as History has so few noble words or deeds of this King to inscribe upon her pages. "Ah! sirrahs," said he, addressing himself to those who had always urged him to do away with the Colleges, "I perceive the Abbey lands have fleshed you and set your teeth on an edge to ask also for those of the Colleges. While I was only of a mind to do away with a sinful state of being in the Abbeys, you would put an end in the Colleges to what is good and right. But I say unto you, sirrahs, that no land in England appears to me so well bestowed as that which is given to the Universities. For by their maintainance the best care is taken for the regimen of our kingdom, when you are gone and rotten. I therefore counsel you, however dear your own profit may be to you, not to follow up this track any further, but to content yourselves with what you have; or seek hereafter your profit upon honorable ways: for I am no such enemy of learning, that I should diminish the revenues of one of these houses even a penny, of which they might stand in need." The partial restoration of Wolsey's foundation upon a new form and with a * Holinshed.

new name, was, as it were, the sign and memorial which was for ever to commemorate the happy escape from this terrible crisis. Three years before, the new Bishopric of Oxford had been instituted, and the rich Abbey of Osney near Oxford given to it for Cathedral and Chapter. But this arrangement was now again done away with; and the Chapter and Episcopal See of the new Bishopric established in Oxford itself, out of the remains of Wolsey's foundation and buildings, and some other ecclesiastical lands, together with St. Frideswide's Church as Cathedral, under the name of "The Cathedral-Church of Christ in Oxford, by the foundation of King Henry VIII." This Chapter, consisting of Bishop, Archdeacon and eight Canons, was however, immediately incorporated with the University as one of its Colleges, and the duty imposed upon it to endow, out of the means placed within its power, three Lectureships of Theology, Greek and Hebrew-and a hundred* Studentships to be filled at the choice of the College; beside Chaplains, Chorister boys, &c. This is the establishment now known under the name of "Christ-Church," which glories in Wolsey's memory in spite of his Royal enemy, and partly by means of later benefactions, (which were always applied in a manner worthy of the whole establishment,) partly by means of its peculiar double nature, as a Cathedral-Chapter and a College, has attained an uncontested supremacy * [Qu. 101 ?]

over all institutions of the kind. This position is fully maintained by its whole exterior adornment; whereby it has earned a sort of right to lodge the Kings of England within its walls, whenever they visit Oxford. Cambridge also received at the same period similar proofs of Royal favor by the foundation, or rather the plan for the foundation, of Trinity College, the completion of which, however, was delayed by the King's death, and reserved for his daughter Mary.*

138. The tyranny of Henry blights all intellectual fruit.

The outer framework of the Universities, there is no doubt, was thus secured, as far as regarded the storms occasioned by the SCHISM. But still we need scarcely call to mind that much was still wanting to arrive at a gratifying state of prosperity. We have already alluded to the transfer of Church revenues to secular hands, and the general insecurity of many of the possessions and sources of income connected with the Universities; a proceeding by which the Colleges too could not but lose

* The foundation document of the date of 1546 is to be found in Rymer. Nothing appears to have been done in the matter under Edward VI. It was brought into action first by Mary, who ensured it the

possessions already intended for it, and others, besides, of very considerable importance; so that she may be very well looked upon as Joint-Founder. The foundation is for a Master, sixty Fellows, and sixty-nine Scholars.