RELIEF ORDER, PUBLIC: inference regarding
possibility of family's living on, 82
RELIEF SOCIETIES: careless handling of facts
by one, 53; changes in policy as to place
of first interview by, 106; consultations
with relatives by, 180; use of present
neighbors by, 273
RELIGION: in native country of immigrant
group, queries regarding, 384
RELIGIOUS AFFILIATIONS: queries regarding,

for any family, 380-381; for an immi-
grant family, 391; for a deserted family,
399; for a widow's family, 404; for the
family of a neglected child, 407; for an
inebriate, 433

Report of the Inspector under the Inebriates Act,
1909: by R. W. Branthwaite, 429
REPORTS TO MEDICAL SOURCES: useful in
strengthening relations, 218

RESEARCH, SOCIAL: investigation and, 52
RESIDENCE: inference regarding constant
changes of, 81; legal, need of establishing,
261

RESIDENCES, PREVIOUS: obtaining informa-
tion regarding, in first interview, 126;
principle of choice of those to be visited,
278, 279

RESOURCES: queries regarding, for an immi-
grant family, 393; for a widow's family,
404

"Responsibility of Family Life:" by Annie L.
Chesley, 192

RESTATEMENT of certain aspects of earlier
processes in social diagnosis, 342-347
RETARDATION IN SCHOOL: inference as to, 89
RICHMOND, M. E., 147

RISKS: involved in thinking, 87-93; arising
from the thinker's state of mind, 94
ROOMS: number of, occupied, inference from,
81, 86; extra, inference from family's
not renting, 83, 85, 86; dark, duty of
social worker regarding, 151

RULE, MISTAKEN GENERAL: as source of
error in reasoning, 87, 88-90

RULES that save trouble of thinking, 171
RUMORS: regarding property too often ac-
cepted, 252; unfavorable, visits to former
residences may disprove, 279

RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION: this study made
since author became a member of staff of,
6; associates of author in, 10

RUSSIANS: antipathy of Poles for, 75
RUTHENIANS: attitude of, toward Poles, 75

ST. LOUIS: investigation of foundlings in, 163
SAILORS: evidence contained in discharge
papers of, 249

SALMON, LUCY, 9

SALMON, THOMAS W., M.D., 435

SALOON KEEPER: as a witness, 282

SANITATION: inference as to relation between
part of house occupied and, 89
SAYLES, MARY B., 10

SCHEDULE USED IN STUDY OF OUTSIDE
SOURCES: result of early experiment
with, 163; reproduced, 466
SCHOLARSHIP: evidence of teachers regarding,

224

SCHOOL CENSUS RECORDS: use of, reported
by a child labor committee, 262
School Efficiency: by Paul H. Hanus, 368
SCHOOL EVIDENCE: in cases studied, 221;
place of, in social work, 222; as to grade,
223; as to scholarship, 224; as to atten-
dance, 225; as to behavior, 226; as to
physical condition, 227; as to mental
condition, 227-229; as to home care, 229;
as to results of social treatment, 230-231;
defects of, 231-232; method in gathering,
232-233

SCHOOL HISTORY RECORD CARDS: informa-
tion called for on, 223

SCHOOL RECORDS: as evidence of age, 257-
258

SCHOOLING: queries regarding, for any family,
380. See also Education

SCHOOLS: advantages and disadvantages of
social work connected with, 105, 106;
information regarding, easily obtained in
first interview, 126; as sources of infor-
mation in three cities, 167; as one-
headed sources, 175; individual and mass
treatment in, 368

SCIENCE, NATURAL: methods of, contrasted
with those of social case work, 40, 43;
observers in, contrasted with witnesses,
52

SCIENTIFIC SHOP MANAGEMENT: need of
social technique in, 48

SCOPE: of first interview, III-114; of a work
record, 239

SEAMEN. See Sailors

SEARS, AMELIA, 81, 88, 155, 241, 249, 274.
276, 282

SEIGNOBOS, Charles, 49, 64, 68, 69
SELF-DISCIPLINE: in training memory, im-

portant to case worker, 127
SELF-ESTEEM: collective, a form of self-inter-
ested bias, 77, 78; social workers' lia-
bility to bias of, 79

SELF-HELP: importance of beginning to de-
velop, in first interview, 114
SELF-INTEREST:

bias due to, as affecting
testimonial evidence, 76-78
SELF-SUPERVISION: suggestions for, 349-351
SELF, THE WIDER: Concept of, underlies
social work, 368-370

Sermons, Biographical and Miscellaneous, by
Benjamin Jowett, 138

SETTLEMENT LAWS: as complicating factors
in social work, 261

SETTLEMENTS, SOCIAL: considered in this
book among social agencies, 282; type
of evidence supplied by, 299-300; train-
ing of worker in, compared with that of
C. O. S. worker, 300; objections of, to
use of confidential exchange, 307; advice
of leaders in, value to social worker study-
ing foreign groups, 386; service of, in
interpreting immigrant life to public, 386

SEWING MACHINE COMPANY: used as a clue
in discovering whereabouts, 289

SEX LIFE: of a person possibly insane, 438.
See also Morality
SHEFFIELD, MRS. ADA ELIOT, 9, 182, 413, 414
SHERIFFS: consultations with, by social
agencies, 287

SHIFTING FAMILY: inference regarding, 81, 90
"SHOP:" knowledge of, as to home condi-
tions, 241

SIDGWICK, ALFRED, 49, 87, 97
SIMKHOVITCH, MRS., 196, 197

SISTERS: legal responsibility of, for support
in different states, 195

SLAVIC NATIONALITIES: racial bias among, 75
SMITH, ZILPHA D., 72, 197, 270, 308, 310
SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT: queries regarding, for
an immigrant family, 390-392
SOCIAL AGENCIES: that trust intuitions, as
witnesses, 66; types of, included in sta-
tistical study of outside sources, 161; as
sources of information in three cities, 167;
records of, as evidence of age, 257; con-
sultations with, in 2,800 cases examined,
296-297, 298; as witnesses, of their own
experience, 297-301; as witnesses, of
data that they have gathered, 301-303;
changes of management in, 302; influ-
ence upon, of a confidential exchange,
304-305; in Boston, use made of confi-
dential exchange data by, 308-310; trans-
fers and co-operation among, 313-314;
conferences of representatives of, about
difficult cases, 315; indirect communi-
cations between, unwise, 315; letters of
inquiry to, 333; queries regarding rela-
tions with, for any family, 381; for a
deserted family, 397, 400; for a widow's
family, 402; for family of a neglected
child, 410-411, 412

Social and Ethical Interpretations in Mental
Development: by James Mark Baldwin,
369

SOCIAL CASE WORK: methods and aims should
be same in all types of, 5; beginning proc-
esses of, alone discussed here, 6, 26;
and social reform progress together, 25,
365; uses of, in other fields, 27; develop-
ment of technique in, 32; dangers to,
when an adjunct in clinic or court, 36;
danger that beginners in, will become
hypercritical, 79; drawing inferences
from a face card good drill for a beginner
in, 83; extreme subdivision of, 106; as
team work, 114; sources consulted in
different types of, 167-169; four stages in
development of, in U. S., 293; third stage
of co-operation in, 294-295; highest form
of co-operation in, 295-296; ways of ad-
vancing standards in, 362-363; part of,
in work for the inebriate, 425, 429-430.
See also Social Workers
SOCIAL CONDITIONS: queries regarding, in
case of an inebriate, 432

SOCIAL DATA: and medical data, 207-211;
queries regarding, for any family, 378-
379

SOCIAL INSTINCTS: of a person possibly in-
sane, 438-439

SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS: of a child possibly
feeble-minded, 445

SOCIAL SERVICE EXCHANGE. See Confidential
Exchange and Social Service Exchange,
New York

SOCIAL SERVICE EXCHANGE, NEW YORK:
variable spellings in, 270; specimen list
of variable spellings in, 472-479
SOCIAL STATUS: of parents of a patient possi-
bly insane, 436

SOCIAL TREATMENT: school evidence regard-
ing, 230-231

SOCIAL WORKERS: invited to send criticisms of
this volume to the author, 11; in U. S.,
a large group, 25; desire of physician to
engage one, for service to a private pa-
tient, 27; beginnings of training for, 31,
32; and court, difference in point of view
between, 42, 43; need of diagnostic skill
in dealing with courts, illustrated, 45;
attitude of, toward hearsay evidence, 57;
tendency on part of some, to accept un-
favorable testimony too readily, 59; char-
acter evidence as used by, 61, 62; should
understand tests of a witness's bias and
competence, 64, 65; will have to apply
elements of psychology in social work, 66;
funded thought of, 67-68; suggestibility
of clients as affecting work of, 70; dan-
gers of leading questions to be guarded
against by, 71; should shun small sub-
terfuges, 72; racial or national bias as
affecting work of, 73-75; cannot ask wit-
nesses to violate their own standard of
ethics, 76; liability of, to bias of self-
esteem, 79; use of hypothesis by, 85;
risks arising from predispositions of, 94;
formerly instructed to enter "nothing but
the facts" on records, 94; risks arising
from assumptions of, 95; habit of con-
sulting same few sources hampers some,
96; absorption in individual case and op-
pression by condition of mass among, 97;
warning to, about use of method of proba-
bilities, 97; risk that personal prejudices,
etc., may influence judgment of, 97, 98;
desire of, for prompt action, responsible
for invalid inference, 98, illustrated, 350;
skill of, as shown in first interview, 104;
method of, in first interview, as modified
by nature of task, 105; method of, as
modified by place of first interview, 106-
110; method of, as modified by origin of
application, 106; mental equipment and
philosophy of, as affecting first interview,
III; one of long experience quoted on
method in first interview, 112-113; asked
to write analyses of first interviews, 120;
two types of interviewers among, 121,
122-123; one quoted on misuse of face
card, 122; should train memory, 127;
convictions of, about family, influence
and are influenced by his work, 134; acts
of, may influence members of family he
has not seen, 134; should take family
history and home conditions into account,
134-137; welcome chance to see family
together at beginning, 137; should seek
to grasp main drift of family life, 139;
suggestions as to study of food habits of
family by, 148-150; housing defects that
should arrest attention of, 151; habit
of some, of dealing with families only
through children, 153; not over investi-

SOCIAL WORKERS (continued)

gating, 163; tendency of, to dwell on
present situation of clients, 169; seven
principles that should govern choice of
clues to be followed up by, 170-176;
principles that should govern, in dealing
with medical data, 187; responsibility of,
for obtaining early medical diagnosis, 211,
should never attempt to make a medical
diagnosis, 211, 216; medical literature for,
212; need of economy of medical re-
sources on part of, 213-214; etiquette of
relations of, to incompetent physicians,
214; can sometimes obtain fuller reports
from physicians through physicians, 217;
school sources imperfectly used as yet by,
221; help that may be given teachers by,
233; employed by industrial establish-
ments, approach should be made through,
247; warned to distrust their own knowl-
edge in accident cases, 247-248; substi-
tution of a developing for a static pro-
gram by, in dealing with employers, 251;
can seek source behind document, 254;
interest of, in securing better public
records, 255; too likely to accept hear-
say evidence regarding property, 262;
acquaintance with public records needed
by, 271; importance of relations to client
and to other agencies, compared, 294;
duplicate letters of inquiry by, 326; les-
sons drawn from Dr. Cabot and Dubois
for, 347-348; Index Expurgatorius of,
349; two kinds of equipment needed by,
376; knowledge of local laws and ordi-
nances regarding deserters assumed in,
295; Dr. Adolf Meyer's advice to, quoted,
434-435; a supervision and review ques-
tionnaire for, 449-453

SOCIETY: discussion of theories of, no part of
plan of this book, 134

SOCIETY ΤΟ PROTECT CHILDREN FROM

CRUELTY: worker who went from a
charity organization society to, quoted,
39; method of agent of, in conducting
first interviews, 104, 129; opinion of gen-
eral secretary of, as to place of first inter-
view, 108; account of first interview by
worker in, 117; emergency interview re-
ported by agent of, 132; interviewing of
husband and wife by worker for, 143;
included in statistical study of outside
sources, 161; distinction of supplemen-
tary clue in work of, 175; consultations
with relatives by. 180; experience of,
with relatives, illustrated, 183, 184; case
of children improperly placed with grand-
parents cited by, 186; story of reuniting
of brothers placed out from a foundling
asylum supplied by, 195; approach to
relatives in a difficult case by agent of,
201; instance of non-social attitude on
part of a physician reported by, 205; ex-
perience of, with conflicting medical diag-
noses and prognoses, 206; illustration of
mistaken diagnosis by, corrected by evi-
dence from medical field, 208; habitual
consultation with school sources by, 222;
fellow pupils consulted in a few tasks of,
233; instances of valuable employer tes-
timony reported by, 243; case of father
who left children alone reported by, 24
245; cases where consultation of birth
records necessary, reported by, 256; use
of voting list and enlistment records in

locating men reported by, 260; use of
present neighbors by, 273, 274, 276, 277;
unfounded complaint from a landlord re-
ceived by, 281; suggestion as to dealings
with police offered by worker in, 286;
case reader's notes on effects of a change
of management in, 302; court work ren-
dered unnecessary by other measures in,
314; letter to a father by, 332; letters
shown by clients copied by, 335; use of
telephone in rural districts reported by,
339

SOLENBERGER, MRS. ALICE W., 73, 425
"Some Conditions Affecting Problems of In-
dustrial Education in Seventy-eight Ameri-
can School Systems:" by Leonard P.
Ayres, 202

SOURCES OF INFORMATION: habit of consult-
ing same few, 96

SOURCES OF INFORMATION OUTSIDE FAMILY

GROUP: reasons for consulting, 160; sta-
tistics of, how gathered, 161, 162; average
number consulted, means little, 163;
twenty most used in three cities, 165;
order of consultation in three cities, 166;
most used in different types of social
work, 167-169; principles governing use
of, 169-176; groups of, one-headed and
other, 175; method in visiting, 176-178;
importance of discovery of new, 284; pro-
portion of out-of-town, among those con-
sulted in 2,800 cases, 321; in consulting
which, inquiry can safely be narrowed,
343-344; discrimination in choice of, 344-
346; queries regarding case worker's use
of, 450-451; form used in gathering sta-
tistics regarding, 466; table giving in full,
for three cities, 467-469; table giving by
agencies, for one city, 470-471

SPECIAL DELIivery LetterS: and registered
letters, 336

SPECIALIST: overemphasis of the, need of
guarding against, 96

SPECIALIZATION AMONG SOCIAL AGENCIES:

necessitates exchange of information, 303
SPELLINGS, VARIABLE: each community
should work out its own list of, 270; con-
fusion caused by, illustrated, 271; list of
specimen, recorded in a social service
exchange, 472-479

SPORTING EDITOR: consultation with, re-
ported by a medical-social department,

290

Standard of Life: by Helen Bosanquet, 368
Standard of Living: by R. C. Chapin, 128
STANDARDS IN SOCIAL CASE WORK: attempts

to establish, 25, 30; ways of advancing,
362-363

STATE ARCHIVES: in which birth records are
assembled, 256

STATE BOARD OF CHARITY: letter of inquiry
by a, cited, 330

STATISTICAL STUDY: made for this volume, 8
STATISTICS OF OUTSIDE SOURCES: how gath-
ered, 161, 162; form used in gathering,
466

STORE INSPECTORS, CITY: consultations with,
by social agencies, 287

STREET GUIDES: use of, before sending out-
of-town letters of inquiry, 333
STREET INSPECTORS, CITY:

consultations

with, by social agencies, 287

Street's Pandex of the News, 269
SUGGESTIBILITY: as affecting the competence
of witnesses, 69-71

Suggestions for Systematic Inquiry: by C. J.
Ribton-Turner, 31

SUICIDE: queries regarding, as to parents of a
patient possibly insane, 437; as to the
patient himself, 440

SUMMARIES: case, as an aid in securing medi-
cal co-operation, 218; written, use of, by
some case workers, 340; to case com-
mittees, uses of, 348

SUMMARY: of certain aspects of earlier proc-
esses in social diagnosis, 342-347
SUMMARY, DIAGNOSTIC: content of, 360; of
the Ames case, 361

Summary of State Laws Relating to the Depen-
dent Classes, 195

SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHERS: utilization of ex-
perience of, 233

SUPERVISION AND REVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE,
449-453

SUPERVISION, SELF-: suggestions for, 349-

351

TEA, OVERUSE OF: Dr. Healy's findings re-
garding, 150

TEACHERS: information regarding, easily ob-

tained in first interview, 126; habit of
some of dealing with families through
children, 153; differences in use of, in
three cities, 167; testimony of, to S. P.
C. C. and probation officers, 222; evi-
dence of, on grade, 223-224; evidence of,
on scholarship, 224; evidence of, regard-
ing attendance and behavior, 225-226;
evidence of, regarding physical condition,
227; evidence of, regarding mental con-
dition, 227-229; evidence of, regarding
home care, 229-230; evidence of, regard-
ing results of social treatment, 230-231;
questions that need not be asked of, 231;
interest of, in certain reforms, 231; de-
fects in evidence of, 231-232; reports to,
by social workers, 233

TEAM SENSE: in social work, 292
TECHNIQUE: in social case work, 49

TELEGRAPH: communication by, 336-337

TELEGRAPHIC CODE: used by social agencies

in U. S., 337

TELEPHONE: communication by, uses and
dangers of, 247, 337-340

TEMPERAMENT: queries regarding, for a pa-
tient possibly insane, 438-439; for a
child possibly feeble-minded, 445
TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE: probative value of,
55; distinguished from other types of
evidence, 56, 57; direct and indirect, il-
lustrated, 59; an historian's tests of good
faith and accuracy as affecting, 64; com-
petence of witness in, 65-73; attention of
witness as affecting value of, 66-68;
memory of witness as affecting value of,
68-69; suggestibility of witness as affect-
ing value of, 69-70; leading questions as
affecting value of, 71-73; racial or na-
tional bias of witness as affecting value
of, 73-75; environmental bias as affect-
ing value of, 75-76; bias of self-interest
as affecting value of, 76-78
TESTIMONIALS proffered by clients, 254
TESTIMONY: given against self-interest, value
of, 76; personal, when most, and when
least, satisfactory, 254; social agency,
two functions of, 296-303

TESTS, MENTAL: need of repetition of, 47
THAYER, JAMES B., 49, 53, 56, 269
THAYER, WILLIAM ROSCOE, 385
THEORIES OF SOCIAL WORKER and his work,
mutual influence of, 134

THEORY: value of evidence gathered to cor-
roborate or disprove a, 87

THERAPY, SOCIAL AND MEDICAL: relations of,
to social reform and to medical science,
367

THINKING. See Reasoning
THORNDIKE, E. L., 367, 369

TIME ELEMENT: in diagnosis, 361-363
TOILET ARRANGEMENTS: defects in, which
social workers should look for, 151
TOWN CLERK: as a source of information, 287
TRADE UNIONS: inference from membership

in, 81, 86; as one-headed sources, 175;
instances of co-operation on part of, 250
TRADESMEN: former local, use of, in three

cities, 273; present local, use of, in three
cities, 273

TRANSFER: to another agency, and the prob-
lem of co-operation, 313, 314

TRANSITION PERIOD IN WIDOWHOOD: queries
regarding, 402

TRANSLATORS: choice of, for documents in a
foreign language, 271

TRANSPORTATION AGREEMENT: among social
agencies in U. S., 337

TRAVEL, BOOKS OF: as aid to study of native
country of immigrant groups, 386
TREASURER, CITY: consultations with, by
social agencies, 287

Treatise on the Law of Evidence: by Simon
Greenleaf, 72

Treatise on the System of Evidence in Trials
at Common Law: by J. H. Wigmore, 57

TREATMENT, SOCIAL: wider usefulness of, 6;
importance of case workers' conception
of possibilities of, 11; confidential ex-
change improves, 304; lack of connection
between plan of, and investigation, 348;
need of, in administrative tasks, 365; a
few questions on, included in question-
naires, 378; queries regarding, basis for,
in any family, 381; in case of an inebriate,
432
TUBERCULOSIS: need of noting, in family his-
tory, 187; possibility of diagnosing as
unemployment due to laziness, 358
TURNER, C. J. RIBTON-, 31

WATER SUPPLY, INSUFFICIENT: points re-
garding, that social workers should note,
151

"What Do Histories of Insanity Teach Us
Concerning Preventive Mental Hygiene
During the Years of School Life?" by
Adolf Meyer, M.D., 114

WHEREABOUTS: records indicating, kinds and
uses of, 260-262; registered letters used
to establish, 336

WHIPPLE, GUY M., 68, 69, 70

WIDER SELF: concept of, at the base of social
case work, 368-370

WIDOW WITH CHILDREN: instance of unre-
liable evidence from an employer regard-
ing, 241; undesirable relatives in home
of, 156; account of investigation of, il-
lustrating principles governing choice
of sources, 171-172; questionnaire re-
garding a, 400-404

WIDOWHOOD: formerly confused with deser-
tion, 358-359, 395

WIDOWS WITH CHILDREN RECORDS: school
evidence in, 229-230

WIFE: and husband, common causes of trou-
ble between, 140; and husband, mischief-
making by relatives between, illustrated,
182; points to be remembered regard-
ing, in study of family group, 147-148;
queries regarding early life of, for deser-
tion cases, 398

WIGMORE, J. H., 9. 49, 56, 57, 68, 69, 70, 305
WILLIAMS, FRANKWOOD E., M.D., 69
WITMER, LIGHTNER, 34

WITNESSES: tests of bias and competence of,
64, 65; attention as affecting competence
of, 66-68; memory as affecting compe-
tence of, 68-69; suggestibility of, 69–71;
leading questions as affecting competence
of, 71-73; bias of, different kinds, 73-79;
social diagnostician's ability in dealing
with, as part of his equipment, 98; who
have made first-hand observations to be
preferred, 172-174; court, difficulty in
persuading present neighbors to become,
277; evaluation of personality of, 278;
social agencies as, in supplying data from
their own experience, 297-301; social
agencies as, in supplying results of their
inquiries, 301-303; illiterate, direct re-
plies from, in answer to letters of in-
quiry, 324; characteristics of, restated,
346-347

WOMAN'S POSITION: in native country of im-
migrant groups, queries regarding, 384
WOODS, POLICE COMMISSIONER, 285
WOODS, ROBERT A., 299, 386
WOODYARD, CHARITY: as a work test for an
Italian laborer, 86, 87; unreliability of,
in testing willingness to work, 88
WORK HISTORY. See Industrial History
WORK PLACE: unwisdom of trying to see
man at, 144

WORK PROBLEMS: of a widow's family,
queries regarding, 403

WORK RECORD: inference regarding, drawn
from man's unwillingness to have em-
ployer consulted, 88; uses of a, 236-238;
scope of a, 239