1619 The first legislative assembly in America met at Jamestown, June 28. The Dutch colony of Batavia, in Java, founded. 1620 Slavery introduced into Virginia. "The Puritan settlement of Plymouth, in New England, December 21. 1621 The Virginia House of Burgesses established. "Death of Philip III. of Spain and accession of Philip IV. 1622 Ormuz wrested from the Portuguese by Shah Abbas of Persia. 66 The first Indian war and massacre in Virginia. 1623 The Dutch colony of New Netherland established. 1624 Cardinal Richelieu becomes Prime-Minister of France. 66 King James I. of England makes Virginia a royal Province. 1625 Death of James I. of England and accession of Charles I. 66 Frederic, King of Bohemia, defeated by the Emperor Ferdinand II. 1625 King Christian IV. of Denmark aids the German Protestants. 1626 Defeat of Christian IV. at Lutter by Tilly, the imperial general. 1628 Validity of the Petition of Right acknowledged by Charles I. "Richelieu humbles the Huguenots by the capture of La Rochelle. 1629 Peace of Lubec between the King of Denmark and the Emperor of Germany. "The Edict of Restitution published by the Emperor Ferdinand II. 66 Charles I. of England dissolves his Parliament, which is not again convened for eleven years. 1630 Boston, Massachusetts, founded by John Winthrop. 66 King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden aids the German Protestants. 1631 Magdeburg taken and destroyed by Tilly. 66 Battle of Breitenfeld and Leipsic,-Tilly defeated by Gustavus. 1632 Battle of Lutzen,-victory and death of Gustavus Adolphus. 1633 Alliance of Heilbron between the Swedes and the Germans. 1634 Assassination of Wallenstein by order of the Emperor Ferdinand II. "Battle of Nordlingen. Settlement of Maryland by English Roman Catholics. 1635 Clayborne's first rebellion in Maryland. "Peace of Prague between the German Princes and the Emperor. 66 Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts. 1636 Founding of Providence, Rhode Island, by Roger Williams. 66 Settlement of Hartford, Connecticut, by Rev. Thomas Hooker. 1637 Extermination of the Pequod Indians by the Connecticut settlers. 66 66 Death of the Emperor Ferdinand II. and accession of Ferdinand III. 1637 Founding of Harvard College at Cambridge, Massachusetts. 1638 Founding of New Haven, Connecticut, by Rev. John Davenport. Settlement of Newport, Rhode Island, by William Coddington. 1638 Settlement of New Sweden (now Delaware). 66 Sultan Amurah IV. of Turkey causes a massacre of the inhabitants of 1640 Portugal recovers her independence. 66 Frederic William, the Great Elector of Brandenburg, begins his reign. 1641 Catholic rebellion in Ireland. 1642 Commencement of the civil war in England between the Cavaliers and the Roundheads. 1643 Death of Louis XIII. of France and accession of Louis XIV. 66 Battle of Rocroi,-the Spaniards defeated by the French. 1644 Battle of Marston Moor,-Lord Fairfax defeats the royalists, July 9th. 66 Union of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. 66 The Manchu-Tartar dynasty ascends the throne of China. Battle of Naseby,-Charles I. overthrow, June 14th. 1645 Clayborne's second rebellion in Maryland. 66 1648 Peace of Westphalia terminates the Thirty Years' War. 66 66 The Civil Wars of the Fronde commence in France. Colonel Pride's Purge,-81 Presbyterians expelled from Parliament. 1649 Execution of King Charles I. of England, January 30th. 66 The Commonwealth of England established. 66 The Toleration Act passed by the Maryland Assembly. 1650 Battle of Dunbar,-the Scots defeated by Cromwell, September 3d. 1651 Battle of Worcester,-the English royalists defeated by Cromwell, Sep 66 tember 3rd. The Navigation Act passed by the English Parliament. 1652 Commencement of a naval war between England and Holland. 1653 Cromwell dissolves the Long Parliament, April. 66 66 Praise-God Barebone's Parliament, April to December. Oliver Cromwell created Lord Protector of England, December. 1654 Abdication of Queen Christina of Sweden. Conquest of the island of Jamaica by the English Admiral Penn. Civil war in Maryland between the Catholics and Protestants. Conquest of New Sweden by Governor Stuyvesant of New Netherland. 1656 Persecution of Quakers in Boston, Massachusetts. Three days' battle of Warsaw,--the Swedes defeat the Poles. 1657 Death of the Emperor Ferdinand III. and accession of Leopold I. 1658 Death of Oliver Cromwell, September 3rd. 66 Richard Cromwell becomes Lord Protector, but soon resigns. 1659 Aurungzebe ascends the Mogul throne in India. 66 The Treaty of the Pyrenees between France and Spain. 1660 Restoration of Monarchy in England,-Charles II., King, May 29th. 1661 Death of Cardinal Mazarin, Prime-Minister of France. 1663 Naval war between England and Holland. 66 66 Charter granted to Rhode Island by King Charles II. of England. Settlement of North Carolina by emigrants from Virginia. 1664 Conquest of New Netherland by the English. 66 Settlement of Elizabethtown, New Jersey, by English Puritans. 1665 Connecticut and New Haven united under one charter granted by Charles II. 66 Great plague in London. 1666 Great fire in London. 1667 Peace of Breda between England and Holland. 66 Louis XIV. of France makes conquests in the Spanish Netherlands. 1668 Triple Alliance of England, Holland, and Sweden against France. 66 66 Peace of Aix la Chapelle,-Louis XIV. restores his conquests. Peace between Spain and Portugal after 26 years of war. 1669 Conquest of Candia (Crete) by the Turks. 1670 Settlement of South Carolina by English emigrants. 1671 Emmerik Tokeli's insurrection in Hungary. 1672 Louis XIV, invades Holland with a powerful army. 1673 Louis Joliet and James Marquette explore the Mississippi river. 66 John Sobieski, King of Poland, defeats 200,000 Turks at Kotzim. 66 New York taken by a Dutch fleet. 1674 New York restored to the English. 66 Spain and Germany join Holland in the war against France. 1675 Battle of Fehrbellin,-the Swedes defeated by the Great Elector. 66 Beginning of King Philip's War in New England, July 4th. 1676 Subjugation of the New England Indians and death of King Philip. 66 Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia. 1678 Peace of Nimeguen between France and the Allies. 66 The Habeas Corpus Act passed by the English Parliament. 1679 Eleven days' battle at Tangier between the English and the Moors. 1680 Charleston, South Carolina, founded. 1681 Louis XIV. wrests the free city of Strassburg from the German Empire. 1682 Philadelphia and Pennsylvania founded by William Penn. 66 Robert de La Salle explores the Mississippi river. 1683 John Sobieski, King of Poland, drives the Turks from Vienna. 66 66 Rye House Plot in England.-Execution of Russell and Sidney. 1684 Genoa bombarded by the French navy. 1685 Death of Charles II. of England and accession of James II. 66 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes and persecution of the Huguenots. 1686 League of Augsburg, Germany, Spain, Holland, and Sweden against France. 1687 The Connecticut charter concealed from Sir Edmund Andros. 1688 Death of Frederic William, the Great Elector of Brandenburg. Desolation of the Palatinate by the French. 66 66 66 66 Revolution in England and flight of James II. 1689 The Bill of Rights passed by the English Parliament. 66 66 66 Catholic rebellion in Ireland in favor of James II. 66 Peter the Great becomes sole Czar of Russia. 66 Dover, New Hampshire, burned by the French and Indians. 1690 Schenectady, New York, destroyed by the French and Indians. 66 Battle of the Boyne, Ireland, James II. defeated by William III. 1691 Battle of Aughrim, Ireland, and death of the Irish General St. Ruth. Massacre of Glencoe, Scotland. 66 66 Acadia seized and plundered by Sir William Phipps. 1692 Massachusetts made a royal province. 66 Salem Witchcraft. 66 66 Naval battle off Cape La Hogue.-Beginning of England's naval superiority. Battle of Neerwinden,-William III. defeated by the French. 1695 War of Germany, Russia, Poland and Venice against Turkey. 1696 Death of John Sobieski, King of Poland. 1697 Peace of Ryswick between France and the Allies. 66 Battle of Zenta,-Prince Eugene defeats the Turks. 66 Charles XII. ascends the throne of Sweden. 66 Governor Fletcher of New York defied at Hartford by Captain Wadsworth. 1699 Peace of Carlowitz between Turkey and the Allies. 66 The English erect Fort William at Calcutta, Hindoostan. 1700 Death of Charles II. of Spain and accession of Philip of Anjou. 66 Charles XII. of Sweden compels the King of Denmark to make peace. 66 Battle of Narva,-Charles XII. defeats the Czar Peter the Great. A. D. EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. 1701 Founding of the Kingdom of Prussia. "Founding of Yale College in Connecticut. 1702 Founding of Mobile in the present Alabama. 66 66 66 66 Death of William III. of England and accession of Queen Anne. Charles XII. of Sweden enters Warsaw in triumph. Deerfield, Massachusetts, burned by the French and Indians. 1703 St. Petersburg founded by the Czar Peter the Great. 66 66 66 Charles XII. of Sweden deposes Augustus II. of Poland. Protestant insurrection in Hungary. 1704 Stanislaus Leczinski elected King of Poland. 66 Battle of Blenheim, August 13th. 1705 Death of the Emperor Leopold I. and accession of Joseph I. 1706 Battle of Ramillies, May 23d. 66 66 Peace of Altranstadt between Charles XII. and the Elector of Saxony. A Franco-Spanish fleet attacks Charleston, South Carolina. 1707 Parliamentary Union of England and Scotland. 66 66 Battle of Almanza, Spain, April 25th. Death of Aurungzebe, the great Mogul Emperor of India. 1708 Battle of Oudenarde, July 11th. 66 Charles XII. of Sweden invades Russia. 1709 Battle of Pultowa, July 8th. 66 Battle of Malplaquet, September 11th. 1710 The French colony of Acadia conquered by the English. 66 Charles XII. of Sweden seeks refuge in Turkey. 1711 Unfortunate expedition of Sir Hovenden Walker against Canada. 66 The Tuscarora Indians make war on the North Carolina settlers. 66 Death of the Emperor Joseph II. and accession of Charles VI. 66 The Hungarian insurrection of Count Ragotzky suppressed. 1713 Peace of Utrecht. 1714 Peace of Rastadt. 66 Death of Queen Anne of England and accession of George I. 1715 The Yamasee Indians make war on the South Carolinians. 66 66 66 Charles XII. returns to Sweden. Death of Louis XIV. of France and accession of Louis XV. 1716 Battle of Sheriff Muir, Scotland. 66 Austria joins Venice in a war against the Ottoman Porte. |