PART III. but by commanding, he effects that it may be effected. And this power is to be exercised by them, not in any new or arbitrary manner, but according to the received laws of the Church; ch. vi. & vii. for "Rex est sub Deo et Lege," and “Rex nihil potest nisi quod jure potest 3.” Below, 1 XXXIX ARTICLES, Art. xxxvii. Where we attribute to the Queen's Majesty the chief government, by which titles we understand the minds of some slanderous folks to be offended, we give not to our princes the ministering either of God's Word, or of the Sacraments, the which thing the injunctions also lately set forth by Elizabeth our Queen do most plainly testify; but that only prerogative, which we see to have been given always to all godly princes in Holy Scriptures by God Himself; that is, that they should rule all states and degrees committed to their charge by God, whether they be ecclesiastical or temporal, and restrain with the civil sword the stubborn and evil-doers. QUEEN ELIZABETH's Admonition, in Bp. Gibson's Codex, p. 54, note. Her Majesty forbiddeth all manner her subjects to give ear or credit to such perverse and malicious persons, which most sinisterly and maliciously labour to notify to her loving subjects, how by the words of the Oath of Supremacy it may be collected that the Kings or Queens of this realm may challenge authority and power of Ministry of Divine Service in the Church; whereby her said subjects are much abused by such evil-disposed persons. Her Majesty neither doth nor ever will challenge any authority than that which is and was of ancient time due to the imperial crown of this realm; that is, under God to have the sovereignty and rule over all manner of persons born within her realms, of what estate, either ecclesiastical or temporal, soever they be, so as no other foreign power shall or ought to have any superiority over them. HOOKER, VIII. III. 4. VIII. VIII. 1. CASAUBON de Libert. Eccles. ii. v. Epist. p. 187. Sir R. TWISDEN on Schism, p. 94. Abp. BRAMHALL, ii. 219, 220. Bp. STILLINGFLEET, Eccles. Cases, on Jurisdict. ii. 97. 2 GROTIUS de Imperio Potestatum summarum circa Sacra, pp. 240. 245. 3 HOOKER, VIII. II. 3, 13, and 17. For the received laws and liberty of the Church the King hath supreme authority, but against them none. The following note is from Bp. ANDREWES. It contains the most comprehensive, concise, and perspicuous state ment extant concerning the nature of the Royal Supre- CHAP. V. macy, both with respect to what it is, and to what it is not. It derives additional importance from the fact of its having been authorized by King James I. (Dudley Carleton's Letters, p. 223, ed. 1780.) These are its words; Bp. ANDREWES, Tortura Torti, p. 380. Primò, sub Primatús nomine Papatum novum Rex non invehit in Ecclesiam; sic enim statuit, ut non Aaroni Pontifici, ita nec Exod. xxxii. Jeroboamo Regi jus ullum esse, conflatum à se Vitulum 4. populo proponendi, ut adoret; id est, non vel fidei novos 1 Reg. xii. articulos vel cultús Divini novas formulas procudendi. 23. Neque verò id agit Rex, ne patitur quidem, ut sibi 2 Chron. potestas sit, vel incensum adolendi cum Oziá, vel Arcam xxvi. 16. attrectandi cum Ozâ. 2 Sam. vi. 6. Docendi munus, vel dubia Legis explicandi, non assumit, non vel Conciones habendi, vel Rei Sacræ præeundi, vel Sacramenta celebrandi; non vel personas sacrandi, vel res; non vel clavium jus, vel censuræ. Verbo dicam ; nihil ille sibi, nihil nos illi fas putamus attingere, quæ ad Sacerdotale munus spectant, seu potestatem Ordinis consequuntur. Procul hæc habet Rex; procul à se abdicat. Atqui in his quæ Exterioris Politiæ sunt, ut præcipiat, suo sibi jure vendicat; nosque adeò illi lubentes meritò deferimus. Religionis enim curam rem Regiam esse, non modo Pontificiam, et IN REGIIS PRIMAM, quamque ille non solùm foris ab externâ vi, sed et domi ab incuriâ hominum asserere teneatur. Nam cùm Lege Ipsâ Dei custos sit et vindex, non secundæ modò tabulæ, sed et primæ, primæ quoque ad se Deut. xvii. curam pertinere putat, et primam primæ. Et cùm omnis 18. anima ei subjici jubetur, animæ etiam consultum vult, Jos. i. 8. magis autem id quàm corpori. Rom. xiii. 1. Vis illa dicam sigillatim quæ sint? Quodcunque in rebus Religionis Reges Israel fecerunt, nec sine laude fecerunt, id ut ei faciendi jus sit ac potestas. Leges auctoritate Regiâ ferendi ne blasphemetur Deus, non negabitis, fecit Rex Babel; ut jejunio placetur Deus, fecit Dan. iii. 29. Rex Ninive; ut festo honoretur, fecit Ester cùm Purim, Jonah iii. 7. Machabæus cùm Encænia promulgaret. Denique iis Est. ix. 26. omnibus de rebus, de quibus in Codice, in Authenticis, in Mac. iv. Capitularibus à Constantino, Theodosio, Justiniano, Carolo 56. 59. Magno, Leges latæ leguntur. Tum, delegandi qui de Lege sic latâ judicent, quod 2 Chron. Josaphat. Tum subditos, ne sic latam violent, juramento xix. 8. obstringendi, quod et Asa et Josias. xv. 14. Quod siqui in Leges ita latas committant, etsi Religionis xxxiv. 32. ea causa sit, sive Pseudoprophetæ crimen est, sive Idolo- Deut. xiii. latra, sive Blasphemi, sive Sacra polluentis, in cos auctoritate Regiâ animadvertendi. 5. 10. PART III. Conventus auctoritate suâ indicendi, etiam de Arcâ reducendâ, et figendâ loco suo, quod fecit David: etiam de Lev. xxiv. populo ad Dei cultum revocando, quod Josophat: etiam de Templo dedicando, quod Salomon: collapso instaurando, quod Joas: polluto purificando, quod Ezekias. 23. Num. XV. 35. 1 Chron. xiii. 2. 2 Chron. xix. 4. Quamquam verò non frustrà sibi præceptum putat à Deo, ut describat sibi Legis exemplar, secum habeat semper, legat sedulò, dies noctesque meditetur, condiscat inde cultum Dei vel ad ipsas usque Ceremonias; nec hoc 1 Reg. vii. illi dictum, ut totus ab alieno ore pendeat, ipseque à se 64. nihil planè dijudicet: in his tamen Os Eleazari non invitus consulit, et requirit legem ab iis, quorum labia scientiam custodiunt: adhibebit in sacris legibus ferendis, Deut. xvii. quos adhibere par est, quosque ratio suadet rerum illarum consultissimos, deque iis optimè respondere posse. Et in his, quæ ad Deum pertinent, Amariam Sacerdotem, non Zabadiam Ducem jubebit præsidere. 2 Chron. σχίν. 4. xxix. 5. 19. 21. Mal. ii. 7. 2 Chron. XIX. 11. 1 Sam. xv. 17. Deut. xvii. 12. Quoad Personas, omnibus omnium Ordinum jus dicendi : qui sit (dicam stilo Scripturæ) Caput Tribús Levi, non minùs quàm cæterarum, nec minùs Clericorum quàm Laicorum Rex contra Abiathar siquis superbierit, decreto suo compescendi etiam Abiathar ipsum, si ita meritus, pontificatu abdicandi. : Quoad Res, excelsa diruendi; id est, peregrinum cultum Reg. ii. 27. abolendi; nec modò Vitulum aureum ab Aarone conflatum, Exod. quod Moses, sed et Serpentem æneum à Mose erectum confringendi, quod Ezechias; et sive in idololatriam abeat Vitulus aureus, sive in superstitionem Serpens æneus, utrumque comminuendi. Xxxxii. 20. 2 Reg. xviii. 4. 2 Chron. xxiv. 12. Nam de rebus, quæ ad decorem Domûs Dei spectant, quæ dici solent Adiaphora statuendi, quod Joas; et quæ materia schismatis esse assolent, futiles et inutiles quæ stiones, auctoritate suâ compescendi, quod Constantinus ; ne vos quidem ipsi negatis jus esse. Postremò ; si de Christianis exemplum malitis, id postulat, ut Episcopus sit Tŵv èкTòs, quod Constantinus: ut Rector Religionis, quod non modo Carolus Magnus, sed et Ludovicus Pius. Hæc Primatûs apud nos jura sunt, ex jure Divino. CHAPTER VI. ON THE ROYAL SUPREMACY IN THE CHURCH OF In Ecclesiastical Synods. Q. IN what manner is the supreme power CHAP. VI. exercised by the Sovereign in the Church of England? A. In four ways, viz. 1. Citatio; or the convoking and dissolving 2. Assensio; or the right of assenting to 3. Promotio; or, "the advancement of prin- 4. Judicatio; or, "higher judicial authority 1 HOOKER, VIII. II. 1. Q. Have Christian Princes always possessed the power of convoking Ecclesiastical Synods? A. Yes. Before the Empire became Christian the Church had no General Synod; and, in ancient times, no General Council was ever regarded as legal, unless convened with the consent of the Ruler of the country where it was held'. 1 See the note at the end of this Chapter. XXXIX ARTICLES, Art. xxi. General Councils may not be gathered together without the commandment and will of Princes; and Bp. BEVERIDGE on Art. xxxvii. p. 373. CANONS of 1603, Preface; Canon cxxxix. HOOKER, V. I. 2. Archbp. BRAMHALL, i. 30. 171. BARROW, Pope's Supremacy, 185. Nothing can be more evident than that the Emperors at their will and by PART III. their authority did congregate all the first General Synods. -186. 188. 191. 193. It inseparably doth belong to Sovereigns in the General Assemblies of their states to preside and moderate affairs; proposing, stopping, controuling (in person or by proxy, p. 194-203). Parliamentary Report on Roman Catholic Regulations in Foreign States, 1816, p. 159. Note in Christian Institutes, iii. p. 254. Q. And Councils therefore were not summoned by the Bishops of Rome? A. No: there is no instance of any Council, claiming to be General, convoked by the Bishop of Rome for more than a thousand years after Christ1. 1 CARDINAL CUSANUS de Concord. Eccles. ii. cap. 25. Ex illo tempore quo Imperatores Christiani esse cœperunt, ex illorum nutu pendere visa sunt negotia Ecclesiæ, atque adeo maxima Concilia ex eorum sententiâ convocabantur, ut ex Eusebio, Socrate, Sozomeno, Nicephoro patet. Octo prima Generalia Concilia ab Imperatoribus erant collecta, et Pontifex Romanus, ad instar aliorum Patriarcharum, divales (h. e. imperatorias) sacras jussiones pro veniendo aut mittendo ad Concilia recepit. CASAUBON de Lib. Eccles. iii. 11. Epist. p. 192 Bp. ANDREWES on the Right and Power of calling Assemblies, 4to, 1606, p. 45, vol. v. 141–168. Thus farre the trumpet giveth a certaine sound. Now after this there is a great silence in the volumes of the Councils in a mauner for the space of 200 yeres, until the yere 1180 or thereabout, when the Council of Lateran was; and then indeed the case was altered. By that time had the Bishop of Rome got one of the trumpets away, and carried with him to Rome, so leaving princes but one. But so long they held it. The student will find a clear account of the practice used in the convocation of Church Synods, in Father SARPI'S History of the Council of Trent, Book ii. ad ann. 1545. See also the note at the end of this Chapter. Q. What is the Synod of the English Church called? A. The Convocation 1. 1 The Convocation of England and Wales consists of two Assemblies, also called Convocations, one for the |